Cultural Landscapes of Universal Value

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Elijah Greene
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1 Edited by Bernd von Droste, Harald Plachter, Mechtild Rossler With contributions of 42 scientists Cultural Landscapes of Universal Value -Components of a Global Strategy- 87 Figures 16 Boxes and 5 Tables SEMPER - U U U Gustav Fischer Verlag Jena Stuttgart New York in cooperation with UNESCO

2 Contents Preface 0 F Mayor 5 Introduction 1 Cultural Landscapes Reconnecting Culture and Nature 15 Harald Plachter and Mechtild Rossler Conceptual Framework Cultural Landscapes in a Global World Heritage Strategy 20 Bernd von Droste The Interaction between Biological and Cultural Diversity 25 Jeffrey A McNeely and William S Keeton Concept Origin and Meaning of Landscape 38 Wolfgang Haber UNESCO and Cultural Landscape Protection 42 Mechtild Rossler The Evaluation of Cultural Landscapes The Role of ICOMOS 50 Henry Cleere Cultural Landscapes and Fauna 60 Almo Farina Cultural Landscapes of the World Africa and Arab States 8 Sacred Groves in Ghana 80 Boakye Amoako Atta 9 Cultural Landscapes Maraboutic sites in Morocco 96 Dominique Verdugo and Jahla Kadiri Fakir

3 12 Asia 10 The Cultural Lancscape of the Rice Terraces of the Philippine Cordilleras 108 Augusto F Villalon 11 Mt Huangshan and Mt Taishan Outstanding Cultural Landscapes in China 114 Ying Yang 12 Changing Cultural Landscapes in Japan 128 Nobukazu Nakagoshi 13 Cultural Landscapes of Angkor Region Cambodia A Case Study of Planning for a World Heritage Site - The Zoning and Environmental Management Plan for Angkor (ZEMP) 139 Jonathan Wager 14 The Cultural Landscape of Sagarmatha National Park in Nepal 154 Hans Caspary Australia and the Pacific 15 Outstanding Cultural Landscapes in Australia New Zealand and the Pacific the Footprint of Man in the Wilderness 162 Peter Bndgewater and Theo Hooy 16 A Sacred Gift Tonganro National Park New Zealand 170 Tumu Te Heuheu 17 Uluru An Outstanding Australian Aboriginal Cultural Landscape 174 Robert Layton and Sarah Titchen 18 Australian Colonial Landscapes 182 Ken Taylor The Americas 19 Cultural Landscapes in Honduras the Mosquitia 202 Silvia C Chalukian and Jeffery W Bentley 20 Cultural Landscapes in North America an Overview of Status in the United States and Canada 210 Patricia M O Donnell 21 Cultural Landscapes in the United States 234 Nora J Mitchell 22 Cultural Landscapes in Canada 252 Susan Buggey

4 13 Europe 23 Cultural Landscapes in Europe A Geographical Perspective 272 John Aitchison 24 On the Traces of the Mediterranean Landscape 289 Yves Luginbuhl 25 Aranjuez Nature Agriculture and the Art of the Landscape 295 Carmen Anon Fehu 26 Cultural Landscapes in France 307 Alain Megret and Gerard Colhn 27 Slovenian Cultural Landscapes and the Triglav National Park 316 Jelka Habjan and Vesna Kolar Planinsic 28 Austrian Cultural Landscapes Methodological Aspects for an Inventory 324 Hans Peter Jeschke 29 The Schorfheide Chonn Biosphere Reserve Germany Unique Species Diversity in a Centuries Old Cultivated Landscape 333 Eberhard Henne 30 Cultural Landscapes in Britain 350 Peter Fowler and David Jacques 31 The Cultural Landscape of Markim/Orkesta 364 Kerstin Riessen 32 Nature and Culture - Two Aspects of the Same Story Norwegian Land scape Management in the 1990s 374 Tonte Hegard Conserving Cultural Landscapes Elements for a Strategy of Protection through Development 33 Cultural Landscapes an IUCN Perspective 380 Adrian Phillips 34 Functional Criteria for the Assessment of Cultural Landscapes 393 Harold Plachter 35 Principles for Protecting Endangered Landscapes The Work of the IUCN CESP Working Group on Landscape Conservation 405 Bryn H Green 36 Conservation of Landscapes in Post Industrial Countries 412 David Jacques and Peter Fowler 37 Tentative Lists as a Tool for Landscape Classification and Protection 420 Sarah M Titchen and Mechtild Rossler

5 14 I II Annexes Action Plan for the Future (Cultural Landscapes) adopted by the seven teenth session of the World Heritage Committee in December Extract of the Operational Guidelines for the Implementation of the World Heritage Convention 431 III Extract from the report of the expert meeting on Heritage Canals (Canada September 1994) 433 IV V Extract from the report of the expert meeting on Routes as Part of Our Cultural Heritage (Spain November 1994) 436 Extract from the report of the Regional Thematic Study Meeting on Asian Rice Culture and its Terraced Landscapes (Philippines March/ April 1995) 441 VI Extract from the report of the Asia Pacific Regional Workshop on Associative Cultural Landscapes (Australia Apnl 1995) 447 VII World Heritage Convention (1972) 456

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