1.0 PROJECT REPORT COVER PAGE

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1 1.0 PROJECT REPORT COVER PAGE LICENSEE INFORMATION: Contact Information: Licensee: Ontario Archaeology Licence: Michael B. Henry CD BA FRAI FRSA Southwestern District Office 553 Dufferin Avenue London, ON N6B 2A5 Phone: (419) Michael B. Henry CD BA FRAI FRSA P058 PROJECT INFORMATION: Corporate Project Number: MTCS Project Number: P Investigation Type: Stage 3 Archaeological Site-specific Assessment Project Name: Breslau Mennonite Church Cemetery Project Location: 226 Woolwich Street South Part of Lot 115 German Co Tract (Geographic Township of Waterloo, County of Waterloo), City of Waterloo, Regional Municipality of Waterloo Project Designation Number: Not Currently Available MTCS FILING INFORMATION: Site Record Form: Date of Report Filing: Type of Report: N/A TBD ORIGINAL

2 2.0 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AMICK Consultants Ltd. was engaged to conduct a Stage 3 Site-specific Assessment of the Breslau Mennonite Church Cemetery, located at 226 Woolwich Street South Part of Lot 115 German Co Tract (Geographic Township of Waterloo, County of Waterloo), City of Waterloo, Regional Municipality of Waterloo. The Stage 3 Site-specific Archaeological Assessment was conducted under Professional Archaeologist License #P058 issued to Michael Henry by the Minister of Tourism, Culture and Sport for the Province of Ontario. This assessment was undertaken as a requirement under the Planning Act (RSO 1990b) and the Provincial Policy Statement (2014) in order to support a Zoning By-law Amendment application and subsequent Site Plan approval as part of the pre-submission process. Within the land use planning and development context, Ontario Regulation 544/06 under the Planning Act (1990b) requires an evaluation of archaeological potential and, where applicable, an archaeological assessment report completed by an archaeologist licensed by the Ministry of Tourism, Culture and Sport (MTCS). Policy 2.6 of the Provincial Policy Statement (PPS 2014) addresses archaeological resources. All work was conducted in conformity with Ontario Ministry of Tourism and Culture (MTC) Standards and Guidelines for Consultant Archaeologists (MTC 2011), the Ontario Heritage Act (RSO 1990a). Stage 3 Site-specific Assessment was undertaken to ensure that the proposed undertaking does not encroach within 15 ft of any below ground graves in accordance with the direction from Mr. Michael D Mello who is the Manager of Licensing, Education and Outreach for the Bereavement Authority of Ontario (BAO). This requirement can only be verified with surety through mechanical removal of topsoil extending a minimum of 15 feet into the adjacent church property area to be retained and excluded from development activity. The minimum width of the corridor to be assessed is ten metres in order to ensure that sufficient space is examined to account for the possibility of gaps in the space between graves. The area assessed is illustrated in Maps 5 & 6 of this report. The original church on the property was established in 1832 and the current church structure was erected in The church acquired several parcels over time and the current proposed development does encroach upon lands acquired in the 19 th century which do represent areas of concern for potential unmarked graves. The area where further study is needed is along the shared boundaries of parcels obtained by the church in 1850 and Areas of previous extensive deep disturbance as documented on the 1990 Landscape Architect s plan of the church property may be excluded from further study (Please refer to Maps 7 8 of this report), although as a precaution testing extended into this area to verify the area of documented disturbance. The Stage 3 assessment strategy was consistent with the goals of Stage 3 assessment as outlined in the 2011 Standards and Guidelines for Consultant Archaeologists for areas subject to archaeological assessment where there remain concerns for deeply buried deposits. In this case there is a known early historic cemetery established Circa The objective of the Stage 3 investigation is to determine if any graves associated with the historic cemetery AMICK Consultants Limited Page 2

3 are within, or within close proximity to, the proposed area of development activity where any such remains could be adversely impacted through landscape alteration activities. The Stage 3 assessment consisted of the mechanical removal of topsoil and fill overburden to sufficient depth to preclude any possibility of more deeply buried remains associated with the historic cemetery. The Stage 3 Site-specific Assessment, together with the Stage 1-2 Property Assessment of the development application indicates that the lands to be potentially impacted contain no archaeological resources of cultural heritage value or interest, including graves. This report recommends 1. that Stage 4 Mitigation of Development Impacts is not required; 2. that any concerns with respect to archaeological resources for the proposed undertaking have been addressed. AMICK Consultants Limited Page 3

4 3.0 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.0 PROJECT REPORT COVER PAGE EXECUTIVE SUMMARY TABLE OF CONTENTS PROJECT PERSONNEL PROJECT BACKGROUND FIELD WORK METHODS AND WEATHER CONDITIONS RECORD OF FINDS ANALYSIS AND CONCLUSIONS RECOMMENDATIONS ADVICE ON COMPLIANCE WITH LEGISLATION BIBLIOGRAPHY AND SOURCES MAPS IMAGES PROJECT PERSONNEL AMICK CONSULTANTS LIMITED PARTNERS Michael Henry (MTCS Professional Archaeologist Licence #P058) Marilyn Cornies (MTCS Professional Archaeologist Licence #P038) AMICK CONSULTANTS LIMITED BUSINESS MANAGER Melissa Maclean BBA mmaclean@amick.ca PROJECT COORDINATOR Melissa Maclean PROJECT CONSULTANT ARCHAEOLOGIST Michael Henry (MTCS Professional Archaeologist Licence #P058) PROJECT FIELD DIRECTORS Michael Henry (MTCS Professional Archaeologist Licence #P058) PROJECT ASSISTANT AERCHAEOLOGIST Marilyn Cornies (MTCS Professional Archaeologist Licence #P038) PROJECT REPORT PREPARATION Michael Henry (MTCS Professional Archaeologist Licence #P058) PROJECT PHOTOGRAPHY Michael Henry (MTCS Professional Archaeologist Licence #P058) AMICK Consultants Limited Page 4

