ENERGY EVOLUTION. E is for energy, everywhere C squared is how much that I care Light forces flowing without constraint

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3 ENERGY EVOLUTION Einstein s theory that science proved right: Energy s made from both mass and light Although E=mc squared, my dear The solution is more complex, I fear. E is for energy, everywhere C squared is how much that I care Light forces flowing without constraint Transmuted into the love of a saint M is for mass, by which we are bound With our hearts in the clouds And our feet on the ground.

4 WHO IS CASTALIA? Castalia, in Greek mythology, was a nymph who Apollo transformed into a fountain at Delphi. Castalia and her purity could inspire the genius of poetry and science to those who drank her waters or listened to their quiet sound. She helped people to make every project they were striving for come true. Castalia is unique. Pure, positive and good energy. Be inspired. 4

5 UNIQUE, INNOVATIVE AND WITH SO MANY ADVANTAGES 1. Castalia enables people to save energy up to 55,6% in comparison to a power unit. 2. Castalia replaces the old traditional boilers and electric chillers with a single enbloc absorption system. Being equipped with just one control and managing panel, Castalia allows to save on technical volumes. 3. Castalia is the only enbloc system that produces hot water to be used for heating, sanitary water and chilled water for cooling using the absorption cycle with lithium bromide. 4. Castalia the only gas-fired burner with under-vacuum condensation on the market. 5. Castalia does not have neither compressors nor multiple fans. Therefore, it makes no noise and does not produce vibrations. 5

6 CASTALIA PROTECTS THE ENVIRONMENT AND RESPECTS NATURE Replacing an electric chiller with Castalia equals planting trees. A building of With an electric Replaced m 2 chiller (with COP= 2,3) with Castalia trees The estimate on the saving is based on a refrigerating capacity of 3.500kW and 3000 hours of use. Every tree absorbs 18,3 kg of CO 2 emissions a year. Less CO 2 emissions / Number of trees planted (comparison) with How many CO 2 emissions less per year (in tons) Correspondent number of trees planted Replacing electric chillers with Castalia leads to lower CO 2 emissions and can be compared to the increase of the number of trees on our planet. 12,5 kwf 18,8 kwf 23 kwf 57 kwf 70 kwf 93 kwf 115 kwf CAST 13 CAST 20 CAST 30 CAST 60 CAST 85 CAST 100 CAST 125 CAST 140 Power [kw]

7 WHY IS CASTALIA SO ECOENERGETIC? The second law of thermodynamics says that in an isolated system, concentrated energy disperses over time (as a consequence, low-quality energy is produce and it cannot be recovered or re-useded) Energy conversion through electrical chillers The total energetic performance reaches 83% after 5 conversions. 100% 83% * Fuel Thermic energy Mechanical energy Electric energy Mechanical energy Cooling Energy conversion using Castalia The total energetic performance reaches 130% after a single energy conversion. 100% 130% 140% 120% 100% 80% Fuel Energy Efficiency % Fossil Primary Energy 100% Cooling Electric chiller * 130% Electric chiller * 83% 60% 40% 20% 44% 36% 0% * Referred to: losses in a power station 56%, losses on electric line 8%; Efficiency Ratio electric chiller 2,3 7

8 FROM FARADAY TO SYSTEMA: THE HISTORY GOES ON Devised even by the end of 1700 and experimentally studied in 1824 by Michael Faraday, the absorption cooling cycle was gotten ahead by the French Ferdinand Carrè in 1859 with an ice manufacturing machine based on the cooling production through evaporation. Also Edmond Carrè, the brother of the ice-house inventor, helped the settlement of the absorption cycle with his machine. The absorption system achieved a predominant position on the mechanical compression systems market around 1875 and held it up to the first decades of the 20th century. After the development of the electric power and consequently with the reliability of the electric engine, the compression system gained market shares till the 1930s, when the coming of the chlorofluorocarbons (CFC) allowed this system to take root. In the 1940s two new fluids were tested: water (as the refrigerant) and lithium bromide (as the absorbent). It brought to a new development of the absorption systems in Europe and United States. Though this system did not have a widespread use, it never passed away; on the contrary research in this field was carried out. This is also proved by the fact that fridges using the absorption principle had success both in hotels and in camping sites, thanks to the absence of LITHIUM BROMIDE ABSORPTION CYCLE noise and mechanical parts. Later, the energy-crisis in the 1970s, the ozone depleting by CFCs and HCFCs, the contribution of the greenhouse effect by the new ecological fluids called HFC and the importance of the electric energy optimization encouraged the development of new applications of the absorption systems. Thanks to their characteristics, absorption chillers using the Lithium Bromide solution are more and more used for the production of chilled water for air conditioning systems. Nowadays the technology and the availability of new materials allow the relaunching of the absorption system. This enables us to obtain a high thermodynamic efficiency, making the appliances working with gas, hot water, steam and fumes, as well. Japan, Korea, China and Italy (thanks to the essential contribution of Systema S.p.A.) are the main countries in which new applications for this system have been developed. The absorption cooling cycle principle has many applications; for example, it is used in mansions and villas as well as in commercial buildings, shops, supermarkets, sports centres, hotels particularly in the places where there is not enough electric power for the traditional compression systems. 8

