Update on Next Generation Low GWP Refrigerants for Chillers Products. Steve Kujak Director, Next Generation Refrigerant Research

Transcription

1 Update on Next Generation Low GWP Refrigerants for Chillers Products Steve Kujak Director, Next Generation Refrigerant Research The International Symposium on New Refrigerants and Environmental Technology JRAIA, December 6-7, 2018 Kobe, Japan 1

2 Biography Stephen Steve Kujak is the director of Next Generation Refrigerants Research for Ingersoll Rand. Over the past 26 years, he has led and been involved in numerous technology and product development projects involving development of new refrigerants, lubricants and compatibility of system materials. Steve has been an author or co-author on 30+ publications related to refrigerants and has 10 patents related to HVAC products. Steve is a distinguish service member of ASHRAE and is involved in numerous refrigerant safety (Standard 34) and use standards used globally by the HVACR industry. He was awarded the ASHRAE Crosby Field award for highest rated presentation of a technical paper in 2016 and was also awarded the George Briley Refrigeration Committee award for best ASHRAE journal article on refrigeration in He is also involved with AHRI and is participating in the Alternate Refrigerant Evaluation Program (AREP) and the ARTI Flammability Research Subcommittee. He has a BS in chemistry from the University of Wisconsin-La Crosse and a master s degree in chemistry from the University of North Dakota. 2

3 Outline/Agenda 2016 NGR Conclusions 2018 NGR Status Low Pressure R123 and R245fa Alternatives Medium Pressure R134a Alternatives High Pressure R410A Alternatives Conclusions 3

4 2016 Kobe Symposium Conclusions Singular refrigerants, such as R123, R134a, R410A, which can singly meet the climate demands (low gwp) and public demands for safe (nonflammable) may not be available for all applications. o o o Exception Low pressure chillers number of non-flammables available (R1233zd(E) and R514A) Approx. 600 GWP non-flammable limit for medium pressure alternatives that are R134a design compatible (R513A) No high pressure, low GWP, non-flammable alternatives available Many potential interim R410A alternatives possible o o o Limited chiller products being introduced until safety standards allow flammable refrigerants R410A alternatives that offer design compatibility with increased efficiency are being proposed (R452B) Many possibilities for optimization of GWP, flammability, capacity and glide. Much Has Changed in 2 Years Global Adoption of Ultra Low GWP (<10 GWP) Chiller Refrigerants Ongoing Without Direct Regulatory Pressure New Refrigerant Innovation Continues More Nonflammable Choices 4

5 Global Warming (Kyoto Protocol) Tool Box for Low GWP NGR s Expands Global Warming High HFCs (GWP > 1,000) Moderate HFCs (GWP > 150 to 1,000) New NGRs Low HFCs, HFOs and Naturals GWP 150) R134a R125 R227ea R32 GWP GWP GWP GWP R152a R1234yf R1234ze(E) R1123 R13I ODP R1336mzz(E) R1233zd(E) R1336mzz(Z) R1130 (E) R1224yd(Z) R1132a Non-fluorinated (Naturals) Hydrocarbons Water R143a R245fa HFC s and HFO s CO 2 Ammonia GWP GWP ODP ODP ODP Concerns ODP GWP Ozone Depletion Potential Global Warming Potential Flammable Slightly Flammability 2L Efficiency Cost Acute Toxicity Chemically Stable New Refrigerant Chemistry's to Consider Drives Many More Proposed Blends to Optimize Properties 5

6 Low Pressure NGR Alternatives for Chillers The International Symposium on New Refrigerants and Environmental Technology JRAIA, December 6-7, 2018 Kobe, Japan 6

7 Low Pressure Chillers Alternatives R123 and R245fa Replacements Alternatives Attributes Most Low GWP (<10) Non-flammable Good efficiency Near design compatible alternatives available - Near R123 and R245fa capacities All with no glide A1 B1 B1 New A1 A1 A1 R1233zd(E), R514A and R1224yd(Z) Good Choices Nonflammable, GWP <2, High Efficiency R1224yd(Z) A Good R245fa ORC Replacement R1336mzz(E) New Refrigerant to Consider 7

8 Evaporator & Condenser Performance Single Tube Test Rig R-514A R-1233zd(E) R-1224yd(Z) Evaporator Condenser Similar Evaporator & Condenser Performance Observed in Chiller Bundle vs Single Tube Tests All Heat Transfer Performance was = or > Than R123 8

9 Experiences with R514A R-514A drop in Tests R-1233zd(E) & R-1224yd(Z) cannot be dropped in to a R-123 design Optimized design can achieve similar performance for all 3 refrigs Pressure vessel designs (ASME, PED) not required for R-514A 300 Ton Variable Speed Chiller 770 Ton Impeller Optimized Chiller R-514A Chiller Performance Equal or Better than R-123 R-123 Can Be Retrofitted to R-514A 9

10 Medium Pressure NGR Alternatives for Chillers The International Symposium on New Refrigerants and Environmental Technology JRAIA, December 6-7, 2018 Kobe, Japan 10

11 Medium Pressure Chiller Alternatives R134a Replacements Alternatives Attributes Flammability - GWP nonflammable - GWP <150 flammable Good efficiency Near design compatible alternatives available - Near R134a capacity - R1234ze(E) = -25% capacity All with no glide R513A (nonflammable) and R1234ze(E) Good Choices R516A (<150 GWP, A2L) Good Future R513A Alternative CF3I Chemistry Could Offer Nonflammable Alternatives 11

12 Experiences With a Water-Cooled Chiller 230 RT (800 kw) Duplex Circuits Observations Measured performance matched thermodynamic predictions quite closely. Compressor efficiency was similar for all refrigerants. Differences can be attributed to the slightly lower heat transfer performance of the alternate fluids. (~R516A) R513A & R516A Perform Similarly 12

13 High Pressure NGR Alternatives for Chillers The International Symposium on New Refrigerants and Environmental Technology JRAIA, December 6-7, 2018 Kobe, Japan 13

14 High Pressure Chiller Alternatives R410A Replacements Alternatives Attributes Lowest GWPs ( ) Flammability - R32, R452B, R454B & C are all 2L flammable - R466A first nonflammable that meets <750 GWP regulatory requirement Efficiency - equal or greater Many near design compatible alternatives available - R466A, R32, R454B, R452B Many with glide - Most R410A like with low glide (0 to <2K) - R454C is R407C like (5 to 6K) R1123 R454B & R32 Chiller Products Announced in Europe 14

15 Experiences With Air Cooled Chiller 100 RT (352 kw) Duplex Circuits Used 1 Circuit Observations Measured performance matched thermodynamic predictions quite closely. Compressor efficiency was similar for all refrigerants. R466A and R452B had acceptable compressor discharge temperature. R32 compressor discharge temperatures limited high ambient range. New Nonflammable <750 GWP R466A Appears to be an Acceptable R410A Replacement 15

16 Conclusions The International Symposium on New Refrigerants and Environmental Technology JRAIA, December 6-7, 2018 Kobe, Japan 16

17 Conclusions Much has changed in 2 year! Looking at Air & Water Cooled Chillers using HFC alternatives *Centrifugal and screw chillers with new ultra low HFOs or lower HFO blend refrigerants are now globally available. *Scroll introductions emerging Global Adoption of Ultra Low GWP (<10 GWP) Chiller Refrigerants Ongoing Without Direct Regulatory Pressure (No <150 GWP Limits) R514A, R1233zd(E), R1224yd(Z), R1234ze(E) Considered Final Solutions New Refrigerant Innovation Continues More Nonflammable Choices 17

18 Steve Kujak 18