Validation of Loss on Drying Methods in Pet Foods. Dr. Jane M. Caldwell 2018 AAFCO Annual Meeting Fort Lauderdale, FL July 31, 2018
|
|
- Dustin Hunt
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Validation of Loss on Drying Methods in Pet Foods Dr. Jane M. Caldwell 2018 AAFCO Annual Meeting Fort Lauderdale, FL July 31, 2018
2 Pet Food Categories Dry pet food (<15%) Semi-moist pet treats (>15%) Wet pet food (>30%) Freeze-dried pet treats (<8%) Dried Beef Sticks (~13%)
3 Moisture in Dry Pet Food Determined by Titration (Karl Fischer) and Loss-on-Drying (LOD) Oven Methods (Study 1) Method Number Official Name Temp (⁰C) Time (hr) Equipment/Procedure N Mean Moisture Relative Recovery AOAC LOD for Feeds Convection Oven a* 112 AOAC / LOD in Malt Convection Oven a 108 AOAC LOD in Meat Convection Oven a 106 AOAC (I) Moisture in Feed, Grain & Forage (MEOH/Formamide) 50 n/a Titration (Karl Fischer) ab 100 ASTM D Moisture in Plastics 130 var Titration (Karl Fischer) ab 98 AOAC (II) Moisture in Feed, Grain & Forage (boiling MEOH) 66 n/a Titration (Karl Fischer) ab 95 AOAC /925.45A LOD in Sugars (Mod.) 70 4 Vacuum Oven b 87 *Levels not connected by the same letter are significantly different (p > 0.05)
4 Moisture in Dry Pet Food Determined By Titration (Karl Fischer) and Loss-on-Drying Oven (LOD) Oven Methods (Study 2) Moisture Sample AOAC (I) ASTM D AOAC B(b) AOAC AOAC N = 3 Karl Fischer (Feed) Karl Fischer (Plastic) Convection (125⁰C,4 h) Convection (105⁰C,3 h) Vacuum (70⁰C, 4 h) a 6.79 a 6.46 a a 7.31 a 7.14 a a a a a 8.19 a 7.70 a a a a 6.23 a a a a a 7.06 a a a a 9.16 a a 6.73 a 7.16 a 7.07 a a a 7.48 a 6.19 a Means within a row with the same letter are not statistically different (p > 0.05) from Karl Fischer AOAC (I) mean.
5 Observations for LODs in Dry Pet Food KF (AOAC ) is LOD validation standard Convection 135⁰C too hot (118%) 125⁰C okay 104⁰C okay Vacuum: too low at 4 h
6 Moisture in Dry Pet Food (Grain-free) Determined by Titration (Karl Fischer) and Loss-on-Drying (LOD) Oven Methods* Method Lab Temp (⁰C) Time (hr) Equipment/Procedure Mean Moisture Relative Recovery AOAC X Convection Oven 8.72 a** 110 AOAC / Y Convection Oven 8.42 ab 106 AOAC Z Convection Oven 8.18 ab 103 AOAC Y n/a n/a Titration/Methanol extraction (Karl Fischer) 7.93 bc 100 AOCS Ca 2e-84 X n/a n/a Titration (Karl Fischer) 7.79 bcd 98 AOAC X Convection Oven 7.78 bcd 98 NFTA Z Convection Oven 7.76 c 98 AOAC / Y 70 Overnight Vacuum Oven 7.48 cd 94 ASTM D Z 130 n/a Titration (Karl Fischer) 7.24 de 91 AOAC X Vacuum Oven 6.75 ef 85 AOAC Z 70 4 Vacuum Oven 6.24 f 79 *Total N = 34; Lab X & Y had 2 N/method; Lab Z had 5N/method **Levels not connected by the same letter are significantly different (p > 0.05)
7 Moisture in Dry Pet Food (High Protein/Meat) Determined by Titration (Karl Fischer) and Loss-on-Drying (LOD) Oven Methods* Method Lab Temp (⁰C) Time (hr) Equipment/Procedure Mean Moisture Relative Recovery AOAC Z Convection Oven 6.10 a** 111 AOAC X Convection Oven 5.98 ab 109 AOAC / Y Convection Oven 5.82 abc 106 NFTA Z Convection Oven 5.74 bc 105 ASTM D Z 130 n/a Titration (Karl Fischer) 5.52 cd 101 AOAC Y n/a n/a Titration (Karl Fischer) 5.48 cd 100 AOCS Ca 2e-84 X n/a n/a Titration (Karl Fischer) 5.44 cd 99 AOAC X Convection Oven 5.17 de 94 AOAC / Y 70 Overnight Vacuum Oven 4.98 ef 91 AOAC X Vacuum Oven 4.70 fg 86 AOAC Z 70 4 Vacuum Oven 4.40 g 80 *Total N = 34; Lab X & Y had 2 N/method; Lab Z had 5N/method **Levels not connected by the same letter are significantly different (p > 0.05)
8 Moisture in Dry Pet Food (Potato) Determined by Titration (Karl Fischer) and Loss-on-Drying (LOD) Oven Methods* Method Lab Temp (⁰C) Time (hr) Equipment/Procedure Mean Moisture Relative Recovery AOAC Z Convection Oven 9.21 a** 126 AOAC X Convection Oven 9.12 ab 125 AOAC / Y Convection Oven 8.90 ab 122 NFTA Z Convection Oven 8.52 bc 116 AOAC X Convection Oven 7.96 cd 109 ASTM D Z 130 n/a Titration (Karl Fischer) 7.63 d 104 AOAC / Y 70 Overnight Vacuum Oven 7.56 d 103 AOAC Y n/a n/a Titration (Karl Fischer) 7.32 de 100 AOCS Ca 2e-84 X n/a n/a Titration (Karl Fischer) 7.24 de 99 AOAC X Vacuum Oven 6.60 ef 90 AOAC Z 70 4 Vacuum Oven 6.44 f 88 *Total N = 34; Lab X & Y had 2 N/method; Lab Z had 5N/method **Levels not connected by the same letter are significantly different (p > 0.05)