9 A JOURNEY INSIDE CASTALIA Electric panel with climatic zones High temperatures exchanger Premixed modulating burner Variable flow rate circulator Heat exchanger (under vacuum) 9

10 CASTALIA AND THE ADVANTAGES FUNCTIONING WITH CONDENSATION HEATING 1- High efficiency: performances up to 107% (savings on managing costs) 2 - Premixed modulating burner. Thanks to the continuous modulation, it enables to supply the thermal power demanded by the users punctually. 3 - Electronic pump with variable revolutions. It always guarantees the functioning of the thermal condensing group. 5 - Temperatures regulation on board with direct action on the burner. It is composed of a special dedicated software and multifunctioning managing plc. There is the possibility to connect this appliance online together with other centralized managing systems already existing (with external probe, ACS pump and other ) 6 - Telemanaging and monitoring of remote data. It constitutes an extremely useful system for the managing of the thermal group by the final customer, who can regulate the temperatures, the starting as well as the stop of the machine, according to the functions that can be managed by the end user. At the same time, this system is used by the technicians of the service assistance department to verify the correct functioning and for the programming of the ordinary technical assistance. The autodiagnosis panel enables to monitor and store for a long time the operative data related to the functioning cycle of the thermal group. 7 - Castalia does not need water for its functioning, because the primary circuit is under vacuum and thus, it does not need any make-up water, as are needed by traditional boilers. The thermal group has been designed with indirect exchange, with a thermal structure apt to contain waterproof and sealed heat exchanger, contained in a containing box completely separated by the water circuit system. 8 - The range of the available thermal power are 8 models from 12 to 140kW. This has the advantage to choose the thermal group according to the needs and to the demands of every single user. 9 - The functions and uses of this product are the same of any thermal group: mansions, block of flats, industries and commercial spaces, offices, production cycles, shopping centres 10 - Castalia is designed to save space (IPX5D protection, kit for installation outdoor available) 11 - Castalia respects and protects our environment thanks to extremely low Nox emissions (class 5 EN 483) 4 - Heat exchanger (under vacuum) with indirect exchange. This multifunction appliance with high efficiency is composed of a double separated circuit that allows to use the total thermal power, for heating only, for ACS only or in both cases at the same time. It is possible to set two different temperatures of utilization in two separated circuits: heating and ACS Security equipment composed by security immersion thermostat, thermometer pocket, supplementary pocket, manometer, cock with flanges, pipe 2 1/2, minimum pressure switch, zinc plated cap (3/4 ), ½ cap, zinc plated nipple, manual pressure switch, cast iron TE connection (1/4 ) 13 - No need for flue Functioning possible both with just one machine or with a series of machine, connected to a single system It is possible to insert a condensing thermal module to integrate heating and hot water sanitary water production More than 15 years life span 17 - Technical assistance within 48 hours 10