5 5.0 PROJECT BACKGROUND 5.1 DEVELOPMENT CONTEXT AMICK Consultants Ltd. was engaged to conduct a Stage 3 Site-specific Assessment of the Breslau Mennonite Church Cemetery, located at 226 Woolwich Street South Part of Lot 115 German Co Tract (Geographic Township of Waterloo, County of Waterloo), City of Waterloo, Regional Municipality of Waterloo. The Stage 3 Site-specific Archaeological Assessment was conducted under Professional Archaeologist License #P058 issued to Michael Henry by the Minister of Tourism, Culture and Sport for the Province of Ontario. This assessment was undertaken as a requirement under the Planning Act (RSO 1990b) and the Provincial Policy Statement (2014) in order to support a Zoning By-law Amendment application and subsequent Site Plan approval as part of the pre-submission process. Within the land use planning and development context, Ontario Regulation 544/06 under the Planning Act (1990b) requires an evaluation of archaeological potential and, where applicable, an archaeological assessment report completed by an archaeologist licensed by the Ministry of Tourism, Culture and Sport (MTCS). Policy 2.6 of the Provincial Policy Statement (PPS 2014) addresses archaeological resources. All work was conducted in conformity with Ontario Ministry of Tourism and Culture (MTC) Standards and Guidelines for Consultant Archaeologists (MTC 2011), the Ontario Heritage Act (RSO 1990a). The proposed development of the study area includes a 4-storey apartment building with 74 units and visitor parking areas with associated services and landscape modifications. A preliminary Site Plan of the proposed development has been submitted together with this report to MTCS for review and reproduced within this report as Map 3. Permission to access the study area to conduct all required archaeological fieldwork activities, including the recovery of artifacts was given by the landowner and their representative. 5.2 HISTORICAL CONTEXT GENERAL HISTORICAL OUTLINE Waterloo County was once one of the most densely wooded sections in North America. Prior to the arrival of the Europeans the area was located in the northerly area of the Attiwandaronk or Neutral Indian country. The area was known for excellent hunting and fishing. Following the American Revolution, the British Government granted the Grand River valley to its allies, the Iroquois confederation refugees from central and western New York State. The grant ran the length of the Grand River from Lake Erie to the Elora falls, with the width AMICK Consultants Limited Page 5

6 being six miles to either side of the river. The Confederacy soon offered almost half of the upper area for sale. It was divided into four blocks. Settlement of the area started in 1800 by Joseph Schoerg and Samuel Betzner, Jr. (brothersin-law), Mennonites from Franklin County, Pennsylvania. Other Mennonite settlers from Pennsylvania soon followed. In 1805 a company formed in Pennsylvania purchased 60,000 acres (240 km²) (most of Block 2, Grand River Indian Lands- later known as Waterloo Township). Settlers came from Pennsylvania by overland route and typically by Conestoga wagons. Most settlers purchased land title deeds directly form Richard Beasley. However, it was later found out that Richard Beasley did not have clear title to Block 2 (he shared it with Joseph Wilson and John B. Roseau), hence the settlers deeds were invalid. The settlers were forced to ask for relief from their home country. Additional funds were raised to purchase outright the 60,000 acres (240 km²) of Block 2. In 1806 Benjamin Eby (made Mennonite preacher 1809, and bishop in 1812) purchased land consisting of a large part of what would become village of Berlin (named about 1829). Eby founder of Berlin, encouraged manufactures to move to the village. Jacob Hoffman came in 1829 or 1830 and started the first furniture factory in the village. In 1807, 45,195 acres (182.9 km²) of Block 3 (Woolwich) was purchased by Pennsylvanians John Erb, Jacob Erb and others. The war of 1812 interrupted settlement. The Mennonite settlers refused to carry arms so were employed in camps and hospital and as teamsters in transport service during the war. Waterloo County was established in The county seat was established in Berlin Berlin (a ratepayer's vote in 1916 changed the name from Berlin to Kitchener) when local merchant Joseph Gaukel donated a small parcel of land he owned (at the current Queen and Weber streets), in order to establish a courthouse and gaol which were requirements to hold the county seat. The courthouse and gaol were built within a few months and the county began operations. In 1973 the provincial government restructured this layout: this formed the current cities of Kitchener (which absorbed Doon) and Waterloo; the city of Cambridge was formed from Hespeler, Preston, Galt, and Blair; as well as the townships of Wellesley, North Dumfries, Wilmot, and of Woolwich, which grew to contain the northeast corner of the former Waterloo township. All former village, town and city councils joined into the new township or city council; and an overseeing regional council handled the former county-level responsibilities, as well as now providing police service for the region as a whole (Briethaupt, W. H., 1927: 991). The Township of Waterloo was first acquired by Richard Beasley from Mr. Joseph Brant on the behalf of the Six Nations in By the 1800 s a large number of Mennonite settlers had arrived to the area and purchased land from Mr. Beasley. In 1803 the German Company of Pennsylvania purchased 60,000 acres of land. The acquired land was divided up into AMICK Consultants Limited Page 6