9 Moisture in Dry Pet Food (Economy) Determined by Titration (Karl Fischer) and Loss-on-Drying (LOD) Oven Methods* Method Lab Temp (⁰C) Time (hr) Equipment/Procedure Mean Moisture Relative Recovery AOAC Z Convection Oven 8.45 a** 109 AOAC X Convection Oven 8.20 abc 106 NFTA Z Convection Oven 8.08 ac 105 AOAC / Y Convection Oven 7.76 abcd 101 AOAC Y n/a n/a Titration (Karl Fischer) 7.72 abcd 100 ASTM D Z 130 n/a Titration (Karl Fischer) 7.50 bd 97 AOCS Ca 2e-84 X n/a n/a Titration (Karl Fischer) 7.37 bcd 95 AOAC X Convection Oven 7.28 de 94 AOAC / Y 70 Overnight Vacuum Oven 6.99 def 91 AOAC Z 70 4 Vacuum Oven 6.51 f 84 AOAC X Vacuum Oven 6.45 ef 84 *Total N = 34; Lab X & Y run duplicate reps/method; Lab Z ran quintuplicate reps/method **Levels not connected by the same letter are significantly different (p > 0.05)
10 Observations for LODs in Dry Pet Food; part 2 Did NOT use KF standard for animal feed (1-15%) It depends LAB and INGREDIENT variation Grain-Free 135⁰C might work ( %) 104⁰C good (98%) Vacuum OVERNIGHT (94%) High Protein KFs all close (99-101%) 104⁰C good (94 & 105%) DID NOT RUN 125⁰C
11 Observations for LODs in Dry Pet Food; part 2 Potato 135⁰ too hot ( %) 104⁰C hot ( %) Vacuum ON (103%) It depends Economy 133⁰C great (101%) DID NOT RUN 125⁰C 104 & 105⁰C okay (94 & 105%) Validate with AOAC
12 Moisture in Semi-Moist Pet Treats Determined by Titration (Karl Fischer) and Loss-on-Drying (LOD) Oven Methods Method Number Official Name Temp (⁰C) Time (hr) Equipment/Procedure N Mean Moisture Relative Recovery AOAC LOD for Feeds Convection Oven a* 120 AOAC LOD in Malt Convection Oven a 118 ASTM D Moisture in Plastics 130 var Titration (Karl Fischer) b 103 AOAC /925.45A LOD in Sugars 70 4 Vacuum Oven b 102 AOAC Moisture in Semi- Moist Pet Treats n/a n/a Methanol Extraction Titration (Karl Fischer) b 100 *Levels not connected by the same letter are significantly different (p > 0.05) Glycerin and other humectants in treats. AOAC titrates for moisture in soft-moist and semi-moist pet foods containing moisture and other volatile materials. Gold standard for this matrix. Samples range from 17 to 26% moisture.
13 Observations for LODs in Semi-Moist Pet Treats LOD in Sugars (102%): How sweet it is! Vacuum oven 70⁰C 4 hours
14 Moisture in Wet Pet Food Determined by Titration (Karl Fischer) and Loss-on-Drying (LOD) Oven Methods Method Number Official Name Temp (⁰C) Time (hr) Equipment/Procedure N Mean Moisture Relative Recovery NFTA /2.1.4 AOAC LOD for Forages, Silage, Wet Feeds (Two-step method) Moisture in Semi-Moist Pet Treats (Two-step method) 55 (105) ON (3) Convection Ovens a (n/a) ON (n/a) Convection Oven Methanol Extraction Titration (Karl Fischer) a 100 AOAC LOD in Malt Convection Oven a 98 AOAC B(b) LOD in Meat Convection Oven a 98 AOAC LOD for Feeds Convection Oven a 98 AOAC Moisture in Semi-Moist Pet Treats n/a n/a Methanol Extraction Titration (Karl Fischer) b 94 *Levels not connected by the same letter are significantly different (p > 0.05) AOAC titrates for moisture in soft-moist and semi-moist pet foods containing moisture and other volatile materials.
15 Observations for LODs in Wet Pet Food Two-step methods for KF and LOD 104, 125 & 135⁰C also 98% KF for semi-moist low (94%) More data needed.
16 Moisture in Freeze-Dried Pet Food Treats Determined by Titration (Karl Fischer) and Loss-on-Drying (LOD) Oven Methods Method Number Official Name Temp (⁰C) Time (hr) Equipment/Procedure N Mean Moisture Relative Recovery AOAC (I) Moisture in Feed, Grain & Forage (MEOH/Formamide) 50 n/a Titration (Karl Fischer) a* 100 ASTM D Moisture in Plastics 130 var Titration (Karl Fischer) a 86 AOAC LOD in Malt Convection Oven a 77 AOAC /925.45A AOAC /925.45D** LOD in Sugars 70 4 Vacuum Oven b 23 LOD in Sugars Vacuum Oven b 23 *Levels not connected by the same letter are significantly different (p > 0.05) **No digest quartz sand used in D method.
