EXPOSURE Hazard Potential Effects Sources Exposure Mechanism Existing or Suggested Control

Transcription

1 Student Manual Hazard Sheets Page 1

2 Asbestos Inhalation ❷ Irritant ❷ Carcinogen Chapter 7 - Indoor Air ❷ Insulation ❷ Fire-protective coatings on combustion equipment ❷ Worn flooring ❷ Exterior cladding ❷ Roadside dust ❷ Air drawn in from outside ❷ Tracked-in dust ❷ Dust from remodeling ❷ Dust from asbestos removal projects ❷ Cover and seal suspected asbestos-containing material and do not disturb ❷ Use qualified contractor to remove asbestos-containing materials; remove occupants during and immediately after asbestos-removal project ❷ Remove shoes at door or wipe feet on door mats Handout: Asbestos Student Manual Hazard Sheets Page 2

3 Cleaning products Inhaled, ingested, or skin contact Chapter 2 - Asthma Chapter 7 - Indoor Air Chapter 8 - Chemicals ❷ Allergen ❷ Irritant ❷ Toxin ❷ Carcinogen Hazardous Household Products, Asthma Poison ❷ Improper selection of cleaning products ❷ Improper use of cleaning products ❷ Proper use of products, but by people who are allergic or sensitive to those products ❷ Spills ❷ Interaction between cleaning compounds ❷ Inhalation of fumes released during normal use drying ❷ Abnormally high exposure from spills ❷ Skin contact with caustic compounds or other irritants ❷ Accidental ingestion - misidentification by children and others ❷ Reduce the need for cleaning products by using door mats or a shoes-off policy and by selecting easy-to-clean finishes and furnishings ❷ Increase ventilation during drying period ❷ Substitute less-toxic or nontoxic products ❷ Follow proper storage, use, and disposal procedures ❷ Clean when sensitive individuals are not present ❷ Consider maintenance and cleaning requirements when remodeling or selecting new furnishings Student Manual Hazard Sheets Page 3

4 Combustion products Chapter 7 - Indoor Air Inhaled or ingested ❷ Irritant ❷ Toxin ❷ Carcinogen ❷ Combustion in the house ❷ Traffic ❷ Neighbors (residential, commercial, or industrial) ❷ Air drawn in from outside ❷ Spillage from vented combustion devices: furnace, boiler, fireplace, wood stove, water heater ❷ Unvented space heaters ❷ Hobbies ❷ Tobacco ❷ Clean and inspect chimney and flue annually ❷ Maintain equipment ❷ Professional inspection for backdrafting ❷ Avoid unvented space heaters ❷ Provide positive exhaust for any combustion equipment ❷ Provide outdoor air source for combustion equipment Carbon Monoxide & Combustion Appliances, ETS-Secondhand Smoke, Fire Extinguishers, Poison, Smoke Detectors Student Manual Hazard Sheets Page 4

5 Dust/Particles Inhaled ❷ Irritant ❷ Allergen ❷ Carcinogen There are references to particles in Chapters 2-9, depending on the nature of the particles. Cleaning, Carpet, Asthma, Ozone ❷ Combustion, including tobacco smoke, wood stoves, and outdoor trash fires ❷ Nearby road traffic ❷ Nearby exposed dirt/sand ❷ Tracked-in dirt ❷ Pets ❷ Skin flakes ❷ Fabric, paper, or mineral fibers ❷ Indoor dust ❷ Dust mites ❷ Dust disturbed during cleaning (e.g., sweeping, vacuuming) ❷ Dust disturbed by wind ❷ Proximity to combustion source (e.g., smoker, wood stove, trash fire) ❷ Remove shoes when entering house or wipe shoes on floor mat ❷ Avoid indoor (furry or feathered) pets ❷ Use vacuum with HEPA filter ❷ Control indoor humidity to discourage dust mites ❷ Wash bedclothes in hot water ❷ Minimize upholstery, carpeting, other dust-catching furnishings Student Manual Hazard Sheets Page 5

