CLIMATE CHANGE SOCIAL EQUITY ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT HUMAN HEALTH BIODIVERSITY

Transcription

1 SOCIAL EQUITY ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT HUMAN HEALTH CLIMATE CHANGE BIODIVERSITY FIGURE 1: Addressing Regional Challenges through Open Space Analysis and Planning Accelerated growth and development in the Puget Sound region has cumulated in an urgent need to address the critical regional challenges of biodiversity, human health, social equity, economic development, and climate change, possible through a robust green infrastructure system.

2 Strait of Juan de Fuca Stillaguamish Snohomish Kitsap Cedar- Sammamish SNOHOMISH COUNTY KING COUNTY KITSAP COUNTY PIERCE COUNTY Green-Duwamish Pacific Ocean Puyallup-White Nisqually FIGURE 2: Regional Open Space Study Area The Central Puget Sound region comprises eight major watersheds and four counties in the Greater Seattle Metropolitan Area, stretching from the mountain crests to the shorelines of Puget Sound and is expected to support million residents by 24.

3 Conserves, enhances and manages regional open space assets and systems that are resilient to distu rbances and can evolve over time VISION +VALUES FOSTERING REGIONAL COMMUNITY Recognizes the mutual interdependence of wilderness, rural and urban lands and the interface between people and the region s land resources and waterways Layers objectives to address ecological integrity, ecosystem services, MULTI- INTER- DEPENDENT FUNCTIONAL ROBUST + human health, resource conservation, & community vitality. Incorporates benefits of Open space systems into other efforts such as transportation, economic development & infrastructure Improves access for all citizens without degrading resources RESILIENT CONNECTED A CELEBRATED REGIONAL OPEN SPACE SYSTEM THAT IS ACCESSIBLE EQUITABLE + STEWARDED Connects and integrates open space assets in terms of physical access to landscape and habitat types, ecological relationships, rural to urban geographies, and human to natural realms DIVERSE + CONTEXTUAL COORDINATED Fosters a culture of stewardship with an appreciation of the value of regional open space Provides a variety of precious open spaces, marine and terrestrial landscape and ecosystem types, and functional systems tailored to different scales and community needs Improves cross-jurisdiction institutional coordination of open space efforts to address landscape scale objectives and upgrade the effectiveness of the system ECOSYSTEMS An interconnected network of public and private lands that represents the full suite of natural ecosystems and habitats of a size and character that maintains and enhances biodiversity; provides the essential benefits of nature and ecosystem services; and sustains the crucial ecological processes, structures, and functions upon which healthy ecosystems depend. COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT A complete, connected, diverse, financially viable, publicly embraced, and well managed open space system of appropriately scaled spaces that accommodates the needs of the environment and assures community health, personal well-being, and provides access for all members of the community regardless of their exact geographic location or income level. RURAL + RESOURCE LANDS A diverse and resilient landscape of rural and resource lands owned and operated by those that live in or are connected to the region. This landscape provides the food, resources, and ecosystem services we need; supports active resource-based economies; fosters rural communities; contributes to the identity and health of the region; and preserves our legacy for future generations. RECREATION + TRAILS A complete, context-sensitive, wellmanaged, and maintained system of land and water resources that promotes the full spectrum of human recreational activity, offering opportunities for all people, and contributing to the health and vitality of current and future generations. This system provides for the full continuum of communities urban to rural, alpine to marine, land and water. FIGURE 3: Defining Vision and Values of the Central Puget Sound Regional Open Space Strategy (ROSS) The ROSS initially convened over 1 stakeholders to lay the groundwork for a long-range strategy, defining a vision for a robust regional open space system that is diverse, connected, coordinated, resilient, multifunctional, equitably accessible, interdependent, and stewarded.