11 OF A UNIQUE COOLING SYSTEM COOLING MODE WITH LITHIUM BROMIDE CYCLE 100% Fuel 130% Cooling 1 - High performances and efficiency in the cooling mode thanks to the condensation absoption chiller system (working with the Lithium Bromide solution). Total performances up to 103%. 5 - Castalia guarantees constant and steady performances, even if the frigorific load varies. 6 - Contemporary production of chilled water for cooling and hot sanitary water (the hot water could be used also for other purposes, e.g. for the heating of swimming pools or water storages). COMSUMPTION ACCORDING TO THE FRIGORIFIC POWER 9 - The range of thermal powers is composed of 8 models from 12 to 115 frigorific kw; this has the advantage of let the customers choose the frigorific system with the correct power to fulfil their needs No noise and no vibrations because there are no electric compressors, no pistons and no series of fans. CASTALIA CASTALIA makes you save 0,04 Save electric energy and much more! for each frigorific kwh % 1 FRIGORIFIC kwh ELECTRIC CHILLER 0,43kWh * 0,43 kwh x 0,18 /kwh = 0,08 Frigorific power in % ONLY 0,05kWh 0,05 kwh x 0,18 /kwh = 0,01 * With COP=2,3 1kWh frigorific è Gas consumption with CASTALIA =0,1 m 3 natural gas x 0,3 /m 3 = 0, Little electric consumption with gas climatization using Lithium Bromide. 1 cooling kw with Castalia uses 0,05 electric kw on average, while the same cooling kw produced with an electric cooler needs 0,43 electric kw*. Castalia makes you save 0,05 for each frigorific kw produced. 3 - Castalia allows you to eliminate all the expensive contracts with companies that supply electric energy. It eliminates the costs for administrative permissions, project and designed as well as building of a proper electric cabin, in case of the need for a pretty high frigorific power. 4 - The use of gas (either natural gas or LPG) for cooling guarantees a clean energy, which is always available, without any danger of black-outs. Moreover, the policy of the gas suppliers, who are willing to sell gas on a regular basis for the whole year, lowers the standard price of gas. 7 - Continuous adjustment load of the frigorific power, from 20% to 100%. As a consequence it is possible to have a reduction of gas consumption and of the total energetic need. Cooling water consumption m 3 /h AVERAGE CONSUMPTION OF THE COOLING TOWER WATER 0,16 0,15 0,14 0,13 0,12 0,11 0,1 0,09 0,08 0,07 0,06 0,05 0,04 0,03 0,02 0, Frigorific power in kw 8 - The cooling tower with the air-water exchange guarantees the constant supply of the required frigorific power with outdoor temperatures reaching even more than 45 C. In these conditions, too the heat elimination is assured. This avoid shutdowns, intermittent working of the appliance as well as empirical trials of cooling made by the evaporator. The managing and control in modulation together with the pump working with variable revolutions guarantee a limited water consumption. The water refill, the make-up water and the cleaning of the water are managed automatically by the control system. 11

12 THE HEATING CYCLE Fumes Solution Steam Condensate Hot water Fist-stage generator (HTG) Second-stage generator (LTG) Condenser Evaporator Absorber High temperature heat exchanger (HTHE) Low temperature heat exchanger (LTHE) Solution pump Refrigerant pump Burner Gas train Chilled water/heating water pump Cooling water pump (stop) Cooling fan (stop) Cooling tower Discharge switch (open) Water make-up floating ball valve Cooling water by-pass valve (closed) Stabilizing valve for water quality Anti-weed Antibacterial Water make-up motor valve (open) Refrigerant motor valve (closed) Inverter valve for cooling/heating cycle (open) Main fuel valve Third-stage exchanger The novelty of this boiler is based on the new principle of the indirect heat exchanger undervacuum. Heating Water Gas The combustion chamber (1), the second-stage generator (2) and the fluid vector composed of a water and Lithium Bromide solution are not under pressure but under vacuum. This has enormous advantages as far as security and life span of the machinery are concerned. In the functioning cycle the modulating premix burner (10) heats, thanks to the combustion process, the heat generators of the first-stage (1), second-stage (2) and third-stage (26). As a consequence the water and LiBr is heated and when the solution evaporates, the two elements do separate one from the other. Thanks to an expanded circuit the steam heats the evaporator (4). Within it the water coming from the system 812) circulates and yields heats condensing along its path. Then, the condensed steam is absorbed by the LiBr and brought, once again, to the generators thanks to the solution pump (8). 12

13 COOLING CYCLE WITH LITHIUM BROMIDE Fumes Hot Air Concentrated solution Diluted solution Refrigerant steam Refrigerant Chilled water Condenser water High temperature generator (HTG) Low temperature generator (LTG) Condenser Evaporator Absorber High temperature heat exchanger (HTHE) Low temperature heat exchanger (LTHE) Solution pump Refrigerant pump Burner Gas train Chilled/heating water pump Cooling water pump Cooling fan Cooling tower Discharge switch (open) Water make-up floating ball valve Cooling by-pass valve (open when the temperature is low) Water quality stabilizer valve Anti-weed Bactericide Water make-up motor valve (closed) Refrigerant motor valve (closed) Inverter valve for cooling/heating cycle (open) Main fuel valve Third-stage exchanger Makeup Water Water Discharge Chilled Water Gas Hot Sanitary Water When a liquid absorbs heat from its surroundings it evaporates. For example, when you spread alcohol on your hand, your hand will feel very cool as the alcohol absorbs heat from your hand and evaporates into the air. Our air conditioning equipments are designed according to this principle. Water evaporates at 100 C with an atmospheric pressure of 760 mm HG, but it could also evaporate at very low temperatures, if it is under vacuum. Just to make an example: water can evaporate at 4 C in a watertight container. The evaporation of water in appliances working with the Lithium Bromide cycle is based on this principle. The frigorific circuit of the absorption unit CASTALIA uses, as primary fluid, a solution composed of water and LiBr, where water functions as a refrigerant and the LiBr as an absorber. The Lithium Bromide can absorb the surrounding steam if it is in low pressure. The solution is then heated in the heat generators (1-2) causing the separation of the water in the steam state at high temperature which is later condensed in the condenser (3) thanks to the cooling water coming from the cooling tower. The steam condensed is the refrigerant. In vacuum conditions, the cooling water (at 4 C) is sprayed in the evaporator s pipes (4). In the evaporator s pipes water at 14 C circulates and when it evaporates with low temperatures, it takes off heat to the conditioning system s water and chills it. This water can reach 7 C. The steam at low temperatures is then absorbed by the Lithium Bromide (5), with the transfer of heat to the cooling circuit of the cooling tower which disperses it on air. Now, the initial solution (water and lithium bromide) which is now together again is transferred thanks to a pump (8) to the heat generator in order to begin the cycle again. Before reaching the heat generator the solution is heated passing through two heat exchangers (6-7). 13