7 roughly equal lots of 200 acres each and shareholders within the company were randomly selected to receive lots to ensure a fair system of distribution. By the 1830 s most of the township s settlers were Mennonite and most of the land had been sold. New settlers to the area bought land that was subdivided by property owners, the new settlers were not farmers but rather artisans, labourers, shopkeepers and millers, which would allow the villages and towns within the township greater development potential. During the 1830 s there was more diversity in the settlers arriving to the area, including people from England, Ireland, Scotland and Germany. These new settlers helped to build dams for creeks and brooks, as well as various mills and provided hired hands for local farmers (Waterloo Region Museum, 2017a). By 1850, the proposed railway line started to re-define the development of the township. By 1856, the first railway line was completed, it provided easier direct access to Toronto and 3 stops were located within the township at Shantz Station, Breslau and Berlin. In 1853 Berlin had become the county seat of government for the township and would soon also be the centre of development in the township through industrial projects In 1973 the formation of Regional Government and due to the continued growth cities of Waterloo and Kitchener, most of the western portion of the township was absorbed into the cities (Waterloo Region Museum, 2017a). The village of Breslau is located where the Grand Trunk Railway crossed a northsouth road leading to Elora in Wellington County (present-day Woolwich Street South). The community was near the Grand River, where a large Grand Trunk Railway trestle bridge was constructed. Breslau Creek was the location of a sawmill and flour mill. A brick yard was also located at Breslau, as well as businesses that served the needs of the local farming population. Its post office was established in Its population in 1891 was 350, growing to 400 by Originally in Waterloo Township, it became part of Woolwich Township after municipal boundary restructuring in (Waterloo Regional Museum, 2017b) Map 2 is a facsimile segment from Tremaine s Map of the County of Waterloo (Tremaine 1861). Map 2 illustrates the location of the study area and environs as of The study area is shown to belong to Christn Snyder; one church, labelled MENNONIST CH, is located adjacent to the study area to the south. This demonstrates that the original property of which the study area is a part was settled by the time that the atlas data was compiled. Accordingly, it has been determined that there is potential for archaeological deposits related to early Post-contact settlement within the study area. In addition, this map illustrates a settlement road is as adjacent to the study area to the east; this road is the current Woolwich Street South. Map 3 is a facsimile segment of the Township of Toronto map reproduced from The Illustrated Historical Atlas of the County of Waterloo (Parsell, H. & Co., 1881). Map 3 illustrates the location of the study area and environs as of The study area is not shown to belong to anyone; a church is shown within the study area. This demonstrates that the original property of which the study area is a part was settled by the time that the atlas data AMICK Consultants Limited Page 7

8 was compiled. Accordingly, it has been determined that there is potential for archaeological deposits related to early Post-contact settlement within the study area. In addition, this map illustrates a settlement road is as adjacent to the study area to the east; this road is the current Woolwich Street South. It must be borne in mind that inclusion of names of property owners and depictions of structures within properties on these maps were sold by subscription. While information included within these maps may provide information about occupation of the property at a specific point in time, the absence of such information does not indicate that the property was not occupied. History of the Breslau Mennonite Church and Cemetery Founded by Joseph Hagey, the church was constructed in its current location in 1815 by the Cressman family. The log structure served until 1856 when a brick building was erected. Known as the Cressman Mennonite Church until 1908, it was then renamed Breslau Mennonite Church. The structure, no longer big enough, was replaced with a new brick building. In 1968 and 1989, further additions were built to the structure, to what it is today. (History of BMC). The Breslau Mennonite Cemetery was deeded to the church by Christian C. Snyder in The earliest burials are those of a father and son, Jacob and David Sherk, buried in August 1834 (Lake and Reynolds Genealogy, Breslau Mennonite (Cressman) Cemetery, Breslau, Waterloo, Ontario Canada). Today, the cemetery is separated into a north and south area separated by a path. The southern portion generally features older graves, while the northern portion closer to the church is more contemporary. Originally purchased as one acre, today the total property of the church and cemetery is three acres. The distance from the study area to the closest grave stone is approximately 25 metres. The Church Committee advised us that the area of the proposed development was an area below a significant slope in the past and that this entire area had been filled in during the late 20 th century. According to their information the cemetery never expanded into the area near to the proposed development. Lacking any corroborating documentation for this information, it was determined that testing of the area was till appropriate as a cautionary measure CURRENT CONDITIONS The study area is roughly 1 hectare in area. The present use of the study area is generally as unused lawn area of the much larger land holdings of the Breslau Mennonite Church. A small portion of paved parking lot extends into the area. Situated in the north of the study area is an asphalt area, the end of a neighbouring parking lot. The remainder of the study area is lawn which includes numerous planted trees. The study area is bounded on the north AMICK Consultants Limited Page 8