17 Moisture in Freeze-Dried Pet Food Treats Determined by Titration (Karl Fischer) and Loss-on-Drying (LOD) Oven Methods Study 2 Method Number Official Name Temp (⁰C) Time (hr) Equipment/Procedure N Mean Moisture Relative Recovery AOAC LOD for Feeds Convection Oven a* 138 AOAC B(b) LOD in Meat Convection Oven a 120 AOAC (I) Moisture in Feed, Grain & Forage (MEOH/Formamide) 50 n/a Titration (Karl Fischer) a 100 *Levels not connected by the same letter are significantly different (p > 0.05)
18 Observations for LODs in Freeze-Dried Pet Food Treats Chewy.com <5 to <8% moisture Pure Meat?
19 Moisture in Dried Beef Sticks Determined by Titration (Karl Fischer) and Loss-on-Drying (LOD) Oven Methods Method Number Official Name Temp (⁰C) Time (hr) Equipment/Procedure N Mean Moisture Relative Recovery AOAC (I) Moisture in Feed, Grain & Forage (MEOH/Formamide) 50 n/a Titration (Karl Fischer) a* 100 AOAC LOD for Feeds Convection Oven a 98 AOAC B(b) LOD in Meat Convection Oven a 84 *Levels not connected by the same letter are significantly different (p > 0.05)
20 Discussion of Pet Food LOD Results Review data Commentary period for labs/stakeholders Suggestions for further studies Can we make some conclusions/give guidance?
21 Dr. Jane Caldwell Dr Jane M. Caldwell
22 Karl Fischer (Moisture by Titration) GOLD STANDARD: Reaction of iodine with water. Used for TRUE MOISTURE & NIR calibration Not free of procedural issues.. AOAC (I & II) (2005) Moisture in Animal Feed, Grain and Forage (1-15%) AOAC (1995) Moisture in Soft-Moist & Semi-Moist Pet Treats (20-30%) ASTM D (2011) - Moisture in Plastics ( %) AOCS Ca 2e-84 (1997) Moisture in Fats & Oils
23 AOAC (I) Moisture in Animal Feed, Grain and Forage (1-15%) High-speed homogenization in vessel? Pre-homogenization outside vessel MEOH/Formamide extraction (50⁰C) Time in titration vessel not a factor Run in triplicate Comparable to ASTM D
24 AOAC (II) Moisture in Animal Feed, Grain and Forage (1-15%) Boiling MEOH (66⁰C) No obvious advantages over (I). Small volume of water easy to release? Vapor pressure issues Never used
25 AOAC Moisture in Soft-Moist & Semi-Moist Pet Treats (20-30%) MEOH extraction with titration Shake 15 room temperature 10 g Results always low Limited by time
26 ASTM D Moisture in Plastics ( %) Used by global pet food giants 0.10 to 1.0 g (<0.25 g) Heated to 130 to 140⁰C Rapid: < 15 min
27 AOCS Ca 2e-84 (1997) Moisture in Fats & Oils 5-25 g sample of fat or oil Chloroform/methanol extraction Electrometric end point No time restrictions
Dedicated Analytical Solutions. The Complete Chemical Analysis Collection
Dedicated Analytical Solutions The Complete Chemical Analysis Collection Sample Preparation Good results start with sample preparation. Instrument errors are very small compared to the errors associated
More informationThe effect of organic fertilizers and thinning methods on quality parameters and the yield on apple cultivars Aroma and Discovery in Norway
The effect of organic fertilizers and thinning methods on quality parameters and the yield on apple cultivars Aroma and Discovery in Norway A. Koort & E. Vangdal Hardanger is a region in Norway which is
More informationCorn Rootworm Control in Field Corn with planting time treatments. Soil Insecticide Test # 3, 2005
Corn Rootworm Control in Field Corn with planting time treatments. Soil Insecticide Test # 3, 2005 Pest: Crop: Location: Western Corn Rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera Corn, Zea mays L. 26 treatments
More informationEffect of different air velocities on convective thin-layer drying of alfalfa for livestock feeding
Agronomy Research 15(3), 737 744, 2017 Effect of different air velocities on convective thin-layer drying of alfalfa for livestock feeding P. Kic Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Faculty of Engineering,
More informationLevels of Production
Levels of Production Syllabus Link: H1.1: Explains manufacturing processes and technologies used in the production of food products. Levels of Production All food manufacturers process and package foods
More informationEffect of Soil Amendment with Dry and Wet Distillers Grains on Growth of Canola and Soil Properties
Effect of Soil Amendment with Dry and Wet Distillers Grains on Growth of Canola and Soil Properties Peiyuan Qian, Jeff Schoenau, Tom King and Cory Fatteicher Department of Soil Science, University of Saskatchewan,
More informationTovatech LLC Phone (973) Rutgers St, Maplewood, NJ 07040
Moisture content is a quality control criterion signifying the amount of moisture in a product. Laws as well as industry trade associations define the correct moisture content for a broad range of products
More informationOptimizing Continuous Deodorization for Quality and Energy
106th AOCS Annual Meeting Update on New Technologies and Processes in Oils and Fats Optimizing Continuous Deodorization for Quality and Energy Jim Willits, Sr. Consultant Desmet Ballestra North America