14 SPECIFICATIONS CASTALIA - HEATING AND REFRIGENERATING UNITS WITH MODULATION AND CONDENSATION ABSORPTION MODELS (VERSIONS) CAST 13 CAST 20 CAST 30 CAST 60 CAST 85 CAST 100 CAST 125 CAST 140 Technical characteristics of HEATING Thermal capacity (Hi) kw 12,0 18,0 26,0 55,0 75,0 90,0 115,0 130,0 Operating thermal power kw 11,5 18,5 26,9 56,7 77,5 92,9 119,0 134,3 Rated thermal efficiency % 96,1% 102,8% 103,4% 103,1% 103,3% 103,2% 103,5% 103,3% Max. consumption natural gas (Hi = 34,02 MJ/m 3 ) m 3 /h 1,27 1,90 2,75 5,82 7,94 9,52 12,17 13,76 Max. consumption LPG (Hi=46,34 MJ/kg) Kg/h 0,93 1,40 2,02 4,27 5,83 6,99 8,93 10,10 Outlet water temperature C Technical characteristics of COOLING Thermal capacity (Hi) kw 12,0 18,0 22,0 55,0 67,0 90,0 112,0 112,0 Operative refrigerating power kw 12,5 18,8 23,0 57,0 70,0 93,0 115,0 115,0 Cooling efficiency (G.U.E.) gas using efficiency % 104,2% 104,4% 104,5% 103,6% 104,5% 103,3% 102,7% 102,7% Max. consumption natural gas (Hi=34,02 MJ/m 3 ) m 3 /h 1,27 1,90 2,33 5,82 7,09 9,52 11,85 11,85 Max. consumption LPG (Hi=46,34 MJ/kg) Kg/h 0,93 1,40 1,71 4,27 5,21 6,99 8,70 8,70 Outlet refrigerating water temperature C Unit water capacity m 3 /h 2,830 2,830 2,830 8,600 8,600 14,130 14,130 14,130 Average cooling tower water consumption * m 3 /h 0,018 0,025 0,030 0,073 0,090 0,120 0,150 0,150 Contemporary availability of HOT SANITARY WATER *** Max. operating thermal power of HOT SANITARY WATER ** kw 1,2 1,8 2,2 5,5 6,7 9,0 11,2 11,2 HOT SANITARY WATER temp. *** C Global efficiency**** (G.U.E.) gas efficiency during summer conditioning % 114,2% 114,4% 114,5% 113,6% 114,5% 113,3% 112,7% 112,7% GENERAL DATA Electric power supply 230V Hz 400V Hz 400V Hz Absorbed electric power in WINTER conditioning kw 0,850 0,850 0,850 1,900 1,900 2,500 2,500 2,500 Absorbed electric power in SUMMER conditioning kw 1,620 1,620 1,620 4,120 4,120 5,950 5,950 5,950 Hydraulic connections diameter mm Useful head pressure mh 2 O Exchanger water volume l Weight of empty unit Kg Dimensions (W x D x H) m W=2020 D=1170 H=1970 W=2020 D=1170 H=1970 W=2020 D=1170 H=1970 W=3070 D=1320 H=2230 W=3070 D=1320 H=2230 W=3450 D=1390 H=2230 W=3450 D=1390 H=2230 Acoustic pressure level (at 4 m dist.) db (A) REFERENCE CLIMATIC CONDITIONS External SUMMER temperature C 36 Relative SUMMER humidity RH 50% Max. SUMMER temperature C 45 Min. WINTER temperature C -30 W=3450 D=1390 H=2230 (*) according to ARI Standard 550/ (**) contemporary to the max. refrigerating power. During the heating phase this power must be taken off from the heating power value. (***) max. available temperature 90 C (****) contemporary to the max. thermal power HOT SANITARY WATER Limit pressure for cooling/heating/sanitary water = 3 bar Inlet water pressure for tower charging = 1,5 1,8 bar All above mentioned data are to be considered as approximate and not binding. Systema S.p.A. reserves the right to modify them without any prior notice. 14

