History of the American Preservation Movement Part Two

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History of the American Preservation Movement Part Two Prof. David R. Mertz Program Chair Building Preservation/Restoration Department Belmont College St. Clairsville, OH

1906 Antiquities Act Major Legislation (1 st half of 20 th Century)

Major Legislation (1 st half of 20 th Century) 1916 National Park Service Established

Grand Teton National Park Great Bend National Park

Major Legislation (1 st half of 20 th Century) 1935 Historic Sites Building Act

Historic American Building Survey

Wakefield The Saga of Washington s Birthplace

Josephine Wheelwright Rust

The Concept of Land Use Laws 1931 Charleston, SC passes preservation zoning ordinance 1936 New Orleans passes legislation authorizing the Vieux Carre Commission to preserve the architectural and historical value through architectural controls and tax exemptions.

1949 - The National Trust for Historic Preservation

The Modern Preservation Movement

With Heritage So Rich

1966 Historic Preservation Act 1. Created National Register of Historic Places

1966 Historic Preservation Act 1. Created National Register of Historic Places 2. Created State Historic Preservation Offices

1966 Historic Preservation Act 1. Created National Register of Historic Places 2. Created State Historic Preservation Offices 3. Created Advisory Council on Historic Preservation

1966 Historic Preservation Act 1. Created National Register of Historic Places 2. Created State Historic Preservation Offices 3. Created Advisory Council on Historic Preservation 4. Established Section 106 Review

Language of Preservation 1. Preservation: Maintaining the property in the same condition as when it is acquired.

Language of Preservation 1. Preservation 2. Conservation: Intervention to preserve structural integrity

Language of Preservation 1. Preservation 2. Conservation 3. Restoration: To take the property back to a specific time in its history.

Language of Preservation 1. Preservation 2. Conservation 3. Restoration 4. Adaptive Use: Using the property for something other than what it was originally designed for.

Language of Preservation 1. Preservation 2. Conservation 3. Restoration 4. Adaptive Use 5. Replication: The duplication of something that is currently in existence.

Language of Preservation 1. Preservation 2. Conservation 3. Restoration 4. Adaptive Use 5. Replication 6. Relocation: Moving an object item from its original site in order to save it.

Language of Preservation 1. Preservation 2. Conservation 3. Restoration 4. Adaptive Use 5. Replication 6. Relocation 7. Recreation: The creation of a new building or item designed to match something that is no longer in existence.

Language of Preservation 8. Rehabilitation: The upgrading of a property to prolong its use

Language of Preservation 8. Rehabilitation: The upgrading of a property to prolong its use 9. Remuddling: Inappropriate work on a building that diminishes or destroy its historic and architectural value.

The Secretary of Interior s Standards for Rehabilitation 1. A property shall be used for its historic purpose or be placed in a new use that requires minimal change to the defining characteristics of the building and its site and environment.

The Secretary of Interior s Standards for Rehabilitation 1. A property shall be used for its historic purpose or be placed in a new use that requires minimal change to the defining characteristics of the building and its site and environment. 2. The historic character of a property shall be retained and preserved. The removal of historic materials or alteration of features and spaces that characterize a property shall be avoided.

The Secretary of Interior s Standards for Rehabilitation 1. A property shall be used for its historic purpose or be placed in a new use that requires minimal change to the defining characteristics of the building and its site and environment. 2. The historic character of a property shall be retained and preserved. The removal of historic materials or alteration of features and spaces that characterize a property shall be avoided. 3. Each property shall be recognized as a physical record of its time, place, and use. Changes that create a false sense of historical development, such as adding conjectural features or architectural elements from other buildings, shall not be undertaken.

The Secretary of Interior s Standards for Rehabilitation 1. A property shall be used for its historic purpose or be placed in a new use that requires minimal change to the defining characteristics of the building and its site and environment. 2. The historic character of a property shall be retained and preserved. The removal of historic materials or alteration of features and spaces that characterize a property shall be avoided. 3. Each property shall be recognized as a physical record of its time, place, and use. Changes that create a false sense of historical development, such as adding conjectural features or architectural elements from other buildings, shall not be undertaken. 4. Most properties change over time; those changes that have acquired historic significance in their own right shall be retained and preserved.

The Secretary of Interior s Standards for Rehabilitation 1. A property shall be used for its historic purpose or be placed in a new use that requires minimal change to the defining characteristics of the building and its site and environment. 2. The historic character of a property shall be retained and preserved. The removal of historic materials or alteration of features and spaces that characterize a property shall be avoided. 3. Each property shall be recognized as a physical record of its time, place, and use. Changes that create a false sense of historical development, such as adding conjectural features or architectural elements from other buildings, shall not be undertaken. 4. Most properties change over time; those changes that have acquired historic significance in their own right shall be retained and preserved. 5. Distinctive features, finishes, and construction techniques or examples of craftsmanship that characterize a property shall be preserved.