4 Iconic natural features and intimacy between natural and human settings establish the region s core identity and are important economic assets. A full range of wilderness ecosystems, including prairies and forested lowlands, are essential for retaining the region s biodiversity. Aquatic systems are essential for the region s ecological health which, in turn, is critical for the viability of human communities. OPEN SPACE SYSTEM Walkable neighborhoods with parks and recreation opportunities are necessary for human health. Parks, walkable streets, trees, green belts and other open space elements enhance the livability of urban communities, provide important green infrastructure functions, and encourage positive development. Resource lands supply a wealth of ecosystem services such as flood reduction, air and water purification, carbon sequestration, and recreation in addition to providing food, wood products, and jobs. Industrial estuaries provide substantial opportunities for ecological restoration along with more efficient shoreline use. For human and ecological health, aquatic systems requires continuity along the whole length and breadth of the watershed, including urban waterfronts. Regional trails, if connected to local neigborhoods and regional attractions, provide transportation, recreation, and human health functions as well as incentives for attracting new businesses. FIGURE 4: ROSS Preliminary Comprehensive Strategy The Preliminary Strategy called for an integrated spatial vision that measures and optimizes open space benefits, applying landscape ecology and ecosystem services concepts to guide decisionmaking and promote open space conservation values, from urban to rural to wild.

5 16 OPEN SPACE SERVICES AIR WATER WORK PLAY FOOD SHELTER HEALTH TRANSPORT ENERGY MATERIALS CULTURAL AESTHETIC WASTE DISASTER MITIGATION EDUCATION COMMUNITY AIR FOOD WATER SHELTER PLAY WORK TRANSPORT HEALTH ENERGY WASTE MATERIALS DISASTER AESTHETIC CULTURAL MITIGATION EDUCATION COMMUNITY UV Radiation Reduction Noise Reduction Air Temperature (Urban Heating) Carbon Storage Air Purification Non-attainment Areas Crops Seafood Meat/Game Urban Gardens Spices Seed Dist. Pollination Genetic Resources Genetic diversity Soil Fertility H2 Storage - Lumber AG H2 Storage - Minerals ID Drinking Water Habitat H2 Reg - Reduced Risk - Timing Heat H2 Reg - Reduced Risk - Conveyance Cold Reduction of loss from Projected 24 Inundation Areas Water Quality Reduction of loss from flooding Moderate storm water runoff Community Gardens Trails Gaps in Access to Parks Regional Trail Gaps Analysis Water-based Recreation Wide open space Recreation Timber Agriculture Seafood Ecotourism Nursery Real Estate Gov t - Reg Fish - Creeks Fish - Lakes Fish - Rivers Fish - Sound Fish - Ocean Transp - Boat Transp - Cargo Ppl - Trails Ppl - Parkway Ppl - Waterway Bird - Forest Bird - Canopy Bird - Wetland Medicinal Exercise Pest Control Therapeutic Mental Health Disease Control Genetic Resource Wellness Hydropower Biomass Fuel Wood Fuel Minerals Wind Power Decomposition Detoxification Filtration Fertilizer Stone Minerals Lumber Fibers Herbs Natural Products Carbon Stock Sequestration Flood Prevention Landslide Prevention Soil Erosion Soil Formation View Point View Shed Meaning Attachment Healing Therapy Ornamental Seafood Habitat Spices Inspiration Worship Space Historical Space Spiritual Space Intrinsic Future Place Meaning Attachment Viewshed Proximity to Nature Intrinsic Stewardship Governance Stewardship Social - Crime Social - Safety Social Equity Place Meaning Attachment Livable Cities Local Economies Active Living Safe Streets Bird - Waterway Healing/Therapy Animal - Forest Active Living Animal - Park Animal - Yards FIGURE : Defining Open Space Services We developed an Open Space Services framework based upon ecosystem services but broadened to more responsively incorporate cultural and social equity benefits to guide measurement of the values provided by farms, forests, urban parks and trails, and sustainable infrastructure.

6 $7,, $6,, $,, $4,, $3,, $2,, $1,, $2,263,7 $11,47,944 HIGH VALUE LOW VALUE TOTAL VALUE PER YEAR Waste Play Aesthetics Disaster Air Shelter Water Health Materials Food SERVICE HIGH LOW Waste Play Aesthetics Disaster Air Shelter Water Health Materials Food 4,68,983 4,132,67 9,9,713 4,194,473 29, ,47 1,92,347,32 1,93 86,472 4,34,31 2,633,343 2,293,97 1,86, ,23 73,984 62,6 41,168 23,279 12,87 FIGURE 6: The Value of the Region s Open Spaces The Planning Team modeled the current economic contribution of select Open Space Services, concluding that the 4-county region s open spaces contribute between $11. 4 and $2.2 billion to the economy annually, and are valued at approximately $82B.