9 and west by residential, on the east by Woolwich Street South, and on the south by Breslau Mennonite Church. The study area is approximately 100 metres to the south of the intersection of the Andover Drive and Woolwich Street South. A plan of the study area is included within this report as Map 3. Current conditions encountered during the Stage 1-2 Property Assessment are illustrated in Maps SUMMARY OF HISTORICAL CONTEXT The Church property has expanded from one acre in 1832 to the present total land mass of 3 acres through the acquisition of lands throughout the 19 th and 20 th centuries. The current church structure was initially erected in 1880 with subsequent additions in the 20 th century. The original section of the current structure sits on land acquired in 1870 and the proposed development application encroaches on the border of the lands acquired in 1870 and previously in Although all of the known cemetery area is well away from the proposed limits of the development (i.e. 25 metres or more), Stage 3 Site-specific Assessment of the shared boundary between the church lands acquired in the 19 th century and the proposed development application was necessary to ensure that no unknown graves were situated within close proximity (15 feet) to any area of potential construction impacts. 5.3 ARCHAEOLOGICAL CONTEXT The Archaeological Sites Database administered by the Ministry of Tourism, Culture and Sport (MTCS) indicates that there is one (1) previously documented site within 1 kilometre of the study area. However, it must be noted that this is based on the assumption of the accuracy of information compiled from numerous researchers using different methodologies over many years. AMICK Consultants Limited assumes no responsibility for the accuracy of site descriptions, interpretations such as cultural affiliation, or location information derived from the Archaeological Sites Database administered by MTCS. In addition, it must also be noted that a lack of formerly documented sites does not indicate that there are no sites present as the documentation of any archaeological site is contingent upon prior research having been conducted within the study area. On the basis of information supplied by MTCS, no archaeological assessments have been conducted within 50 metres of the study area. AMICK Consultants Limited assumes no responsibility for the accuracy of previous assessments, interpretations such as cultural affiliation, or location information derived from the Archaeological Sites Database administered by MTCS. In addition, it must also be noted that the lack of formerly documented previous assessments does not indicate that no assessments have been conducted. Data contained in previous archaeological reports in close proximity to the study area that is relevant to Stage 1 Background Study is defined within the Standards and Guidelines for Consultant Archaeologists in Section Standard 4 as follows: AMICK Consultants Limited Page 9

10 Provide descriptions of previous archaeological fieldwork carried out within the limits of, or immediately adjacent to the project area, as documented by all available reports that include archaeological fieldwork carried out on the lands to be impacted by this project, or where reports document archaeological sites immediately adjacent (i.e., within 50 m) to those lands. (MTCS 2011: 126 Emphasis Added) In accordance with data supplied by MTCS for the purposes of completing this study, there are no previous reports detailing, archaeological fieldwork carried out on the lands to be impacted by this project, nor do any previous reports document known archaeological sites within 50 metres of the study area. However, AMICK Consultants Limited has completed a Stage 1-2 Archaeological Property Assessment for the proposed undertaking which does document previous archaeological fieldwork within the study area and does document known cultural heritage resources within the study area which do have cultural heritage value or interest (CHVI): the Breslau Mennonite Church and associated Breslau Mennonite Cemetery. The Standards and Guidelines for Consultant Archaeologists stipulates that the necessity to summarize the results of previous archaeological assessment reports, or to cite MTCS File Numbers in references to other archaeological reports, is reserved for reports that are directly relevant to the fieldwork and recommendations for the study area (S & Gs 7.5.7, Standard 2, MTC 2011: 125). This is further refined and elaborated upon in Section 7.5.8, Standards 4 & 5, MTC 2011: 4. Provide descriptions of previous archaeological fieldwork carried out within the limits of, or immediately adjacent to the project area, as documented by all available reports that include archaeological fieldwork carried out on the lands to be impacted by this project, or where reports document archaeological sites immediately adjacent (i.e., within 50m) to those lands. 5. If previous findings and recommendations are relevant to the current stage of work, provide the following: a. a brief summary of previous findings and recommendations b. documentation of any differences in the current work from the previously recommended work c. rationale for the differences from the previously recommended work (Emphasis Added) As a result of the Stage 2 Property Assessment of the study area, no archaeological resources were encountered. However, the study area is situated adjacent to the Breslau (Cressman) Mennonite Cemetery. Consequently, the following recommendations are made: 1. Stage 3 Site-Specific Assessment is required along the boundary of the study area that is shared with the cemetery known as the Breslau (Cressman) Mennonite Cemetery. The area where further study is needed is along the shared boundaries of parcels AMICK Consultants Limited Page 10