More informationApple Rootstock Trials in British Columbia, Canada
Apple Rootstock Trials in British Columbia, Canada Cheryl Hampson Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Pacific Agri-Food Research Centre, PO Box 5000, Summerland, B.C. V0H 1Z0 The AAFC research centre at
More informationA. GENERAL INFORMATION No. 23(1) GUIDELINES FOR CONVECTION OVENS A convection oven has a blower fan which circulates hot air throughout the oven,
A. GENERAL INFORMATION No. 23(1) GUIDELINES FOR CONVECTION OVENS A convection oven has a blower fan which circulates hot air throughout the oven, eliminating cold spots and promoting rapid cooking. Overall,
More informationBATCH ATMOSPHERIC COOKER
Food Processing Equipment The NEAEN Unicook BATCH ATMOSPHERIC COOKER The universal batch cooker NEAEN Unicook is an effective and affordable solution for the preparation of various food products, offering
More informationEvaporation Technology
FENIX Evaporation Technology ENGINEERING-EQUIPMENT-TURNKEY SYSTEMS FALLING FILM EVAPORATOR FORCED CIRCULATION EVAPORATOR MULTIPLE EFFECT EVAPORATOR AGITATED THIN FILM EVAPORATOR SHORT PATH DISTILLATION
More informationEffect of Alternative Control Products on the Reduction of Dandelion in Turf J.B. Ross and M.A. Anderson
Effect of Alternative Control Products on the Reduction of Dandelion in Turf J.B. Ross and M.A. Anderson Summary A number of alternative weed control products were tested at three sites throughout western
More informationDIGITAL AIR FRYER USER MANUAL MODEL: PKAIRFR28
DIGITAL AIR FRYER USER MANUAL MODEL: PKAIRFR28 Introduction This all new Air FRYER provides an easy and healthy way to prepare your favorite ingredients. By using hot rapid air circulation and a grill,
More informationWhen evaluating a potting mix for tomato transplant production, consider the following properties:
Organic Transplant Media and Tomato Performance 2007 Betsy Leonard and Anu Rangarajan Dept. of Horticulture, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 bai1@cornell.edu Successful transplant production begins
More informationUnit 4: Phase Changes and Heat Transfer
Heat and Temperature Unit : Phase Changes and Heat Transfer Brent Royuk Sci-202 Concordia University What s the difference? Do you get burned when sparkler sparks fall on you? Their temperature can be
More informationPumpkin Cultivar Performance Trial Grown in Southern Ohio 2018
Pumpkin Cultivar Performance Trial Grown in Southern Ohio 2018 Brad R. Bergefurd, Horticulture Specialist and Extension Educator, South Centers Dr. Sally Miller, Professor Department Plant Pathology, Wooster
More informationDRYING OF MILK SPRAY DRYING
College of Agricultural Engineering and Technology Dept. of Agricultural Processing and Food Engineering Course : Dairy and Food Engineering Chapter 10 DRYING OF MILK (Objectives of milk drying, Spray
More informationAlfa Laval. Kathabar dry air system Icelandic Fish Meal Association. Bent Ludvigsen Global Sales & Technology. 5 6 April 2018
Alfa Laval Kathabar dry air system Icelandic Fish Meal Association 5 6 April 2018 Bent Ludvigsen Global Sales & Technology The company Alfa Laval is a leading global provider of specialized products and
More informationEvaluation of new low- and moderate-chill peach cultivars in coastal southern California
Evaluation of new low- and moderate-chill peach cultivars in coastal southern California Daniel A. Hagillih, Center Director, UC South Coast Research and Extension Center, 7601 Irvine Boulevard, Irvine,
More informationFS 231: Final Exam (5-6-05) Part A (Closed Book): 60 points
Name: Start time: End time: FS 231: Final Exam (5-6-05) Part A (Closed Book): 60 points 1. What are the units of the following quantities? (10 points) a. Enthalpy of a refrigerant b. Dryness fraction of
More informationOVENS Forced Convection Ovens. Economy Forced Convection Ovens. Vacuum Ovens.
OVENS Forced Convection. Economy Forced Convection. Vacuum. Selection Guide Convection Forced [Mechanical] Economy Forced [Mechanical] Natural (Gravity) Economy Natural (Gravity) Operating Temp. Range
More informationCLOVER DRYING PROCESS BY FORCED CONVECTION
CLOVER DRYING PROCESS BY FORCED CONVECTION Pavel Kic Czech University of Life Sciences Prague kic@tf.czu.cz Abstract. The aim of this paper is to inform about the experimental and theoretical investigations
More informationThe Establishment of a National Manure Analysis Proficiency Testing Program
The Establishment of a National Manure Analysis Proficiency Testing Program Jerry Floren Minnesota Department of Agriculture Phone: 651-201-6642 E-mail: jerry.floren@state.mn.us Overview In October 2002
More informationCENTRIFAN PE. Evaporation the Easy, Environmental Way. Reliable Results for Small Samples. Small Volume Evaporator GREEN.
