Refrigerant Sustainable Future IZW e.v. Technische Universität Dresden

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1 Language: Sprache: When Where Target groups Content IZW e.v. Technische Universität Dresden Lectures in English language Vorträge in englischer Sprache Tuesday 10:00 a.m. - 12:30 p.m. CCN East Room Istanbul Änderungen vorbehalten Subject to change Engineering, marketing and sales personnel in industry & craft trades, manufactures, decision makers, authorities, NGOs Low Global Warming Potential Refrigerants for AC, HP & Refrigeration Chair Prof. Dr.-Ing. Ullrich Hesse Technische Universität Dresden Ablauf Timetable Link to the summary 10:00 a.m. Introduction 10:20 a.m. 10:40 a.m. Synthetic and Natural Refrigeration Fluids: Recent Developments Demonstration project for R290 room airconditioners at Gree Electric Appliances, Inc. Reduction of HCFC in China and Alternative Refrigerant 11:00 a.m. Coffee Break Prof. Dr.-Ing. Ullrich Hesse Technische Universität Dresden Tim G.A. Vink, Paul Sanders Honeywell Jürgen Usinger Consultant for GTZ Proklima Fan Gao Ding China Refrigeration and Air- Conditioning Industry Association 11:30 a.m. 11:50 a.m. 12:10 p.m. Refrigerants for Stationary Air- Conditioners and Heat Pumps U Development and Evaluation of High performance, low GWP Refrigerants for AC and refrigeration Safe & Environmental friendly refrigeration and refrigerants Shigeharu Taira Tadafumi Mikoshi Daikin Industries, Japan Dr.-Ing. Frank Rinne DuPont de Nemours GmbH Christophe Maldémé ARKEMA, France 2 Status :00

2 Synthetic and Natural Refrigeration Fluids: Recent Developments Tim G.A. Vink, Paul Sanders Honeywell Haasrode Research Park B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium Honeywell embarked on an extensive research program to identify fourth generation fluorocarbon chemistry that would incorporate the desired environmental properties, that is, low global warming potential (GWP) with respect to climate change, while maintaining desirable properties, avoiding toxicity, stability and compatibility issues, while at the same time achieving high performance characteristics. A new low-gwp platform based on hydrofluoro olefin (HFO) technology has been developed. Among the compounds discovered by Honeywell, HFO-1234yf has emerged as a new low global warming refrigerant (GWP=4) that is essentially a drop-in replacement for most systems currently designed for R134A and has been selected as the refrigerant of choice for a sustainable and global solution for automotive air conditioning. Another low GWP molecule HFO1234ze (E) has been identified and is currently commercialized by Honeywell as a blowing-agent for one-component foam and as an aerosol propellant. It has also potential for refrigeration applications. It is a highly energy efficient HFO molecule, with a GWP of only 6. HFO technology offers significant promise as a result of its energy efficiency, environmental benefits, safety and overall effectiveness. HFO-1234yf and HFO-1234ze(E) may have potential in applications such as small commercial and residential refrigeration systems where low global warming refrigerants are needed to meet current and future climate regulations. This paper will discuss legislative landscape for refrigerants along with the technology progress and environmental considerations. Keywords: Low Global Warming Potential Refrigerants; HFO; 1234yf; 1234ze HUU

3 Demonstration project for R290 room air-conditioners at Gree Electric Appliances, Inc. Jürgen Usinger Consultant for GTZ Proklima Zum Talblick 2 D Glashuetten juergen.usinger@proklima.net Room air-conditioning systems in China contain hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) as refrigerant gas. This is the main source of ozone- and climate-damaging HCFC emissions in China which totals 260 million tonnes of CO2-equivalent emissions per year. The air conditioning sector is a fast growing sector in China and alternative, environment-friendly technologies are urgently needed to reduce negative climate impacts. Conversion to the use of hydrocarbons as refrigerants would not only cut greenhouse gas emissions but also achieve energy savings compared with conventional technology. It is also intended to minimise the need to switch from HCFCs to HFCs (e.g. R-410A), which have an even higher climate impact than the currently used HCFCs. GTZ-Proklima has implemented a pilot project funded by the German Environment Ministry within the framework of the International Climate Initiative. The project supports the introduction of the production of room air-conditioning systems by the Chinese manufacturer Gree Electric Appliances Inc. using R290 as refrigerant instead of HCFCs, thereby establishing a best-practice model. The production capacity of R290 air-conditioners at Gree is around units per annum. The replacement of the HCFC refrigerant will prevent 560,000 tonnes CO2e of direct emissions during the life-cycle of the units. Additionally, indirect emission of 320,000 tonnes CO2e will be avoided through improved energy efficiency of the units. The project elements encompass the 1. Optimization of technical design, 2. Installation of new production equipment, 3. Pilot production and 4.Training of service technicians The project also includes comprehensive training for production and service technicians; this covers the responsible and safe handling of flammable refrigerants as well as maintenance of the equipment. The paper/presentation will cover the following aspects: - Backgrounds to the International Climate Initiative and GTZ-Proklima s projects - The application of R290 in room air-conditioners and relevance for HCFC phase-out in A 5 countries - Details to the IKI project with Gree - Outlook Keywords: Room air-conditioners, Hydrocarbons, R290, International Climate Initiative, GTZ,