15 INTELLIGENT REGULATION CASTALIA modulates the produced refrigerating power from 20% to 100% due to its intelligent control device with inverter which controls the following values: fuel consumption electrical power absorbed by the pumps (plant and solution) and by the evaporation tower ventilator cooling water consumption The traditional refrigerating machines suffer the charge variations which often determine the important reduction of the COP. On the contrary, the absorption machines not only do not suffer the thermal charge reduction but even improve their performance coefficient. The following diagrams show the working parameters of absorption units with lithium bromide and a double effect direct flame. Consumption during the refrigerating power variation Consumption during the heating power variation % % % % Refrigerating power % Thermal power % Refrigerating power during the cooling water temperature variation Refrigerating power during the external temperature variation Cooling water temperature C External temperature C Refrigerating power Fuel consumption Electrical input (absorption) Water consumption 15

16 MODELS RANGE The range of absorption heating units CASTALIA offers the possibility to choose various capacities. PRODUCT CASTALIA 13 CASTALIA 20 CASTALIA 30 CASTALIA 60 CASTALIA 85 CASTALIA 100 CASTALIA 125 CASTALIA 140 REFRIGERATING POWER 12,5 18, HEATING-REFRIGERATING POWER 12,9 19,4 27,8 59,3 83,7 96,8 123,3 139,2 CODING OF HEATING AND REFRIGENERATING CONDENSATION UNITS WITH MODULATION MODEL GAS TYPE HOT SANITARY WATER MODELS WITH TOUCH SCREEN MANAGEMENT SB SG PS PG Basic operative Operative with low temperature PC Standard PC with low temperature ST BO Activated Non activated D C Natural gas LPG CAST013 Refriger. & heating unit, mod. CAST 13 CAST020 Refriger. & heating unit, mod. CAST 20 CAST030 Refriger. & heating unit, mod. CAST 30 CAST060 Refriger. & heating unit, mod. CAST 60 CAST085 Refriger. & heating unit, mod. CAST 85 CAST100 Refriger. & heating unit, mod. CAST 100 CAST125 Refriger. & heating unit, mod. CAST 125 CAST140 Refriger. & heating unit, mod. CAST 140 FOR EXAMPLE: CAST060DSTPS Refrigerating and heating unit, mod. CAST 60, with natural gas feeding (D), with activated prearrangement for HOT SANITARY WATER production (ST) and a touch screen management with PC standard (PS). CHOISE OF UNITS NUMBER Usually, the more the number of units used in the system the more the flexibility and the continuity of the whole system is. The cost of one kw produced by the most powerful unit is relatively lower than one produced by the less powerful unit, that is why one needs to consider all factors together. For the plants of a (certain) great capacity it is recommended to choose as minimum two thermal units. 16

17 OVERALL SIZES AND DIMENSIONS DIMENSIONS CAST 13 CAST 20 CAST For ventilation DIMENSIONS CAST 60 CAST For ventilation 17

18 OVERALL SIZES AND DIMENSIONS DIMENSIONS CAST 100 CAST 125 CAST For ventilation 18

19 SELECTION Heating & refrigerating unit power calculation. The heating and refrigerating power must be higher in the buildings with a high density or a great frequency of people and where the windows and walls are not insulated rather well. It must be higher also in places where the temperature and humidity are very high. Anyway, in a big cottage with a lot of rooms where a few people live and the units may function in alternative way, one may choose one small external unit and various internal units For example, CASTALIA 20 may be connected up to 15 internal units. The switched-off internal units consume no energy nor water and this presents a great exclusive advantage of CASTALIA family. Separation of measurements. For housing complex and residential blocks it is recommended to use a CASTALIA unit of a great power or a system with two CASTALIA units for every building. The measurement and charging devices (flow meter, thermometer, metric and communication systems (plants)) may be connected at the entry of every building; this reduces the investment, simplifies the functioning and minimizes the errors. SELECTION TABLE RECOMMENDED FOR AN EXTERNAL CASTALIA UNIT POWER SELECTION OF BUILDING FUNCTIONS RESIDENCE, HOTEL, OFFICE WITH A FEW PEOPLE OR A FEW VISITORS SCHOOL, HOSPITAL, MARKET, DINING SALOON AND CINEMA WITH A LOT OF PRESENT OR VISITING PEOPLE Building area (m 2 ) 150~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~1500 Model of external unit Opt. 1 low power Opt. 2 medium power Opt. 3 high power CAST 20 CAST 30 CAST 30 CAST 13 X 2 CAST 13 x 2 CAST 13 + CAST 30 CAST 13 + CAST CAST 60 CAST 85 CAST 50 CAST 85 CAST 60 CAST 85 CAST 100 CAST 125 CAST 30 + CAST 85 CAST 30 + CAST 85 CAST 100 CAST 140 CAST 85 X 2 CAST 125 CAST 140 CAST 125 CAST 85 + CAST 125 CAST 140 X 2 19