Evaporation the Easy, Environmental Way Reliable Results for Small Samples CENTRIFAN PE TM Small Volume Evaporator GREEN CHEMISTRY www.kdscientific.com CENTRIFAN PE Simplifies Small Volume Evaporation
More informationEffective temperature, relative humidity and air velocity combinations to provide most effective chilling
Effective temperature, relative humidity and air velocity combinations to provide most effective chilling Prof Louw Hoffman Department of Animal Sciences Stellenbosch University RMAA Conference 10 May
More informationSouthern Belle and Cherokee Red Clover in Florida 1
SS-AGR-40 Southern Belle and Cherokee Red Clover in Florida 1 K. H. Quesenberry and A. R. Blount 2 Red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) is a high-quality forage legume that can be grazed in late winter and
More informationA study of vial headspace moisture in an entire freeze dried batch and the factors affecting moisture content variability
A study of vial headspace moisture in an entire freeze dried batch and the factors affecting moisture content variability Isobel Cook Principal Scientist Biopharma Technology Limited specialists in freeze
More information+91-8048077599 Hindustan Apparatus Mfg. Company http://www.bodincubator.net/ Manufacturer and exporter of laboratory equipment, testing instrument, quartz and industrial glassware, oil testing instruments
More informationField Validation of an On-Line FTIR Analyzer for Measuring Total Siloxane Content in Landfill Gas
Field Validation of an On-Line FTIR Analyzer for Measuring Total Siloxane Content in Landfill Gas Barbara Marshik MKS Instruments Barbara_Marshik@MKSinst.com Presented at the 2014 LMOP Conference Distribuido
More informationPerformance of Different Tomato Genotypes in the Arid Tropics of Sudan during the Summer Season. II. Generative Development
Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics Volume 110, No. 2, 2009, pages 147 154 Performance of Different Tomato Genotypes in the Arid Tropics of Sudan during the Summer
More informationIt s all about choices. High volume High production High consistency Increased efficiency Innovation
Cook Chill Advanced Food Production Solutions It s all about choices High volume High production High consistency Increased efficiency Innovation Advanced Food Production Solutions Cleveland Cook Chill
More information2009 NC-140 Peach Rootstock Trial in Massachusetts
University of Massachusetts Amherst From the SelectedWorks of Wesley Autio Summer 2010 2009 NC-140 Peach Rootstock Trial in Massachusetts Wesley Autio, University of Massachusetts - Amherst Jon Clements,
More informationEvaluation of Kentucky Bluegrass Cultivars J.B. Ross and M.A. Anderson
Evaluation of Kentucky Bluegrass Cultivars J.B. Ross and M.A. Anderson Introduction Fifty-two Kentucky bluegrass cultivars were seeded in 2007 for display at the Turf Producers International Conference
More informationDRYING TECHNOLOGY A high efficiency dryer with a unique design. Presented by Mohamed LAMMI
DRYING TECHNOLOGY A high efficiency dryer with a unique design Presented by Mohamed LAMMI A high efficiency dryer with an innovative design 90% energy efficiency reduced energy consumption Homogeneous
More informationHawaii Agriculture Research Center -1- Vegetable Report 2. Hawaii Agriculture Research Center Vegetable Report 2 January 2000
Hawaii Agriculture Research Center -1- Vegetable Report 2 Hawaii Agriculture Research Center Vegetable Report 2 January 2000 INDEX WORDS: asparagus, diversified crop ASPARAGUS PRODUCTION AND VARIETY YIELDS
More informationResearch Report Row Spacing Effect on Forage Sorghum Yield and Quality at Maricopa, AZ, 2015
Research Report Spacing Effect on Forage Sorghum Yield and Quality at Maricopa, AZ, 2015 AZ1730 January 2017 M. J. Ottman 1, D. E. Diaz 2, M. D. Sheedy 3, and R. W. Ward 4 1 Extension Agronomist, University
More informationEstablishing new trees possible impacts of rootstock propagation method on young tree growth Ute Albrecht
Establishing new trees possible impacts of rootstock propagation method on young tree growth Ute Albrecht Southwest Florida Research and Education Center UF/IFAS, Immokalee, FL Rootstock breeding programs
More informationParboiling in Thailand and the World
Kasetsart University June 8th, 2011 Lecture abstract Parboiling in Thailand and the World Content Introduction History Relevance in the different cultures Markets - Facts and figures Process Preparation
More informationSoxtec 200 series Solvent Extraction Solution
Soxtec 200 series Solvent Extraction Solution Labtec Line Soxtec solvent extraction systems for safe, convenient and economical determination of soluble, or extractable, matter. Typically five times faster
More informationSome bold steps have been taken in this respect; modern technologies and efficient energy saving equipments are adopted such as:
Adoption of Energy Saving Equipments at Ramzan Sugar Mills Presented by: Muhammad Yasin Production Manager RAMZAN SUGAR MILLS ABSTRACT In sugar industry energy conservation means to increase the earning
More informationPre-Plant Bulb Dips for Height Control in LA and Oriental Hybrid Lilies
Pre-Plant Bulb Dips for Height Control in LA and Oriental Hybrid Lilies W.B. Miller, A. Chang, G. Legnani, N. Patel, A.P. Ranwala, M. Reitmeier, S.S. Scholl, and B.B. Stewart Department of Horticulture
More informationCOVER SHEET. AUTHOR S NAME: Daniel Lloyd. MAJOR: Soil Science Agricultural Systems Production. DEPARTMENT: Soil Science. MENTOR: Doug Soldat
COVER SHEET TITLE: _Phosphorus Fertility and the Physiological Response of Creeping Bentgrass and Annual Bluegrass AUTHOR S NAME: Daniel Lloyd MAJOR: Soil Science Agricultural Systems Production DEPARTMENT:
More informationPremium Laboratory Equipment HBX EVAPORATION GUIDE
Premium Laboratory Equipment HBX EVAPORATION GUIDE Benchtop Evaporation Our new generation of Hei-VAPs raise efficiency, flexibility and performance to a new, unprecedented level allowing you to spend
More informationAUDITS INTERNATIONAL/FDA U.S. Food Temperature Evaluation Design and Summary Pages
AUDITS INTERNATIONAL/FDA 1999 U.S. Food Temperature Evaluation Design and Summary Pages Table of Contents 1999 U.S. Cold Temperature Evaluation Design and Study Summary Page Project Design 1-3 Summary
More informationTo request a quote or locate your nearest dealer, contact Customer Care toll-free in the US at or
Sample Prep System J2 Scientific introduces the ultimate flexibility and automation for the sample prep lab. The PrepLinc Platform Automated Sample Preparation System offers the ability to combine common
More informationInverted Bucket Float & Thermostatic Radiator Traps STEAM CONTROL PRODUCTS STEAM TRAPS
Inverted Float & Radiator Traps STEAM CONTROL PRODUCTS STEAM TRAPS ABOUT US In 1916, the company, then known as the Sterling Engineering Company, began designing and manufacturing valves, traps, strainers
More informationOperator s Manual. Rev F 1/2/ O Neil Rd, Macedon NY Telephone: (315) Fax: (315)
Rev F 1/2/18 2052 O Neil Rd, Macedon NY 14502 Telephone: (315) 986-8090 Fax: (315) 986-8091 www.ankom.com This page intentionally left blank Table of Contents Introduction... 5 Warranty... 5 Filter Bags...