7 REGIONAL TREE COVER REGIONAL LOW IMPERVIOUS CLIMATE INFORMED BLUEPRINT RIPARIAN CLIMATE CORRIDOR WETLAND GRASSLAND FOREST SERVICE HIGH $474.1 $77.19 $1.22 $398. $48.18 $3,89.71 $6, $36.37 $1,62.11 LOW $1,43.46 $1,84.7 $1,94.77 $3,89.71 $6, $1,29.1 $7, $4, $8,, $6,, $4,, $2,, $ FIGURE 7: Open Space Services Analysis Using the valuation, the ROSS team conducted economic analyses of open space services and return on investment of specific green infrastructure projects that were being considered for the Green-Y proposal, such as a levee setback for the Puyallup River.

8 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF RECREATIONAL ACTIVITIES u d n u Pu o d Snohomish River Watershed (WRIA 7) PLAY Pu ge t S n ge t S o Snohomish River Watershed (WRIA 7) Snohomish County King County Snohomish County King County o u n d u n d Pu o Snohomish River Watershed (WRIA 7) ¹ Pu ge t S ge t S Snohomish River Watershed (WRIA 7) Snohomish County King County ¹ Ecosystem Services Intensity Value 1 2 Snohomish County King County Ecosystem Services Intensity in Protected Open Space Lands in the Snohomish River Watershed (WRIA 7) Source: Giurgiulescu, Mihai and Graywolf Nattinger, Spatial Ecosystem Services Intensity Ecosystem Services Value Analysis ofintensity Ecosystem Service Intensity in the Snohomish Basin, in Protected Open Space Lands in the Snohomish River Watershed (WRIA 7) Washington, University of Washington, August 21. Additional data from King County, the Washington Department of Ecology, and Forterra. Source: Giurgiulescu, Mihai and Graywolf Nattinger, Spatial 2 Miles Analysis of Ecosystem Service Intensity in the Snohomish Basin, Washington, University of Washington, August 21. Additional data from King County, the Washington Department of Ecology, and Forterra. 1 3 ¹ 4 ¹ 6 Ecosystem Services Intensity Value Miles Ecosystem Services Intensity in Protected Open Space Lands in the Snohomish River Watershed (WRIA 7) Source: Giurgiulescu, Mihai and Graywolf Nattinger, Spatial Ecosystem Services Intensity Ecosystem Services Value Analysis ofintensity Ecosystem Service Intensity in the Snohomish Basin, in Protected Open Space Lands Washington, University of Washington, August 21. Additional data from King County, the Washington Department of Ecology, and Forterra. in the River Watershed (WRIA FIGURE 8: Snohomish Ecosystem Services in7)the Snohomish Watershed 1 Source: Giurgiulescu, Mihai and Graywolf Nattinger, Spatial 2 Miles Analysis of Ecosystem Service Intensity in the Snohomish Basin, The Snohomish Basin has 6, acres of regionally significant forest land. Based on high Washington, University of Washington, August 21. Additional data from King County, the Washington Department of Forterra. stakeholders, we consolidated and evaluated coordinated recreation-based interest Ecology, fromandlocal economic revitalization scenarios for open space benefits in the Snohomish watershed. 1 2 Miles

9 ELLIOTT BAY 1 Communities of Opportunity Green-Duwamish Watershed Boundary 1 River Mile Parks and Open Space Lakes Rivers & Streams Communities of Opportunity Lowest Decile Decile 2 Decile 3 Decile 4 Decile Decile 6 Decile 7 Decile 8 Decile 9 The King County Communities of Opportunity initiative is working in the 2% of census tracts that rank lowest on an index of the ten measures in the table below. This maps shows ranks for all census tracts available within the Green/Duwamish Watershed. Life Expectancy Adverse Childhood Experience Frequent Mental Distress Smoking Obesity Diabetes Preventable Hospitalizations Poor Housing Condition Low-Income (Below 2% Poverty) Unemployment Source: Data courtesy of the Puget Sound Regional Council, USGS, Washington State Department of Ecology, Washington State Department of Fish and Wildlife, and King County. Map produced for the Regional Open Space Strategy project, University of Washington College of Built Environments Green Futures Research and Design Lab, August 21. Filename: GDWS_11x17.mxd Measure Lowest Decile Highest Decile 74 Years 2% 14% 2% 33% 13% 1.% 8% 4% 13% 87 Years 9% 4% % 14% %.4% % 6% 3% Highest Decile 9/22/21 PUGET SOUND KING COUNTY PIERCE COUNTY Miles FIGURE 9: Equitable Access in the Green Duwamish Watershed In the Green-Duwamish watershed, a more inclusive and equitable planning process emerged as the most important need. This watershed strategy process focuses on coordinating across dozens of jurisdictional plans for more equitable access to open space.