20 CONTROL PANEL This control panel, being simple in use and management, is of a standard supply. It includes the following parts: Central control panel installed on the board of the external unit with working indicators and serial door to permit the remote net control N.1 remote control panel supplied with 100 meters of a screened cable. The remote control panel permits to program the switching on and off of the unit, to modify the refrigerating water temperature, to select the energy saving mode, to display any possible faults, to monitor electrical energy, fuel and hot water consumption. Screen area Prompt area Suggests the operation relative to 3 functions Function buttons Left Up Clear Deletes set data Right Functioning/switching off Push 2 times for 5 seconds to activate the external unity. Push once more 2 times to switch off the external unity. It s also possible to switch on/ off pushing once and then pushing the central function button. Back Down More/less Introduction (input) of +/- when typing Numeric key-pad Display of data set-up CONTROL PLC 20

21 REFERENCE VALUES H 2 O HARDNESS TO CONSIDER WATER HARDNESS UNIT OF MEASURE SYMBOL DEFINITION French degree Fr 10 mg of CaCO 3 (calcium carbonate) for a liter of water German degree dh 10 mg of CaO (calcium oxide) for a liter of water Clark degree Ck 1 grain of CaCO 3 (calcium carbonate) for a UK gallon Grain/ US gallon GPG 1 grain of CaCO 3 (calcium carbonate) for a US gallon CONVERSION FACTORS UNIT OF MEASURE SYMBOL Fr dh Ck GPG p.p.m. French degree Fr 1 0,56 0,7 0, German degree dh 1,79 1 1,24 1,04 17,9 Clark degree Ck 1,43 0,8 1 0,833 14,3 Grain/ US gallon GPG 1,71 0,958 1,2 1 17,1 p.p.m. CaCO 3 p.p.m. 0,1 0,056 0,07 0, Note: 1 p.p.m.= 1 part per million=1mg/l IT IS NECESSARY TO MAKE A CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF RECIRCULATION AND MAKE-UP WATER WHICH MUST BE WITHIN THE FOLLOWING LIMITS REFERENCE REFRIGERATING WATER RECIRCULATION WATER MAKE-UP WATER ph (25 C) 6.5~ ~8.0 Conductivity (25 C µs/cm) < 800 < 300 Cl - (mg Cl - / l) < 200 < 50 SO 2-4 (mg Ca SO 2-4 / l) < 200 < 50 ph 4.8 (mg CaCO 3 / l) < 100 < 50 Hardness (mg CaCO 3 / l) < 200 < 70 Fe (mg Fe / l) < 1.0 < 0.3 S 2- (mg S 2- / l) N/A N/A NH + 4 (mg NH + 4 / l) < 1.0 < 0.1 SiO 2 (mg SiO 2 / l) < 50 < 30 21

22 SYSTEM (PLANT) HEATING AND COOLING SYSTEM SANITARY SYSTEM TO UTILITIES NON RETURN VALVE USERS MAX. T = 43 C TECHNICAL ROOM OUTSIDE Indicative scheme FIRST FLOOR GROUND FLOOR GROUND FLOOR MIN.T TERMOST. SANITARY UNIT BOILER S CONNECTIONS FROM AQUEDUCT THR DELIVERY COLLECTOR ABSORBER NON RETURN VALVE NON RETURN VALVE DRAINAGE WATER MAX 1,0 MT MAX 0,5 MT BURNER S PROBE OUTLET WATER IN THE SYSTEM INLET CONNECTION WINTER SUMMER DIFFERENTIAL VALVE (SUPPLIED WITH GROUP) ELECTRIC POWER SUPPLY SUMMER REMOTE CONTROL PANEL CASTALIA FROM AQUEDUCT WINTER STORAGE VESSEL ISPESL SECURITY DEVICE INLET WATER IN THE SYSTEM WINTER WINTER SUMMER VIC ELECTRIC POWER SUMMER SUPPLY FROM AQUEDUCT FUEL INLET THE SCREENED CABLE IS SUPPLIED WITH THE UNIT (CASTALIA CONNECTION TO REMOTE CONTROL PANEL) WATER SUPPLY GENERAL SCHEME OF HYDRAULIC CONNECTIONS WITH THE PREARRANGEMENT OF HOT SANITARY WATER PRODUCTION Safety thermostat Safety pressure switch Manometer Safety valve Manometer pocket Thermometer pocket - Installed on the delivery pipe at maximum 0,5 m distance from the generator outlet Fuel on-off safety valve Vibration damping joint Thermometer De-areator Capacity measurement tube Automatic feeder with manometer and disconnector 3 way electric valve On-off electric valve with the limit switch and the opening signal Filter Softener CE expansion tank Exchanger inlet water temperature probe Filter Pump Air vent Dosage pump Secondary circuit pump with electronic actuator 22