More informationAquamax KF Oil Evaporator. User Manual
Aquamax KF Oil Evaporator User Manual Edition 1.1 - April 2015 Contents Chapter 1 Introduction... 2 1.1 Instrument Description... 2 1.2 Principle of Measurement... 2 1.3 Instrument Connections... 2 Chapter
More informationUse of energy recovery systems in air conditioning, ventilation or screening
CPC - F24F - 2018.08 F24F AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING (removing dirt or fumes from areas where they are produced B08B 15/00; vertical ducts for
More informationEMITTER TECHNICAL DATA
1 - INFRARED HALOGEN HEATER EMITTERS- INFRARED RADIATION 1.1 - ELETROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM Light can be defined as an electromagnetic wave within the range of 100nm to 100 000nm (1mm). The spectrum s limits
More informationThermo Scientific Rocket Evaporator. Revolutionary solvent evaporation complete laboratory workflow
Thermo Scientific Rocket Evaporator Revolutionary solvent evaporation complete laboratory workflow Sample evaporation with walkaway capability to produce uncompromised results The Thermo Scientific Rocket
More informationPKAIRFR22. User Manual
PKAIRFR22 User Manual INTRODUCTION This all new Air FRYER provides an easy and healthy way of preparing your favorite ingredients. By using hot rapid air circulation and a grill, you can make numerous
More informationTo request a quote or locate your nearest dealer, contact Customer Care toll-free in the US at or
Sample Prep System J2 Scientific introduces the ultimate flexibility and automation for the sample prep lab. The PrepLinc Platform Automated Sample Preparation System offers the ability to combine common
More informationUser Guide HOLSEM-A1 KNOB.
User Guide HOLSEM-A1 KNOB www.holsem.com Specification & Feature: -----Voltage: 120V~60Hz -----Wattage: 1500Watts -----Capacity of basket: 3.4 Quart -----Adjustable temperature: 175 400 -----Timer (0-30
More informationTitle of the paper: Principles of Food Processing F04PF21 FREEZE DRYING AND ROTARY DRYING PROCESS Dr. P. Suganya
Introduction Freeze drying is a low thermal processing method to preserve food materials. Freeze drying process was initiated during Second World War period in order to preserve the foods. Further this
More informationPortable honeycomb matrix compact dryer, with loading, combines dehumidifying plastic resin and conveying into a single unit.
Portable honeycomb matrix compact dryer, with loading, combines dehumidifying plastic resin and conveying into a single unit. Comet s CCD series compact honeycomb matrix dryers incorporate drying and dehumidifying
More informationUser Guide HOLSEM-A2 LED DISPLAY.
User Guide HOLSEM-A2 LED DISPLAY www.holsem.com Specification & Feature: -----Voltage:120V~ 60Hz -----Wattage: 1500Watts -----Capacity of basket: 3.4 Quart -----Adjustable temperature:170 400 -----Timer
More informationP. K. CHAKRA.BORTY AND P. MADHAVAN
LE SET UP E u E Of S RO E P. K. CHAKRA.BORTY AND P. MADHAVAN Central nstitute of Fisheries Technolooy, Motsyopuri P.., Cochin - 682 29 This paper describes a set up for a pilot plant with a capacity of
More informationCEM Mars 5 Microwave Accelerated Reaction System
www.ietltd.com Proudly serving laboratories worldwide since 1979 CALL +1.847.913.0777 for Refurbished & Certified Lab Equipment CEM Mars 5 Microwave Accelerated Reaction System General description and
More informationAir Fryer User Manual PKAIRFR22
Air Fryer User Manual PKAIRFR22 General Basket handle Oil catch plate Basket Handle of door Power-on light Heating-up light Temperature control knob (80-200 ) Timer (0-30min.)/power-on knob Air inlet Air
More information7.4QT DIGITAL AIR FRYER MODEL AF702DCC
7.4QT DIGITAL AIR FRYER MODEL AF702DCC 1 CONGRATULATIONS! The air fryer makes cooking quick, convenient and most importantly healthy. By using rapid hot air convection cooking technology, the air fryer
More informationOptimizing the Efficacy and Use of Vermicasts
Optimizing the Efficacy and Use of Vermicasts Dr. Lord Abbey, P.Ag; Cert. Ad. Ed. Instructor/Researcher, Hort. Production Assiniboine Community College, Brandon, MB Presented at the 23 rd Annual National
More informationRosemary Collier and Andrew Jukes
Project title: Integrated control of carrot pests Project number: FV 312 Project Leader: Rosemary Collier and Andrew Jukes Warwick HRI, Wellesbourne, Warwick CV35 9EF Final report: 27/29 Previous reports:
More informationThe Intelligent Choice for Rapid, Accurate Microwave Moisture/Solids Analysis. Innovators in Microwave Technology. Chemicals & Coatings.