11 obtained by the church in 1850 and Areas of previous extensive deep disturbance as documented on the 1990 Landscape Architect s plan of the church property may be excluded from further study (Please refer to Maps 7 8 of this report) 2. Stage 3 Site-specific Assessment must be undertaken to ensure that the proposed undertaking does not encroach within 15 ft (in accordance with the Bereavement Authority of Ontario) of any below ground graves. This can only be verified with surety through mechanical removal of topsoil extending a minimum of 15 feet into the adjacent cemetery area to be retained. The minimum width of the corridor to be assessed is ten metres as indicated in Maps 7 & 8 of this report. 3. The Provincial interest in archaeological resources with respect to the remainder of the proposed undertaking has been addressed and these areas are clear of any archaeological concern. 4. No ground alteration of the study area is permitted until such time as the Stage 3 investigation is complete and the resulting report is accepted into the Provincial Registry of Archaeological Reports. (AMICK 2017: 3) For further details please refer to the previous archaeological assessment report which was prepared for the current proposed development application: AMICK Consultants Limited (2017) Stage 1-2 Archaeological Assessment of 226 Woolwich Street South, Part of Lot 115 German Company Tract (Geographic Township of Waterloo, County of Waterloo), City of Waterloo, Regional Municipality of Waterloo (AMICK File #17208/MTCS File #P ). Archaeological License Report on file with MTCS, Toronto. It must be further noted that there are no relevant plaques associated with the study area. However, the existing church structure that was first constructed in 1890 is a listed building within the Heritage Register for the Town of Woolwich PRE-CONTACT REGISTERED SITES A summary of registered and/or known archaeological sites within a 1-kilometre radius of the study area was gathered from the Archaeological Sites Database, administered by MTCS. As a result it was determined that one (1) archaeological site relating directly to Pre-contact habitation/activity had been formally registered within the immediate vicinity of the study area. However, the lack of formally documented archaeological sites does not mean that Precontact people did not use the area; it more likely reflects a lack of systematic archaeological research in the immediate vicinity. Even in cases where one or more assessments may have been conducted in close proximity to a proposed landscape alteration, an extensive area of physical archaeological assessment coverage is required throughout the region to produce a representative sample of all potentially available archaeological data in order to provide any meaningful evidence to construct a pattern of land use and settlement in the past. All previously registered Pre-contact sites are briefly described below in Table 1: AMICK Consultants Limited Page 11

12 TABLE 1 PRE-CONTACT SITES WITHIN 1KM Site Name Borden # Site Type Cultural Affiliation AiHc-292 Pre-Contact None of the above noted archaeological sites are situated within 300 metres of the study area. Therefore, they have no impact on determinations of archaeological potential for further archaeological resources related to Pre-contact activity and occupation with respect to the archaeological assessment of the proposed undertaking. Table 2 illustrates the chronological development of cultures within southern Ontario prior to the arrival of European cultures to the area at the beginning of the 17 th century. This general cultural outline is based on archaeological data and represents a synthesis and summary of research over a long period of time. It is necessarily generalizing and is not necessarily representative of the point of view of all researchers or stakeholders. It is offered here as a rough guideline and outline to illustrate the relationships of broad cultural groups and time periods. TABLE 2 PRE-CONTACT CULTURAL CHRONOLOGY FOR SOUTHERN ONTARIO Years ago Period Southern Ontario 250 Terminal Woodland Ontario and St. Lawrence Iroquois Cultures Initial Woodland Princess Point, Saugeen, Point Peninsula, and Meadowood Cultures Archaic Laurentian Culture Palaeo-Indian Plano and Clovis Cultures (Wright 1972) POST-CONTACT REGISTERED SITES A summary of registered and/or known archaeological sites within a 1-kilometre radius of the study area was gathered from the Archaeological Sites Database, administered by MTCS. As a result it was determined that no (0) archaeological sites relating directly to Post-contact habitation/activity had been formally registered within the immediate vicinity of the study area LOCATION AND CURRENT CONDITIONS AMICK Consultants Limited Page 12

13 The study area is described as 226 Woolwich Street South Part of Lot 115 German Co Tract (Geographic Township of Waterloo, County of Waterloo), City of Waterloo, Regional Municipality of Waterloo. This assessment was undertaken as a requirement under the Planning Act (RSO 1990b) and the Provincial Policy Statement (2014) in order to support a Zoning By-law Amendment application and subsequent Site Plan approval as part of the presubmission process.. The study area is roughly 1 hectare in area. The present use of the study area is generally as unused lawn area of the much larger land holdings of the Breslau Mennonite Church. A small portion of paved parking lot extends into the area. Situated in the north of the study area is an asphalt area, the end of a neighbouring parking lot. The remainder of the study area is lawn which includes numerous planted trees. The study area is bounded on the north and west by residential, on the east by Woolwich Street South, and on the south by Breslau Mennonite Church. The study area is approximately 100 metres to the south of the intersection of the Andover Drive and Woolwich Street South. A plan of the study area is included within this report as Map 3. Current conditions encountered during the Stage 1-2 Property Assessment are illustrated in Maps 4-6. The field conditions had not changed at the time of the commencement of the Stage 3 assessment. Stage 3 excavations were conducted under the field supervision of Michael Henry (P058) on 19 June The weather was sunny with clear skies. Visibility was excellent. No fieldwork was conducted in rain. Temperature varied between degrees Celsius. The Breslau Mennonite Church is a listed heritage structure within the Town of Woolwich Heritage Registry. The church was originally established in 1832 and has maintained an associated cemetery throughout the history of the church. The proposed development is located within the larger land holdings of the Breslau Mennonite Church and does encroach upon lands acquired in the 19 th century. The study area has been the subject of a previous Stage 1-2 Archaeological Assessment report prepared by AMICK Consultants Limited (AMICK 2017) under MTCS File #P The site is located on fairly level land reportedly consisting of fill and additional disturbances subsequent to the deposition of fill. However, without evidence to corroborate all of the reported disturbances in the immediate area, Stage 3 Site-specific Assessment was recommended to either verify that the area is sufficiently disturbed to obviate any concerns for graves in the area of proposed construction impacts, or to ascertain if there are any graves within the area of immediate concern (i.e. within 15 feet of the development application). 6.0 FIELD WORK METHODS This section of the report addresses Section of the 2011 Standards and Guidelines for Consultant Archaeologists. AMICK Consultants Limited Page 13