23 SYSTEM (PLANT) HEATING AND COOLING SYSTEM TECHNICAL ROOM OUTSIDE Indicative scheme FIRST FLOOR GROUND FLOOR GROUND FLOOR MIN.T TERMOST. THR DELIVERY COLLECTOR ABSORBER NON RETURN NON RETURN VALVE NON RETURN VALVE VALVE DRAINAGE WATER MAX 1,0 MT MAX 0,5 MT BURNER S PROBE OUTLET WATER IN THE SYSTEM INLET CONNECTION WINTER SUMMER DIFFERENTIAL VALVE (SUPPLIED WITH GROUP) ELECTRIC POWER SUPPLY SUMMER REMOTE CONTROL PANEL CASTALIA FROM AQUEDUCT WINTER STORAGE VESSEL ISPESL SECURITY DEVICE INLET WATER IN THE SYSTEM WINTER WINTER SUMMER VIC ELECTRIC POWER SUMMER SUPPLY FROM AQUEDUCT FUEL INLET THE SCREENED CABLE IS SUPPLIED WITH THE UNIT (CASTALIA CONNECTION TO REMOTE CONTROL PANEL) WATER SUPPLY GENERAL SCHEME OF HYDRAULIC CONNECTIONS WITHOUT THE PREARRANGEMENT OF HOT SANITARY WATER PRODUCTION Safety thermostat Safety pressure switch Manometer Safety valve Manometer pocket Thermometer pocket - Installed on the delivery pipe at maximum 0,5 m distance from the generator outlet Fuel on-off safety valve Vibration damping joint Thermometer De-areator Capacity measurement tube Automatic feeder with manometer and disconnector 3 way electric valve On-off electric valve with the limit switch and the opening signal Filter Softener CE expansion tank Exchanger inlet water temperature probe Filter Pump Air vent Dosage pump Secondary circuit pump with electronic actuator 23

24 SCHEMES SUMMER FUNCTIONING WITHOUT HOT SANITARY WATER REQUEST Sanitary water sample Circulation pump state Sanitary water storage tank Circulation pump off Connections to boiler or to solar unit Circulation pump on Heating/cooling secondary circuit Storage tank Water plant delivery Water plant return SUMMER FUNCTIONING WITH HOT SANITARY WATER REQUEST Sanitary water sample Circulation pump state Sanitary water storage tank Circulation pump off Connections to boiler or to solar unit Circulation pump on Heating/cooling secondary circuit Storage tank Water plant delivery Water plant return 24

25 SCHEMES WINTER FUNCTIONING WITHOUT HOT SANITARY WATER REQUEST Sanitary water sample Circulation pump state Sanitary water storage tank Circulation pump off Connections to boiler or to solar unit Circulation pump on Heating/cooling secondary circuit Storage tank Water plant delivery Water plant return WINTER FUNCTIONING WITH HOT SANITARY WATER REQUEST Sanitary water sample Circulation pump state Sanitary water storage tank Circulation pump off Connections to boiler or to solar unit Circulation pump on Heating/cooling secondary circuit Storage tank Water plant delivery Water plant return 25

26 SCHEMES SUMMER FUNCTIONING WITHOUT PREARRANGEMENT FOR HOT SANITARY WATER PRODUCTION Heating/cooling secondary circuit Storage tank Water plant delivery Water plant return WINTER FUNCTIONING WITHOUT PREARRANGEMENT FOR HOT SANITARY WATER PRODUCTION Heating/cooling secondary circuit Storage tank Water plant delivery Water plant return 26

27 CONNECTION BETWEEN TWO OR MORE EXTERNAL UNITS In every external unit one must install System On-Off valves on the pipes. These valves serve to cut the flow and to permit the capacity regulating (adjustment). One must also foresee non return valves to prevent the water countercurrent outflow in the switched off absorption units. Install the absorption units connecting in parallel the inlet and outlet pipes by mean of the proper collector. The water primary circuit pipe is to be connected to the collector as well. To conditioning/heating system Flowmeter Return collector Delivery collector Flowmeter Flowmeter DISTANCE BETWEEN THE ABSORPTION UNITS Modello CAST 13 CAST 20 CAST 30 CAST 60 CAST 85 CAST CAST CAST A [mm]