Chemicals & Coatings Dairy Food & Meat Pharmaceuticals The Intelligent Choice for Rapid, Accurate Microwave Moisture/Solids Analysis Pulp & Paper Wastewater Innovators in Microwave Technology Let the SMARTWare
More information2006 CORN ROOTWORM EFFICACY TRIAL YIELDGARD ROOTWORM COMPARISON TO SOIL INSECTICIDES AND SEED TREATMENTS 1. Final Report
The linked image cannot be dis 2006 CORN ROOTWORM EFFICACY TRIAL YIELDGARD ROOTWORM COMPARISON TO SOIL INSECTICIDES AND SEED TREATMENTS 1 Final Report University of Nebraska Agricultural Research and Development
More informationIR-4 Ornamental Horticulture Program Research Report Cover Sheet
IR-4 Ornamental Horticulture Program Research Report over Sheet Researcher(s) harles Gilliam Affiliation: Auburn University Horticulture Department 101 Funchess Hall Auburn AL 36849 PhoneNumber: (334)
More informationPASTURE SCIENCE MANUAL
PASTURE SCIENCE MANUAL Sejun Kikuchi VIETNAM - 2006 Measuring height and length of pasture plant Expectation: I hope that (1) You will correct; (2) Develop further the content of this manual; (3) In order
More informationRiverside County Fire Department Office of the Fire Marshal Market St., Ste. 150, Riverside, CA Ph. (951) Fax (951)
Riverside County Fire Department Office of the Fire Marshal 2300 Market St., Ste. 150, Riverside, CA 92501 Ph. (951) 955-4777 Fax (951) 955-4886 Technical Policy Title: Plant Processing and Extraction
More informationExpt: No 4 Visit to Cold Storage Plant. Date of Visit : 26 July,2017 i.e Friday Div: A and B (BE Mech)
Expt: No 4 Visit to Cold Storage Plant. Place of Visit: M/s Deccancold cold storage, Pune Date of Visit : 26 July,2017 i.e Friday Div: A and B (BE Mech) Reporting time: 11 AM Venue : Gat No. 569/570, Kelavade,
More informationLarge Capacity Air Fryer KA-AFD02 Series USER GUIDE
Large Capacity Air Fryer KA-AFD02 Series USER GUIDE Air Fryer KA-AFD02 Series Contents Components List Use Pictures Important Notes Using the Appliance Cleaning and Storage Common Settings and Tips Environmental
More informationCling Peach ANNUAL REPORT 2006 EVALUATION OF ROOTSTOCKS FOR TOLERANCE TO BACTERIAL CANKER AND ORCHARD REPLANT CONDITIONS.
Cling Peach ANNUAL REPORT 2006 EVALUATION OF ROOTSTOCKS FOR TOLERANCE TO BACTERIAL CANKER AND ORCHARD REPLANT CONDITIONS. T. DeJong 1, A. Almehdi 1, J. Grant 2 and R. Duncan 3 1 Department of Pomology;
More informationCooking using the sous vide technique
Serve Safe Cooking using the sous vide technique Goal Why? To ensure food is safe to eat when prepared using the sous vide method. The Act requires that: Food must be processed and handled in ways that
More informationControlled Release Container Nursery Fertilizer Evaluations. Dr. James T. Midcap
Controlled Release Container Nursery Fertilizer Evaluations Dr. James T. Midcap Purpose: The purpose of this trial was to evaluate controlled release nursery fertilizers under typical nursery conditions.
More informationMINERVA PROJECT. Induction Oven
MINERVA PROJECT Induction Oven Gold Level Training 2012 MINERVA PROJECT Product Evolution Chapter List Table of Contents Product Information Components / accessory Documents Version 1.0 Whirlpool Europe
More informationDacor Technical Service
Attention: This manual is just a section from the complete Wall Oven Service Manual. If you find that you require the complete service manual, which includes exploded views and parts, use and care information
More informationEvaporation studied on a duplicated vessel, pilot scale evaporator equipped with a heat pump
Evaporation studied on a duplicated vessel, pilot scale evaporator equipped with a heat pump 1. Theory In a steam-heated concentrator temperature changes with the location in the vessel because of the
More informationOvens. General Applications. Forced Convection Ovens. Natural Convection Ovens. Vacuum Ovens. Clean Ovens, Class 100
07 General Applications Forced Convection Natural Convection Vacuum Clean, Class 100 Forced Convection General aging and curing, Agricultural genetic, Digestion of proteins and starches, General heating/
More informationDynamic Simulation of a CFB Boiler System
71th IEA-FBC Technical Meeting Dynamic Simulation of a CFB Boiler System 2015. 11. 05, Seoul, Korea Sang Min CHOI Thermal Engineering Lab Thermal Engineering Laboratory KAIST Introduction Dynamic Performance
More informationClick to edit Master title style
Click to edit Master text styles Second level Irrigation Water Management Third level Fourth level Sarah Sommerfeld PAg Irrigation Branch, Saskatchewan Agriculture Soil & Water Workshop February 24, 2010
More informationAIR FRYER. Instruction Manual. item no. 048-GM (949)
AIR FRYER Instruction Manual item no. 048-GM-48212 www.dellaproductsusa.com (949)344-2588 Manual_929TS_48212.indd 1 Manual_929TS_48212.indd 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS Product Introduction... 4 Important Safeguards...
More informationPlease read this manual carefully before you use the appliance and save it for future reference.