10 Puyallup/White Water Resource Inventory Area (WRIA) #1 Geographically Linked Strategies GENERALIZED AREAS Lower Puyallup Green Core Federal Way Algona Tacoma Greater Rainier Conservation and Recreation Initiative Pacific Milton Fife White River Corridor Auburn White River Corridor Edgewood Sumner Puyallup WRIA1 Enumclaw Bonney Lake Buckley South Prairie Lower Puyallup Green Core Orting Wilkeson Carbonado Greater Rainier Conservation and Recreation Initiatives Miles Wa. Dept. of Ecology, GIS Technical Services 2/26/2 Figure 43. Geographically Linked Strategies 3 6 Land Use/Land Cover lc1a FIGURE 1: Puyallup-White Watershed Open Space Strateegy: Synthesized Proposals 8 The Green-Y Core is one of the three integrative strategies from the Puyallup-White WOSS which WATERSHED OPEN SPACE STRATEGY / PUYALLUP-WHITE combines proposals to retain remaining farmlands, improve the river s ecological functions, connect regional multi-purpose trails and give equitable access to parks and open space.

11 FIGURE 11: Regulatory Analyses To advance implementation of proposed action items, further planning analysis focused on the regulatory challenges and opportunities associated with maintaining and enhancing forestry and agricultural resource lands in the fast-urbanizing Green-Y area of the Puyallup-White watershed.

