Recent Developments in Carbon Dioxide Cooling in Data Centres & Buildings. by Rob Lamb, Sales Director, Star Refrigeration
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2 Recent Developments in Carbon Dioxide Cooling in Data Centres & Buildings by Rob Lamb, Sales Director, Star Refrigeration
3 CO2 Case Studies Server Cooling Desk Cooling Heat Pump / Chiller Air Handling Unit
4 CO 2 Data Centre Cooling
5 CO2 Data Centre Cooling Case Study: University Data Centre World First CO 2 Solution Blade Server Cooling No water in computer suite 30kW/cabinet capacity Reduced floor space More processing power/ft 2 Reduced running costs/better efficiency Low refrigerant cost
6 High Density CO2 Server Cooling CO 2 OLRAC Return pipe CO 2 condenser Liquid pipe CO 2 receiver CO 2 pump Chilled R134a water 6 C / 12 9 C CO 2 OLPAC
7 CABINET MOUNTED COOLING : CO 2 RAC Full height design Universal design - fits any cabinet 20kW capacity 600mm x 42U Hinged access to Blades Cooled by pumped CO2 at 14 degc Resilient design (dual coils) Optional temp. & CO 2 monitoring
8 RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT In-rack temp probes 40 o C Air in/out temp probes 21 o C CO 2 Plant
9 CO 2 RAC CABINET COOLING Design basis: Absorb heat at the rear of the cabinet Does not provide cooling Air drawn into cabinets by blade fan Cabinet air inlet temperature 22 o C Server air discharge temperature +35/40 o C Discharge air drawn through CO 2 RAC CO 2 RAC discharge temperature 22 o C Air in 22 o C Discharge Temp +35/40 o C 600 x 900mm Cabinet Blade server chassis Air out 22 o C
10 Mission Critical Cooling CO 2 System cost benefits 30% saving energy compared to water Up to 50% space and rent saving System cost up to +25% per kw Payback due to savings ~2 to 3 years
11 Mission Critical Cooling Summary CO 2 successfully cools cabinet loads of 30kW+ CO 2 allows smaller data-suite, or. CO 2 facilitates an increased quantity of racks CO 2 requires less power reduced running costs or increased deployment of blades Supply & install turnkey package On-site maintenance available remote monitoring available
12 CO 2 Projects ICL
13 CO 2 Projects - ICL
14 CO 2 Desk Cooling
15 Case Study: UK Bank 20 C 20 C 20 C 25 C 25 C 28 C 28 C 35 C PC 35 C
16 Case Study: UK Bank 18 C 18 C 18 C 22 C 22 C 25 C 25 C 34 C PC 34 C
17 Case Study: UK Bank 20 C 20 C 20 C 22 C 22 C 22 C 22 C 22 C PC 22 C
18 High Density - IT Cooling Chilled water R134a 6 C / 12 9 C CO 2 condenser CO 2 receiver CO 2 pump CO 2 OLPAC Liquid pipe Return pipe CO 2 OLDesk
19 UK Bank CO2 Desk Cooling Site Layout
20 DESK COOLING UNIT SURFACE MOUNTED 80mm deep Mounts directly onto floor tiles Desks remain in-situ PC s retro-fitted Cold formed joint (Lokring) Pressure rating 500Bar Lokring destructive test 1500Bar (21,755 PSi)
21 78mm 78mm ~ 1200W 1200W Top Top discharge 2-way 2-way air air circulation CO 2 OLdesk SURFACE MOUNTED
22 Plant Plant System Activated: Failure: SIMULATED POWER & CO 2 FAILURE CO CO system system failed, failed, pumps/plant 2 2 pumps/plant CO CO failed failed 2 2 OLdesk fans fans on on No PC s No PC s thermal thermal re-circulate shock shock heat heat to to PC PC Temperature on coil 1 ('C) Laboratory Test - Simulated Power & CO2 Failure Plant failed Plant on Stabilises on coil 2 ('C) on coil 3 ('C) on coil ('C) on coil 4 ('C) on coil 4 ('C) PC 1 off ('C) PC 1 off ('C) PC 2 on ('C) PC 2 on ('C) PC 2 on ('C) PC 2 on ('C) PC 2 off ('C) PC off ('C) PC 2 off ('C) PC PC 2 3 off on ('C) ('C) PC 3 on off ('C) 25 PC 34 off on ('C) 20 22mins 35secs 3min 39 PC 4 on off ('C) PC 5 on ('C) PC 4 off ('C) PC 5 on ('C) PC on ('C) 15 PC 5 off ('C) 11:58:34 12:01:26 12:04:19 12:07:12 12:10:05 12:12:58 12:15:50 12:18:43 12:21:36 12:24:29 12:27:22 PC 5 on ('C) Time PC 5 off ('C) PC 5 off ('C) PC 6 on ('C) PC air exhaust temp o C PC air entry temp o C CO 2 OLdesk air on temp o C
23 Transcritical CO 2 Heat Pump / Chiller
24
25 Transcritical CO2 Heat Pump Combined COSP heating and cooling 7.36 GWP 1 High grade heat output 70 degc Compact and simple to control Applications in hospitals, food factories, hotels etc
26 Transcritical CO2 Heat Pump
27 Transcritical CO 2 Air Handling Unit
28 CO2 Air Handling Units 100 kw cooling capacity 35 KW heat recovery Air off temperature 15.9C COSP 3.17 Major supermarket space cooling Eliminate HFC charge Commissioned September 08
29 CO2 Air Handling Units
30 Conclusions CO2 has been successfully used in data centres and buildings in volatile secondary and in transcritical systems CO2 offers specific benefits for certain applications efficiency, lower pump kws, smaller pipes, cooling of high heat loads, electrically benign Suitable components for volatile CO2 systems are becoming available Close liaison is needed between refrigeration and building disciplines to ensure successful CO2 installations Use of CO2 in other building applications will increase in future
Patent Pending CO 2 OLrac. Blade Server Cooling
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