The all new Kogan Air Fryer provides an easy and healthy way of preparing your favourite meals and snacks. By using hot rapid air circulation and a top grill, it is able to prepare a variety of tasty dishes
More informationManaging Your Unseen Employee: The Ventilation System. The Pig and It s Environment. Keeping Pigs Eating in Hot Weather
Keeping Pigs Eating in Hot Weather Dr. Bob Thaler, South Dakota State University 605-688-5011 robert.thaler@sdstate.edu Session 4, June 1, 2006 1 2 Pigs are VERY adaptable to their environment Effect of
More informationmysugarcase / MedAngel Test
mysugarcase / MedAngel Test OBJECTIVES 1. Do medications stored in the inlay of a mysugarcase combi risk freezing, when an ice pad is inserted in the ice pad pocket? 1.1 What is the minimum temperature
More informationMODEL V24XP V24 VERTICAL ROTISSERIE INSTALLATION/OPERATION MANUAL
An American Tradition Since 1954! MODEL V24XP V24 VERTICAL ROTISSERIE INSTALLATION/OPERATION MANUAL Be sure ALL installers read, understand, and have access to this manual at all times. Bro-Tisserie Foods
More informationREVENT Vacuum cooling
REVENT Vacuum cooling How does Vacuum cooling work? > The baked goods is moved directly from the oven into a chamber. > A pump lowers the air pressure in the Cooling chamber, following a pre programmed
More informationUNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE Agricultural Research Service Washington, D.C
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE Agricultural Research Service Washington, D.C. 20250 NOTICE TO FRUIT GROWERS AND 1\u~SERYMENRELATIVE TO THE NAMING ANTI RELEASE OF THE US-897 CITRUS ROOTSTOCK The
More informationbehr Labor-Technik Kjeldahl method for determining nitrogen
behr Labor-Technik EN Kjeldahl method for determining nitrogen Contents Kjeldahl method for determining nitrogen The behr program for determination of nitrogen using the Kjeldahl method 4 behr Kjeldahl
More informationMWEA Annual Conference 2013 Grandville CWP Egg Shaped Digester Unconventional Startup
MWEA Annual Conference 2013 Grandville CWP Egg Shaped Digester Unconventional Startup Presented by: Todd Wibright, City of Grandville, and Brian Hannon, P.E., Moore & Bruggink Presentation Agenda Brief
More informationEvaporation Technology
FENIX Evaporation Technology ENGINEERING-EQUIPMENT-TURNKEY SYSTEMS FALLING FILM EVAPORATOR FORCED CIRCULATION EVAPORATOR MULTIPLE EFFECT EVAPORATOR AGITATED THIN FILM EVAPORATOR SHORT PATH DISTILLATION
More informationBasic Principals of Air conditioning By Dr. Esam Mejbil Abed
REPUBLIC OF IRAQ Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research University of Babylon College of Engineering Mechanical Engineering Department Basic Principals of Air conditioning By Dr. Esam Mejbil
More informationAIR FRYER INSTRUCTION MANUAL
AIR FRYER INSTRUCTION MANUAL HOUSEHOLD USE ONLY Shenzhen TidylifeTrading Co., Ltd. Xingduhaoting,Buji Street,Longgang District,Shenzhen Facebook Page:www.facebook.com/Tidylifeservice Website:www.tidylife.cc
More informationATMOSPHERIC CONDENSATE HONEY DRYER
ATMOSPHERIC CONDENSATE HONEY DRYER HONEMA TurboHive-A Drying honey is used in cases where the moisture content of the honey exceeds 18-20%, on account of either its early collection or poor quality. High
More informationcreating the right atmosphere NEW SERIES Galaxy Plus 170 litre CO 2 Incubators Advanced design for optimum results
creating the right atmosphere NEW SERIES Galaxy Plus 170 litre CO 2 Incubators Advanced design for optimum results Galaxy Plus creating perfect conditions Scientists told us how they used CO 2 incubators
More informationOperating Instruction Manual
Data Support Company P.O Box #261338 Encino, California 91426 Phone: 800-726-5883 Fax: 818-988-7671 www.dsctest.com Operating Instruction Manual HFT-2000F FAT / MOISTURE ANALYZER Table of Contents 1: Table
More informationEvaluation of Alternative Grasses for Turfgrass Use J.B. Ross and M.A. Anderson
Evaluation of Alternative Grasses for Turfgrass Use J.B. Ross and M.A. Anderson Summary Six individual grasses and two grass blends were established in order to test their suitability for use as turfgrass.
More informationPage 1 of 26 IN THE NAME OF ALLAH, THE MOST BENEFICENT, THE MOST MERCIFUL RATED: OVER ALL BEST PAPER OF 48 TH CONVENTION
Page 1 of 26 IN THE NAME OF ALLAH, THE MOST BENEFICENT, THE MOST MERCIFUL RATED: OVER ALL BEST PAPER OF 48 TH CONVENTION RASOOL NAWAZ SUGAR MILLS PVT LTD., (SHAMIM SUGAR MILLS) (A Project of Gourmet Pakistan)
More informationThe SPX World of Industrial Drying Technologies
The SPX World of Industrial Drying Technologies White Paper Table of Contents Introduction to SPX Flow Technology 3 Vision and commitment 3 Customer focus 3 Spray Dryers 4 Vacuum and freeze drying 6 Freeze
More informationSmart Health Air Fryer VSLAF14LCD
Smart Health Air Fryer VSLAF14LCD Introduction The Smart Health Air Fryer provides an easy and healthy way of preparing your favorite foods by using hot rapid air circulation. Using our Advanced Smart
More informationFireFighter Antifreeze
FireFighter Antifreeze FireFighter Antifreeze Factory Pre-mixed Antifreeze for Wet Fire Sprinkler Systems FireFighter non-toxic Q antifreeze solutions are designed specifically for wet fire sprinkler systems.
More information