CO 2, CH 4 and CO Observa0ons from CrIS on S-NPP and JPSS-1

CO 2, CH 4 and CO Observa0ons from CrIS on S-NPP and JPSS-1 Xiaozhen (Shawn) Xiong 1,2, Lihang Zhou 2 Antonia Gambacorta 1,3, Nick Nalli 1,2, Changyi Tan 1,2 Flavio Iturbide-Sanchez 1,2, Kexing Zhang 1,2 Prabir Patra 4 1 IMSG Inc. 2 NOAA/NESDIS/STAR 3 STC Inc 4 Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Japan 13 th IWGGMS, Helsinki, Finland, June 6-8, 2017 1

Introduction Outline Cross-track Infrared Sounder (CrIS) full spectrum resolution data on S-NPP (since 12/4/2014-) and JPSS-1; NOAA Unique Combined Atmospheric Processing system (NUCAPS) ; CO 2, CH 4 and CO Retrievals from CrIS and Preliminary Validation CO 2, CH 4 and CO Distribution and DOFs; CH 4 from CrIS Compared with AIRS and JAMSTC Model; xco2, xch4 and xco Comparison with TCCON network data; CO from CrIS Compared with MOPITT; Application Examples Example 1: Monitoring the CO plume from 2016 Fort McMurray wildfire; Example 2: Monitoring the CO plume from Indonesia Fires (9/20-11/8, 2015); Example 3: Monitoring the leakage of CH 4 from California Aliso Canyon Oil Field and Gas Storage Facility; Summary and Future works 2

Cross-track Infrared Sounder (CrIS) on S-NPP and JPSS-1 Soumi Na0onal Polar-orbit partnership (S-NPP) Joint Polar Satellite System (JPSS) NOAA IDPS Processing March, 2012 Normal mode SDRs Beginning S-NPP CrIS mission NOAA STAR offline processing FSR data is generated from IDPS Since March 8, 2017, and history data back to 12/4/2014 can be obtained from STAR Dec. 4, 2014 Normal mode SDRs FSR mode SDRs S-NPP CrIS switched to FSR mode CrIS started to operate in the full spectral resolu0on (FSR) mode since Dec. 4, 2014, with spectral resolu0on of 0.625 cm -1 for all three bands, thus has 2211 channels as compared to 1305 channels in normal mode; JPSS-1 is proposed to launch on September 21, 2017, only in FSR mode; 3

Cross-track Infrared Sounder (CrIS) on S-NPP and JPSS-1 CrIS on Suomi NPP ±50 Cross track Scans RDR = Raw Data Record SDR = Sensor Data Record EDR = Environmental Data Record RDRs RDRs 30 Earth Scenes Ground Station Decode SpacecraK Data Interferograms SDRs 2,200 km Swath CH 4 2X CO Co-Located ATMS SDRs 4X CO 2 CrIS SDR Algorithm NWP, EDR ApplicaJons Calibrated / Geolocated Spectra EDRs Global Temperature, Moisture, Pressure Profiles 4

Requirements of Trace Gases Products from CrIS Ozone EDR A`ribute CO CO CO 2 CH 4 VerJcal Coverage Total Column Total Column Total Column Horizontal ResoluJon 100 km 100 km 100 km Methane Mapping Uncertainty, 3 sigma CO2 25 km 25 km 25 km 5600 m 5800 m Measurement Range 5600 m 5800 m 0 200 ppbv 300 500 ppmv 1100 2250 ppbv 5800 5600 m 5400 m Measurement Precision 5800 5600 m 5400 m 15% 0.5% (2 ppmv) 1% (~20 ppbv) Measurement Accuracy ppm ±5% ±1% (4 ppmv) ±4% (~80 ppbv) 5 Refresh 24 h 24 h 24 h Note 5

Do retrievals on clear and partial cloudy scences using cloud-cleared radiances NUCAPS uses separate channel sets to solve T, q, then trace gases sequentially MIT Climatological First Guess for all products Microwave Physical for T(p), q(p), LIQ(p), ε(f) Initial Cloud Clearing, η j, R ccr IR Physical T s, ε(ν), ρ(ν) IR Physical T(p) IR Physical q(p) IR Physical O 3 (p) IR Physical CO(p) IR Physical HNO 3 (p) IR Physical CH 4 (p) IR Physical CO 2 (p) IR Regression for Ts, ε(ν), T(p), q(p) Final Cloud Clearing, η j, R ccr IR Physical N 2 O(p) FG IR Physical T s, ε(ν), ρ(ν) Improved Cloud Clearing, η j, R ccr CCR IR Physical T s, ε(ν), ρ(ν) IR Physical T(p) RET Note: Physical retrieval steps that are repeated always use same startup for that product, but it uses retrieval products and error estimates from all other retrievals. 6