4 Refrigerants for Stationary Air-Conditioners and Heat Pumps Shigeharu Taira, Tadafumi Mikoshi Daikin Industries, Ltd. Umeda Center Bldg., , Nakazaki-Nishi, Kita-Ku, Osaka, , Japan In recent years, the world has been facing crucial environmental problems. Particularly, ozone depletion, global warming and energy shortage are deemed as major problems. In order to cope with those problems, the international bodies such as Montreal Protocol and Kyoto Protocol set targets to reduce the use of ODP and emissions of GHG including HFCs respectively. All the stakeholders must take immediate actions to meet the targets to mitigate the environmental impact in the next two decades which are crucial for human being. Air conditioners and heat pumps are deeply involved in all those issues. As a responsible stakeholder in the stationary air-conditioning industry, we would like to propose a balanced view on refrigerant as immediate actions for us to take. When looking at refrigerant issue, it is necessary to map out comprehensive measures by taking into consideration the life cycle effect of refrigerant from manufacturing to disposal. GWP is not the only criteria for choosing refrigerants. There are some others stated below while considering regional differences such as climate and culture of air-conditioning. We should not forget about the differences between developed and developing countries since their social infrastructure would be different. 1) Safety: the result of the experimental analysis on flammability is described. 2) Energy Efficiency: Comparison in energy efficiency including peak load for air-conditioners and heat pumps. 3) Economic feasibility: Comparison on cost-up of products and investment for changing refrigerants, etc. 4) Serviceability: Comparison on availability of tools and skills for service. 5) Power supply infrastructure: Comparison on peak load. 6) Legal barriers to overcome We picked up some candidate refrigerants, made a fair evaluation on them in the light of the above mentioned criteria, and allocated application using those refrigerants to each region. In addition to that, the balanced view on refrigerant includes refrigerant management as well. In this paper, we point out the importance of creating refrigerant management system, such as leakage prevention, recovery, recycle, and destruction of refrigerants. Although such measures require a great deal of efforts in society as a whole, it will play an indispensable role to mitigate environmental impact of refrigerants. We will touch upon the situation of refrigerant management measures in place in Japan and Europe and discuss the possibility of other regions adopting the measures. Keywords:

5 H Chillventa Supporting Programme DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF HIGH PERFORMANCE, LOW GWP REFRIGERANTS FOR AC AND REFRIGERATION T. Leck,(a) K. Kontomaris,(a) and F. Rinne(b) (a) DuPont Fluorochemicals, P.O. Box 80711, Wilmington, Delaware, 19880, USA (b)dupont de Nemours GmbH, Hugenottenallee , Neu-Isenburg, Germany In response to concerns about global climate change, and in consideration of probable legislation that may impact the production and use of refrigerants with high global warming potential, a set of new refrigerant candidates has been developed for evaluation. Some candidates are designed for stationary air conditioning in residential and light commercial end uses. Other refrigerant candidates were designed more specifically for use in medium temperature refrigeration applications. These candidates all have GWP values that are reduced significantly from R-134a, R-410A and R-404A values, and have good predicted performance characteristics as determined by cycle modelling. Model results must always be validated by actual system tests, and that work has been underway for some time now. System tests are indeed showing that the predicted model results are achievable. This presentation will describe these candidates and show some results from evaluations of their cooling and heating performance properties and LCCP (Life Cycle Climate Performance) comparisons. The paper gives an overview about the current state of technology in the supermarket sector, demonstration of optimization potentials, obstacles and limits of current and alternative technologies as well as combinations of them, and the introduction of the Eco-Efficiency-concept to compare and evaluate supermarket refrigeration performance from an environmental and economic point of view. Keywords: Refrigerants, Regulation, GWP, Heat Pump, Energy Efficiency, Centrifugal

6 Refrigerant Sustainable future Safe & Environmental friendly refrigeration and refrigerants Frédéric Gauvard Christophe Maldémé Arkema 420, Rue d Estienne d Orves, 92705,COLOMBES Cedex christophe.maldeme@arkema.com The sustainable development of HVAC & R will go together with the development of safe, economical, efficient and low TEWI systems. New low GWP refrigerants will play an important role in this matter. The development of new low GWP refrigerants is presented in perspective of the history and main technical backgrounds of refrigerants and refrigeration management. A specific focus is proposed on the main fields of applications that are air conditioning, heat pumps and commercial refrigeration with considerations on the safety, environmental, cost and efficiency balance that has to be found in order to fulfill the growing environmental concerns. Hydrofluoroolefins are known in the chemical industry since a long time. L.Henne in 1946 reported the boiling point of a large number of fluoropropene molecules and a lot of studies on the preparation and Global Warming potential of fluoroolefins were done during the latest decades. This paper introduces some new 1234yf blends and shows how they can be a part of the global environment-friendly solutions. Some basic thermodynamic properties and other application characteristics as well as calculated performances in typical refrigeration cycles are discussed; we show that low GWP blends with excellent performances can be proposed; the need to compromise between GWP and flammability is emphasized. However, it is known from the example of Mobile Air Conditioning with 1234yf that a proper risk analysis can in some cases, guarantee the safe use of moderately flammable blends ( A2L according to ASHRAE classification) The presentation concludes that HFO 1234yf blends under development have a high potential to be the best candidates between all types of synthetic and natural refrigerants. They can offer to the market efficient, safe and environmentally friendly refrigerants to be used in the lowest cost system solutions. Keywords: Refrigerants, System, 1234yf, Heating, Air Conditioning, COP, EER, Low GWP, Efficiency, LCCP, Capacity