28 UNIQUE MACHINE FOR CONDITIONING ALL OVER A YEAR SUMMER WINTER EFFICIENCY UP TO 130% EFFICIENCY UP TO 107% Hot water for utilities Cooling water Conditioning system 2 Heating Hot water for utilities Floor o thermosiphon heating system In winter CASTALIA produces hot water for heating and for sanitary use In summer CASTALIA produces cooling water for conditioning and hot water for sanitary use SAVING UP TO 40% SAVING UP TO 37% 28

29 CASE HISTORY PrivatE Villa IN Sirmione BANK IN TREVISO APPARTMENT HOUSE IN COMO n. 1 Castalia 125 n. 1 Castalia 60 Thermal power 175 kw Cooling power 172 kw n. 1 Castalia 100 Thermal power 96,6 kw Cooling power 93 kw n. 2 Castalia 30 Thermal power 55 kw Cooling power 46 kw Hotel in Imperia TRADE CENTER IN BOLZANO Hospital IN Milano n. 2 Castalia 140 Thermal power 280 kw Cooling power 230 kw n. 4 Castalia 140 Thermal power 560 kw Cooling power 460 kw n. 2 Castalia 140 n. 2 Castalia 100 Thermal power 473 kw Cooling power 416 kw 29

30 EXAMPLE OF AMORTIZATION (PAYBACK) Examined case: HOTEL STRUCTURE Locality: Sirmione Dimensions: 40m x 18m height 15 Nr. of room: 80 (30 m 3 every room) Conference hall: 200 persons including hall, restaurant and bar WINTER/SUMMER THERMAL CHARGES WINTER SUMMER Energy demand kwh kwh COMPARISON BETWEEN: ELECTRICAL COMPRESSION CASTALIA CHILLER SYSTEM (FOR SUMMER) AND A BOILER (FOR WINTER) Investment Gas price /m 3 0,3 0,3 Electric energy price / kwh 0,2 0,2 Average seasonal efficiency EER - SUMMER 1,04 2,30 Average seasonal efficiency - WINTER 107% 93% Total annual cost and maintenance CASTALIA ELECTRICAL CHILLER (SUMMER) + BOILER (WINTER) Anni AMORTISATION time 3 years 30

31 Services included Inspection&Quotation Feasibility Study Inspection in the customer s site for machine installation trading Functioning tests made by a local customer service centre Technical assistance First ignition and the following ordinary services. There s a possibility to stipulate a annual or multi-year contract for service assistance including a personalized tele-control. Remote tele-control of the machines by means of an exclusive software created by Systema which permits to display the units functional parameters and modify them. It s ideal for clinics, hospitals, restaurants, hotels, etc.. services training AND RESEARCH CENTER LEONARDO DA VINCI 31

32 SYSTEMA S.P.A. Via S. Martino, 17/23 S.GIUSTINA IN COLLE Loc. Fratte Fontane bianche PADOVA - ITALIA Tel r.a. Fax Fax Export Dept. systema@systema.it export dept.: export@systema.it OUR FOREIGN BRANCHES SYSTEMA POLSKA sp. z o.o. UI Szadkowska Zdun ska Wola - POLAND Tel Tel./Fax systema@systemapolska.pl SYSTEMA il kwang E & T CO., LTD An Chung Dong, Kwang San-Ku. Kwang Ju. KOREA Tel Fax ilkwang2@chollian.net SYSTEMA FRANCE s.a.r.l. 31 Rue Wilson Decines FRANCE Tel Télécopie: systema.france@wanadoo.fr SYSTEMA RUS РОССИЯ, , Москва Варшавское шоссе, 17, стр. 5 Тел. +7(495) Факс. +7(495) info@systemarus.ru SYSTEMA ROMANIA s.r.l. B-dui Mihai bravu Sector BUCARESTI - ROMANIA Tel./Fax office@systema.ro SYSTEMA IRAN IRAN\TEHRAN Tel Fax ali.eskandar@systema.it Mobile Iran m.kiaei@systema.it 意大利 SYSTEMA( 中国 ) 公司瓦特斯控制设备 ( 上海 ) 有限公司 WATESI CONTROL EQUIPMENT (SHANG HAI) CO.,LTD. 地址 : 中国 上海市黄渡工业园春浓路 765 号邮编 : 电话 : 传真 : sales@systemachina.com Castalia REV02 Estero