Introduction Outline Cross-track Infrared Sounder (CrIS) full spectrum resolution data on S-NPP (since 12/4/2014-) and JPSS-1; NOAA Unique Combined Atmospheric Processing system (NUCAPS) ; CO 2, CH 4 and CO Retrievals from CrIS and Preliminary Validation CO 2, CH 4 and CO Distribution and DOFs; CH 4 from CrIS Compared with AIRS and JAMSTC Model; xco2, xch4 and xco Comparison with TCCON network data; CO from CrIS Compared with MOPITT; Application Examples Example 1: Monitoring the CO plume from 2016 Fort McMurray wildfire; Example 2: Monitoring the CO plume from Indonesia Fires (9/20-11/8, 2015); Example 3: Monitoring the leakage of CH 4 from California Aliso Canyon Oil Field and Gas Storage Facility; Summary and Future works 7

Degrees of Freedom, Averaging Kernels Major sensi0vi0es are in the mid-upper troposphere; Sensi0vi0es in the polar are lower than tropics and midla0tude 8

V2.0 CrIS Comparison of CrIS CH 4 with model data Model V2.0 Difference from model Yields < 30 ppb 48.7 % < 60 ppb 73.4 % >100 ppb (outliers?) 1.2 % NUCAPS Retrieval +4% -4%

CrIS vs AIRS CH 4 CrIS CH 4 @ 515hPa Total amounts from AIRS CrIS CH4 AIRS CH 4 10

Comparison of CrIS xco/xco 2 /xch 4 with TCCON Measurements CH 4 CO Data of 10 days is used; TCCON data is averaged within 1 hours of satellite over pass; Satellite data within 200 km is averaged; CO 2 11

Introduction Outline Cross-track Infrared Sounder (CrIS) full spectrum resolution data on S-NPP (since 12/4/2014-) and JPSS-1; NOAA Unique Combined Atmospheric Processing system (NUCAPS) ; CO 2, CH 4 and CO Retrievals from CrIS and Preliminary Validation CO 2, CH 4 and CO Distribution and DOFs; CH 4 from CrIS Compared with AIRS and JAMSTC Model; xco2, xch4 and xco Comparison with TCCON network data; CO from CrIS Compared with MOPITT; Application Examples Example 1: Monitoring the CO plume from 2016 Fort McMurray wildfire; Example 2: Monitoring the CO plume from Indonesia Fires (9/20-11/8, 2015); Preliminary, as we are in the final testing and preparation for delivery to operation Example 3: Monitoring the leakage of CH 4 from California Aliso Canyon Oil Field and Gas Storage Facility; Summary and Future works 12

Example 1: 2016 Fort McMurray Wildfire Huff and Kondragunta, EOS, V98, 6, 2017 Wildfire Smoke map, 4:30 p.m. May 8, 2016, from Weatherunderground, MODIS/Aqua captured smoke from the Ft. McMurray wildfire and other Canadian wildfires billowing across the AtlanJc Ocean.

Example 2: Fires in Indonesia (9/20-11/8,2015) Total amounts Brownish-gray smoke obscured the island of Borneo from MODIS in October 19, 2015. Image from 14 NASA Earth Observatory.

Example 3: Largest leakage in U.S. history Aliso Canyon Gas Leakage (10/23/2015-2/18/2016) Surface Measurements

Can CrIS Capture the Leakage of CH 4? Night 0me is larger 16

Summary 1. Similar CO 2, CO and CH 4 products as AIRS/IASI will be generated near real time using CrIS full spectrum data (FSR), and history data from December 4, 2014 will processed at STAR. 2. The major advantage for infrared sensors is their better coverage in day, night and polar regions. Its major sensitivity in the mid-upper troposphere plus this good global coverage make it easier to measure the transport on daily basis; 3. The examples show some promising results to use thermal sensors to observe the CO plume from wildfires, and the possibility to capture the CH 4 leakage from Aliso Canyon Oil Field and Gas Storage Facility in California., We have extremely good yield but be`er quality control (QC) is required. 4. A combination of AIRS, IASI and CrIS will be able to make a long term (of at least two decades) infrared observations of CO 2, CO, CH 4 and more gases; 17

Future works p After NUCAPS/CrIS becomes operational, we will focus on validation using: (1) More aircraft measurements; (2) cross validation with other satellites (OCO-2, GOSAT, TanSAT ) ; (3) TCCON, NDACC; (4) other models; p p More study and implement the Quality Control. We will welcome more collaboration to share, check and use these products; Xiaozhen.Xiong@noaa.gov 18

Xiaozhen.Xiong@noaa.gov 19

Comparison of CH 4 from AIRS, IASI and CrIS (20160508, @515hPa) AIRS IASI-A IASI-B CrIS 20

Comparison of CO plume from AIRS, IASI and CrIS (20160508, @515hPa) AIRS IASI-A CrIS IASI-B 21