12 !( Critical Shoreline Restoration Project Integrated Shoreline Restoration Protection of Riparian Corridors (Purchase or Agreement) Rivers Fish, Flood, and Farm Protection with Recreation and Wildlife Focus Scenic River Designation Opportunity (Sky to Sound) Need for Recreational Public Water Access Need for Forest Management for Climate Change Concerns Land Use Measures to Protet Aquatic Functions Economic Development Opportunities Communities of Opportunity (Lowest Decile Ranking) Pierce County Biodiversity Network Roads Existing Trails Improvements to Trails with Missing Links Proposed New Trails or Trail Connections Surface Water (Including Puget Sound, Lakes, and Rivers) Agricultural Land Cover Wilderness Areas, Protected Areas, and Parks Public Land Uses Private Land Uses (Devoted Primarily to Growing and Harvesting) Urban Areas Rural Areas CD-7 T-8 CD-11 T-7 T-6 CD-2 T-9 CD-8 CD-3 CD-1 T- T-4 T-2 T-3 T-3 CD-6!( T-1 CD-1 CD-2 CD- CD Miles T Miles Improvements to trails with missing links Proposed new trails or connections Existing Trails Recreational Opportunities Sky to Sound and Scenic River Designation T-9 T-1: Connect Green River Trail and Cedar River Trail near and in Renton. T-2: Connect Green River Trail. East Lake Washington Trail and the Cedar River Trail near and in Renton. T-3: Continue constructing the Mountain To Sound Greenway Trail across Bellevue to and other missing sections. T-4: Continue constructing the Eastside Trail. T-: Construct MTS missing link around Beacon Hill and industrial area. T-6: Connect the Centennial Trail to the Snoqualmie Valley Trail. T-7: Complete missing links in the North Interurban Trail to connect Everett and Seattle. T-8: Connect the Centennial Trail to the Snoqualmie Valley Trail from Snohomish to Monroe. T-9: Connecting Arlington to Darlington. CD-9 A Miles Areas with lower access to health and recreation assets Areas where open space can be used as an economic asset Opportunity for an unique recreational resource CD-1 CD-4 CD-1: Address the open space deficiencies and health impacts in the lower Green River Valley. CD-2: Identify strategies for providing open spaces and recreation resources in rapidly growing communities, CD-3: Provide community open spaces near the Highway 99 corridor in Snohomish County. CD-4: Establish a "Greater Rainer" Coalition. CD-: Establish a Snoqualmie Valley Coalition. CD-6: Utilize the Scenic River Designation along this stretch of the Skykomish and finalize the Sky to Sound water trail. CD-7: Establish a Stillaguamish Valley coalition. CD-8: Build on the open space resources in the Hansville/Kingston/Port Gamble vicinity as a regional recreational and scenic amenity attractions along that corridor. CD-9: Establish a "Hanging Gardens" Park in the Green River Gorge between Flaming Geyser Park and Kanaskat-Palmer State Parks. CD-1: Incorporate agriculture and tourism in appropriate ways. CD-11: Establish more recreational water access opportunities. CD-12: Establish a "Snoqualmie Crossroads" with wildlife corridors, local trail connections, and heightened recreational capacity. 3. Miles Areas Identified as Having Significant Habitat Value Areas Identified as Having Significant Habitat Value Outside Public Lands (B1) Priority Habitat Areas on Public Lands (B1) Areas with Specific Conservation Action Identified B-6 B-2 B- B-4 B-3 B-1: Initiate a region-wide update/synthesis of existing biodiversity assessments to identify the most ecologically important areas, the relative threat to each, and the priority actions. B-2: Support the Pierce County Biodiversity Alliance efforts to implement the Lower White River Biodiversity Management Area Stewardship Plan. B-3: Support King County s efforts to acquire and manage the Bass Lake complex. B-4: Snoqualmie Crossroads - Establish wildlife corridors and fish habitat restoration. B-: Lower Snoqualmie Heritage Corridor - Fish restoration B-6: Critical riparian habitat protection area A Miles Flood Hazard and Stormwater Management Shoreline Restoration Stream Protection or Purchase Land Use Measures to Improve Aquatic Systems Rivers A-13 A-4 A-3 A-9 A-1 A- A-6 A-2 A-7 A-12 A-8 A-11 A-1: Continue efforts to construct setback levee(s) with shoreline restoration in lower Puyallup River. A-2: Protect the White River Corridor. A-3: Coordinate the numerous shoreline restoration projects on the Duwamish and Lower Green River. A-4: Coordinate stormwater management, flood surge protection and environmental enhancement efforts in the Duwamish and Lower Green Rivers. A-: Restore the lower Green River while upgrading the levees in the Kent Valley. A-6: Take land use and environmental management steps to protect water quality and habitat in the Soos Creek basin. A-7: Address development impacts to water quality around Black Diamond. A-8: Work with farmers in the Newaukum Creek basin to identify watershed friendly field drainage techniques. A-9: Restore the lower Cedar River shoreline. A-1: Take land use steps in uplands to maintain high water quality along the Cedar River. A-11: Snoqualmie Crossroads - Manage for fish habitat and flood control. A-12- Lower Snoqualmie Heritage Corridor - Manage for fish habitat and flood control. A-13: Critical riparian conservation area. FIGURE 12: Regional Strategies and Priority Actions Working between watershed and regional scales, the Team employed GIS data, planning documents, interviews and workshops with experts to identify the most important landscapes to conserve and enhance. Recommended actions address agriculture, forests, recreation, community, trails and habitat.

13 FIGURE 13: Communicating a Regional Vision The ROSS team utilized video and 3-D modelling at the regional level to show how the green infrastructure system can address interconnected priorities. The narrative, rather than prescriptive, approach to a regional vision enabled collaboration between planning efforts.

14 FIGURE 14: Ecosystem Service Planning Tool Development The ROSS team and partners created a prototype online GIS tool to model the capacity of open space conservation and enhancement scenarios to confront identified regional challenges. The completed interactive tool will be available in the coming year.

15 Federal $ New Relationship Puget Sound Partnership State $ New Non-Profit Foundation Watersheds of Central Puget Sound $$ New connection between local government and WRIA planning Feds Puget Sound Regional Council Local Priorities Regional Priorities $$ New Relationship Existing Relationship Local Government Comp Plan Process Existing Relationship Existing Non- Governmental Organizations 1 New Relationship New Non-Profit Coordinating Alliance Farmers, Land Owners, Businesses, Tribal Nations, NGOs, Foresters, Governments Federal, State, PSP, PSRC, Counties, Cities Kitsap County and Cities Pierce County and Cities King County and Cities Snohomish County and Cities FIGURE 1: Regional Governance and Funding The ROSS team worked with governmental and NGO leaders to craft an organizational strategy to expand, fund and implement the regional green infrastructure system, working in both sectors to coordinate open space and land use decisions across jurisdictional boundaries.