14 All Stage 3 fieldwork was conducted according to the archaeological fieldwork standards and guidelines as per Sections of the 2011 Standards and Guidelines for Consultant Archaeologists. All relevant reports of previous fieldwork within the property were reviewed prior to the Stage 3 assessment. The relevant Stage 1 and 2 archaeological assessment report (AMICK 2017) is discussed in greater detail above. As indicated above, the archaeological site assessment was conducted when weather and lighting conditions permitted good visibility of all parts of the archaeological site. No fieldwork was carried when weather and lighting conditions (e.g., snow cover, frozen ground, excessive rain or drought, heavy fog) reduced the ability to identify and document any part of the archaeological site. Based on the results of the Stage 1-2 Archaeological Property Assessment, Stage 3 Site- Specific Assessment was required along the boundary of the study area shared with the Breslau (Cressman) Mennonite Cemetery. Specifically, further study was deemed appropriate along the shared boundaries of parcels obtained by the church in 1850 and Areas of previous extensive deep disturbance as documented on the 1990 Landscape Architect s plan of the church property were deemed to have low potential due to deep prior disturbance (Please refer to Maps 7 8 of this report). Stage 3 Site-specific Assessment must be undertaken to ensure that the proposed undertaking does not encroach within 15 ft (in accordance with the Bereavement Authority of Ontario) of any below ground graves. This can only be verified with surety through mechanical removal of topsoil extending a minimum of 15 feet into the adjacent cemetery area to be retained. The Stage 3 Strategy was limited to mechanical removal of topsoil and fill overburden since there were no additional archaeological deposits identified near the surface of the area of concern. The entire area was not subject to topsoil stripping and removal of fill overburden when it became clear from the first trench placed inside the cemetery boundary that the area was extensively and deeply disturbed. This trench was extended to a length of twenty-five metres well inside the area of the former retention pond in order to verify continuous disturbance across this area. A second trench roughly 10 metres to the west and a third trench a further 10 metres west confirmed that the area was deeply disturbed across the whole area of the proposed Stage 3 study. No further work was necessary to achieve the objectives of the study. Three trenches measuring one metre in width were excavated to nearly 3 metres in depth without encountering any natural soil in any of the units. It was verified that the area of the reported retention pond is entirely disturbed and also that the area between the former retention pond and the southeast corner of the proposed development application is similarly disturbed and contains late 20 th century refuse such as plastics intermixed with demolition and construction debris deposited over a wide area as fill material. All three trenches as illustrated in Maps 5 & 6 were similarly composed of similar material to over two metres in depth. The area to be investigated based on the results of the Stage 1-2 archaeological assessment was staked out by the proponent in advance. Representative photographs of all field conditions and stratigraphy have been provided in the Images section of this report. AMICK Consultants Limited Page 14

15 7.0 RECORD OF FINDS The Stage 3 excavation within the Breslau Mennonite Church property did not result in the identification of any features of cultural heritage value or interest. While the deposition of demolition and construction debris within the late 20 th century does form a part of the history of land use within the property, this activity does not constitute a heritage feature or archaeological resource meriting further documentation. There were no unusual or unexpected findings. Table 11 below provides an inventory of the documentary record generated in the field during the Stage 3 assessment. All records, documentation, field notes, photographs and artifacts related to the conduct and findings of these investigations are held at the Lakelands District corporate offices of AMICK Consultants Limited until such time that they can be transferred to an agency or institution approved by the Ontario Ministry of Tourism, Culture & Sport (MTCS) on behalf of the government and citizens of Ontario. Document Type Field Notes Photographs Maps Table 11: Inventory of Documentary Record Description 1 page of written field notes detailing daily weather conditions, excavation results, field crew 27 digital photographs 1 hand drawn grid map on aerial image detailing placement of test units 8.0 ANALYSIS AND CONCLUSIONS The Stage 3 Site-specific Assessment of the Breslau Mennonite Church Cemetery boundary with the proposed development application was carried out to determine if there were any unmarked and unknown graves associated with the historic cemetery that were in close proximity to the area of the proposed development application. The assessment resulted in the excavation of three mechanically dug trenches. No features or archaeological evidence of potential CHVI were identified during trench excavation. Documentary evidence indicates that the church was first established in 1832 and that lands that are potentially subject to construction impacts through the proposed development, include areas acquired by the church in 1850 and Although the known cemetery area, as evidenced by the distribution of grave markers and by the existing cemetery plot plan indicate no graves within 25 metres of the proposed development application, it cannot be conclusively demonstrated without physical testing of the area that no graves were ever placed in close proximity to the proposed development lands. AMICK Consultants Limited Page 15