6. Deteriorated historic features shall be repaired rather than replaced. Where the severity of deterioration requires replacement of a distinctive feature, the new feature shall match the old in design, color, texture, and other visual qualities and, where possible materials. Replacement of missing features shall be substantiated by documentary, physical, or pictorial evidence.

6. Deteriorated historic features shall be repaired rather than replaced. Where the severity of deterioration requires replacement of a distinctive feature, the new feature shall match the old in design, color, texture, and other visual qualities and, where possible materials. Replacement of missing features shall be substantiated by documentary, physical, or pictorial evidence. 7. Chemical or physical treatments, such as sandblasting, that cause damage to historical materials shall not be used. The surface cleaning of structures, if appropriate, shall be undertaken using the gentlest means possible.

6. Deteriorated historic features shall be repaired rather than replaced. Where the severity of deterioration requires replacement of a distinctive feature, the new feature shall match the old in design, color, texture, and other visual qualities and, where possible materials. Replacement of missing features shall be substantiated by documentary, physical, or pictorial evidence. 7. Chemical or physical treatments, such as sandblasting, that cause damage to historical materials shall not be used. The surface cleaning of structures, if appropriate, shall be undertaken using the gentlest means possible. 8. Significant archaeological resources affected by a project shall be protected and preserved. If such resources must be disturbed, mitigation measures shall be undertaken.

6. Deteriorated historic features shall be repaired rather than replaced. Where the severity of deterioration requires replacement of a distinctive feature, the new feature shall match the old in design, color, texture, and other visual qualities and, where possible materials. Replacement of missing features shall be substantiated by documentary, physical, or pictorial evidence. 7. Chemical or physical treatments, such as sandblasting, that cause damage to historical materials shall not be used. The surface cleaning of structures, if appropriate, shall be undertaken using the gentlest means possible. 8. Significant archaeological resources affected by a project shall be protected and preserved. If such resources must be disturbed, mitigation measures shall be undertaken. 9. New additions, exterior alterations, or related new construction shall not destroy historic materials that characterize the property. The new work shall be differentiated from the old and shall be compatible with the missing, size, scale, and architectural features to protect the historic integrity of the property and its environment.

6. Deteriorated historic features shall be repaired rather than replaced. Where the severity of deterioration requires replacement of a distinctive feature, the new feature shall match the old in design, color, texture, and other visual qualities and, where possible materials. Replacement of missing features shall be substantiated by documentary, physical, or pictorial evidence. 7. Chemical or physical treatments, such as sandblasting, that cause damage to historical materials shall not be used. The surface cleaning of structures, if appropriate, shall be undertaken using the gentlest means possible. 8. Significant archaeological resources affected by a project shall be protected and preserved. If such resources must be disturbed, mitigation measures shall be undertaken. 9. New additions, exterior alterations, or related new construction shall not destroy historic materials that characterize the property. The new work shall be differentiated from the old and shall be compatible with the missing, size, scale, and architectural features to protect the historic integrity of the property and its environment. 10. New additions and adjacent or related new construction shall be undertaken in such a manner that if removed in the future, the essential form and integrity of the historic property and its environment would be unimpaired.

Education 1964 Columbia University s School of Architecture inaugurates the first graduate course in historic preservation.

Education 1964 Columbia University s School of Architecture inaugurates the first graduate course in historic preservation. 1968 - Whitehill Report

Education 1964 Columbia University s School of Architecture inaugurates the first graduate course in historic preservation. 1968 - Whitehill Report 1973 Old House Journal commences publication.

Education 1964 Columbia University s School of Architecture inaugurates the first graduate course in historic preservation. 1968 - Whitehill Report 1973 Old House Journal commences publication. 1978 National Council for Preservation Education is founded.

Penn Central vs. the City of New York

Penn Central vs. the City of New York

Penn Central vs. the City of New York

1976 The National Main Street Project is initiated.

Tax Reform Act of 1976

New Construction Preservation

3 Signs of a Successful Community 1. Best use of water.

3 Signs of a Successful Community 1. Best use of water. 2. Children playing in the streets.

3 Signs of a Successful Community 1. Best use of water. 2. Children playing in the streets. 3. Investment in the arts.

Diversity

Focusing on Special Situations 1. Town and Gown

Focusing on Special Situations 1. Town and Gown 2. Barn Again!

Focusing on Special Situations 1. Town and Gown 2. Barn Again! 3. Battlefield Preservation

Focusing on Special Situations 1. Town and Gown 2. Barn Again! 3. Battlefield Preservation 4. Historic Churches (Inspired Partnerships)

Focusing on Special Situations 1. Town and Gown 2. Barn Again! 3. Battlefield Preservation 4. Churches (Inspired Partnerships) 5. Traditional Trades

Belmont Students hard at work.

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