16 The evaluation of the level of cultural heritage value or interest of the assessed area is based on the Stage 3 assessment findings in relation to Table 3.2 of the 2011 Standards and Guidelines for Consultant Archaeologists. Indicators showing cultural heritage value or interest include the sites 1) information value, 2) value to a community, and 3) value as a public resource. Each of these is determined by a set of criteria. The information value is defined as how the archaeological site contributes to local, regional, provincial or national archaeological history. The community value is defined as the archaeological site s intrinsic value to a particular community or group. The value as a public resource is defined as how the site contributes to enhancing the public s understanding and appreciation of Ontario s past. The site is evaluated against set criteria outlined by Table 3.2 of the 2011 Standards and Guidelines for Consultant Archaeologists in Table 12 below: Table 9: Indicators Showing Cultural Heritage Value or Interest Information Value Criteria Indicators Cultural historical value Information from the site has no further potential to advance our understanding of the cultural history of the region Information from the site has no potential to advance our understanding of past human social organization at the family and household level Historical value The site is not associated with the earliest settlement of the township Integrity The site does not retain a high degree of original material Value to a community Criteria Indicators The site has traditional, social or No indicators religious value Value as a public resource Criteria Indicators The site has potential for public use for The site has no potential for public use education, recreation or tourism for education, recreation or tourism The Stage 3 Site-specific Assessment of the Breslau Mennonite Church lands within the area of proposed development indicates that this area retains no cultural heritage value or interest (CHVI). In conclusion, our evaluation of the cultural heritage value or interest of the site is based on several factors. The recovery of some modern artifacts (e.g. plastic) mixed with construction demolition and debris fill material indicates significant impacts to the integrity of the natural grade and soil within the area of investigation. The depth of fill material exceeding 2 metres in all areas tested illustrates that the original grade was below a significant slope to which this material was added or that the area has been disturbed to great AMICK Consultants Limited Page 16

17 depth. In either interpretation, it is concluded that there is no possibility of graves associated with the historic cemetery to be located within the area of concern with respect to the proposed development application. 9.0 RECOMMENDATIONS The Stage 3 Site-specific Assessment, together with the Stage 1-2 Property Assessment of the development application indicates that the lands to be potentially impacted contain no archaeological resources of cultural heritage value or interest, including graves. This report recommends 3. that Stage 4 Mitigation of Development Impacts is not required; 4. that any concerns with respect to archaeological resources for the proposed undertaking have been addressed ADVICE ON COMPLIANCE WITH LEGISLATION Section 7.5.9, Standard 1a This report is submitted to the Minister of Tourism and Culture as a condition of licensing in accordance with Part VI of the Ontario Heritage Act, R.S.O. 1990, c The report is reviewed to ensure that it complies with the standards and guidelines that are issued by the Minister, and that the archaeological fieldwork and report recommendations ensure the conservation, protection and preservation of the cultural heritage of Ontario. When all matters relating to archaeological sites within the project area of a development proposal have been addressed to the satisfaction of the Ministry of Tourism and Culture, a letter will be issued by the ministry stating that there are no further concerns with regard to alterations to archaeological sites by the proposed development. Section 7.5.9, Standard 1b It is an offence under Sections 48 and 69 of the Ontario Heritage Act for any party other than a licensed archaeologist to make any alteration to a known archaeological site or to remove any artifact or other physical evidence of past human use or activity from the site, until such time as a licensed archaeologist has completed archaeological fieldwork on the site, submitted a report to the Minister stating that the site has no further cultural heritage value or interest, and the report has been filed in the Ontario Public Register of Archaeological Reports referred to in Section 65.1 of the Ontario Heritage Act. Section 7.5.9, Standard 1c Should previously undocumented archaeological resources be discovered, they may be a new archaeological site and therefore subject to Section 48 (1) of the Ontario Heritage Act. The proponent or person discovering the archaeological resources must cease alteration of the site immediately and engage a licensed consultant archaeologist to carry out archaeological fieldwork, in compliance with Section 48 (1) of the Ontario Heritage Act. AMICK Consultants Limited Page 17

18 Section 7.5.9, Standard 1d The Cemeteries Act, R.S.O, 1990 c. C.4 and the Funeral, Burial and Cremation Services Act, 2002, S.O. 2002, c.33 (when proclaimed in force) require that any person discovering human remains must notify the police or coroner and the Registrar of Cemeteries at the Ministry of Consumer Services. Section 7.5.9, Standard 2 Not applicable AMICK Consultants Limited Page 18

19 11.0 BIBLIOGRAPHY AND SOURCES AMICK Consultants Limited (2017) Stage 1-2 Archaeological Assessment of 226 Woolwich Street South, Part of Lot 115 German Company Tract (Geographic Township of Waterloo, County of Waterloo), City of Waterloo, Regional Municipality of Waterloo (AMICK File #17208/MTCS File #P ). Archaeological License Report on file with MTCS, Toronto. Briethaupt, William Henry. (1927). History of Waterloo County. In Middleton, Jesse Edgar & Fred Landon (Eds.), A History 1615 to Dominion Publishing Company, Toronto. Breslau Mennonite Church. (2017). History of BMC. Retrieved 25 April 2017 from URL: Chapman, L.J. & D.F. Putnam. (1984). The Physiography of Southern Ontario (Third Edition). Ontario Geological Survey, Special Report #2. Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, Toronto. Goel, Tarun (2013). Road Construction: History and Procedure. Bright Hub Engineering. Retrieved 24 May 2015 from URL: Google Earth (Version ) [Software]. (2009). Available from Google Maps. (2012). Available from: =en&utm_source=enha-na-ca-bk-gm&utm_medium=ha&utm_term =google%20maps. Grobe, Peter J. (1990). Breslau Mennonite Church Landscape Plan. Grobe Nursery Ltd, Breslau, ON. James Fryett Architect Inc. (2017). Site Plan: Breslau Retirement Community 223 Woolwich Street S. Breslau. James Fryett Architect Inc., Elora. Kuhlmann, Stacy. (2017). Types of Soil. Diagram of Soil Types available from Lake and Reynolds Genealogy. (2017). Breslau Mennonite (Cressman) Cemetery, Breslau, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada. Retrieved 26 April 2017 from URL: Ontario Heritage Act, RSO 1990a, Government of Ontario. (Queen s Printer, Toronto). Ontario Heritage Amendment Act, SO 2005, Government of Ontario. (Queen s Printer, Toronto). Ontario Ministry of Citizenship, Culture and Recreation (OMCzCR). (1993). Archaeological Assessment Technical Guidelines, Stages 1-3 and Reporting Format. (Queen s Printer for Ontario 1993) AMICK Consultants Limited Page 19

20 Ontario Ministry of Culture (MCL). (2005). Conserving a Future for Our Past: Archaeology, Land Use Planning & Development in Ontario (An Educational Primer and Comprehensive Guide for Non-Specialists). (Heritage & Libraries Branch, Heritage Operations Unit: Toronto). Ontario Ministry of Culture and Communications (MCC) & Ministry of Environment (MOE). (1992). Guideline for Preparing the Cultural Heritage Resource Component of Environmental Assessments. (Cultural Programs Branch, Archaeology and Heritage Planning: Toronto). Ontario Ministry of Tourism and Culture (MTC). (2011). Standards and Guidelines for Consultant Archaeologist. (Programs and Services Branch: Culture Programs Unit, Toronto). Ontario Planning Act, RSO 1990b, Government of Ontario. (Queen s Printer, Toronto). Parsell, H., & Co. (1881). Illustrated Historical Atlas of Waterloo and Wellington Counties, Ontario. Walker & Miles, Toronto. Provincial Policy Statement (2014). Government of Ontario. (Queen s Printer, Toronto). Tremaine, George. (1861). Tremaine s Map of the County of Waterloo [map]. George Tremaine, Toronto. Retrieved January 23, 2017, from the Ontario Historical County Maps Project in association with University of Toronto Map and Data Library URL: Waterloo Regional Museum. (2017a). History of Waterloo Township. Retrieved April 6, 2017 from URL: (2017b). Breslau. Retrieved April 6, 2017 from URL: Wright, J.V. (1972). Ontario Prehistory: an Eleven-thousand-year Archaeological Outline. Archaeological Survey of Canada. National Museum of Man, Ottawa. AMICK Consultants Limited Page 20

21 12.0 MAPS MAP 1 LOCATION OF THE STUDY AREA (GOOGLE MAPS 2012) AMICK Consultants Limited Page 21

22 MAP 2 FACSIMILE SEGMENT OF TREMAINE S MAP OF THE COUNTY OF WATERLOO (Tremaine 1861) AMICK Consultants Limited Page 22

23 MAP 3 FACSIMILE SEGMENT OF THE HISTORIC ATLAS MAP OF THE TOWNSHIP OF WATERLOO (PARSELL, H., & CO. 1881) AMICK Consultants Limited Page 23

24 MAP 4 PLAN OF SURVEY (JAMES FRYETT ARCHITECT INC. 2017) AMICK Consultants Limited Page 24

25 MAP 5 DETAILED PLAN OF THE STUDY AREA AMICK Consultants Limited Page 25

26 MAP 6 DETAILED PLAN OF THE STUDY AREA AMICK Consultants Limited Page 26

27 MAP 7 COMPOSITE PROPERTY ASSEMBLY PLAN ILLUSTRATING THE PARCELS OF LAND AND DATES OF ACQUISITION AMICK Consultants Limited Page 27

28 MAP 8 SEGMENT OF THE LANDSCAPE ARCHITECT S 1990 PLAN (SHOWING LIMITS OF THE STUDY AREA, AREAS OF DEEP PRIOR DISTURBANCE AND AREA OF RECOMMENDED STAGE 3 MECHANICAL TOPSOIL REMOVAL) AMICK Consultants Limited Page 28

29 MAP 9 AERIAL PHOTO OF THE STUDY AREA (GOOGLE EARTH 2011) AMICK Consultants Limited Page 29

30 2017 Stage 3 Site-specific Assessment of the Breslau Mennonite Church Cemetery, located at 226 Woolwich 13.0 IMAGES IMAGE 1 VIEW TO NORTH SHOWING STAKED INVESTIGATION AREA IMAGE 2 VIEW SOUTH ALONG BOUNDARY WITH STORM DRAIN UNDER GRAVEL LANE IMAGE 3 IMAGE 4 EAST PROFILE OF TRENCH 1 SHOWING FILL DEPOSITS EXCAVATING TRENCH 1 IMAGE 5 EXPANSION OF TRENCH 1 INTO FORMER RETENTION POND AMICK Consultants Limited IMAGE 6 EXCAVATION OF TRENCH 2 Page 30

31 2017 Stage 3 Site-specific Assessment of the Breslau Mennonite Church Cemetery, located at 226 Woolwich IMAGE 7 EAST PROFILE OF TRENCH 2 SHOWING FILL DEPOSITS IMAGE 8 EXCAVATION OF TRENCH 3 IMAGE 9 EAST PROFILE OF TRENCH 2 SHOWING FILL DEPOSITS IMAGE 10 SURFACE CONDITIONS IN THE STAGE 3 INVESTIGATION AREA SHOWING FILL MATERIAL AND NO TOPSOIL AMICK Consultants Limited Page 31