6 Fire Lung damage, burns, or ❷ Combustion in death house or yard General Safety, Fire Extinguishers, Smoke Detectors, Carbon Monoxide & Combustion Appliances ❷ Indoor smoking ❷ Electrical malfunction ❷ Misuse of electrical heating appliances ❷ Cooking accident ❷ Chimney fire (e.g., fireplaces, woodburning stoves) ❷ Spontaneous combustion of flammable materials ❷ Hobby/workshop use of propane torch ❷ Children playing with matches ❷ Install and maintain smoke detectors ❷ Keep and maintain fire extinguishers in kitchen, basement, garage ❷ Prohibit indoor smoking ❷ Store flammable materials and trash away from house ❷ Clean, inspect and maintain fireplace and wood burning stove chimneys/flues ❷ Upgrade electrical system to handle load; avoid overuse of extension cords ❷ Repair or replace frayed or defective electrical cords ❷ Do not leave fires unattended ❷ Control hobby and workshop areas to maintain clean, safe conditions ❷ Store matches & lighters out of reach of children ❷ Use electrical outlet covers on unused outlets (homes with young children) Student Manual Hazard Sheets Page 6

7 Food borne and Ingestion ❷ Contaminated food ❷ Ingestion of contaminated water-borne ❷ Toxin ❷ Improperly-stored food or water or spoiled ❷ Pathogen food food pathogens ❷ Contaminated water Food Safety, Hygiene ❷ Boil or filter water or use bottled water for drinking if contamination is suspected ❷ Cook food thoroughly to destroy bacteria ❷ Store food properly; maintain refrigerator and freezer cold enough to retard spoilage ❷ Use food within recommended time period after purchase ❷ Discard suspect food items without eating them ❷ Do not allow pests to live in house Student Manual Hazard Sheets Page 7

8 Formaldehyde Inhaled ❷ Inhalation of fumes ❷ Irritant released during curing ❷ Allergen process ❷ Carcinogen Chapter 2- Asthma Chapter 7 - Indoor Air ❷ Composition wood products (e.g., particleboard, plywood) ❷ Resins ❷ Adhesives ❷ New furnishings ❷ Seal formaldehyde-containing materials completely ❷ Select materials that do not contain formaldehyde ❷ Allow time for new furnishings (e.g., furniture, carpet) to cure after installation and before occupancy Formaldehyde, Asthma Student Manual Hazard Sheets Page 8

9 Lead Chronic poisoning by ingestion or inhalation Chapter 4 -Lead Chapter 7 - Indoor Air Lead, Cleaning Lead compounds from: ❷ Lead-based paint and paint dust ❷ Soil contaminated with lead from gasoline and other leaded petroleum distillates ❷ Plumbing piping (e.g., lead pipe, lead solder) ❷ Eating paint chips ❷ Hand-to-mouth transfer of dust from painted surfaces ❷ Inhalation or ingestion of lead-containing soil and dust tracked into the home ❷ Drinking lead-contaminated water ❷ Contact with old, leadcontaining toys If lead is suspected, test to confirm its presence in water, paint or other materials ❷ Flush water pipes before drinking by running water for 1-2 minutes full force ❷ Temporary controls- repair damaged painted surfaces; cover lead-contaminated soil with (nonfood) plantings ❷ Permanent controls- use a qualified professional to remove leadcontaminated materials ❷ Control moisture to avoid blistering of lead paint ❷ Clean up paint chips immediately (Renters - notify the landlord promptly when you are aware of chipping or peeling paint) ❷ Wash children's hands often, especially before meals and before nap or bed time ❷ Keep play areas clean, including floors, window frames, window sills, and other surfaces. Rinse cleaning sponges and mops thoroughly after cleaning dirty and dusty surfaces. ❷ Prevent children from chewing on painted surfaces such as window sills. ❷ Remove or clean shoes before entering house to avoid tracking in dust ❷ Feed children nutritious, low-fat meals high in iron and calcium. (A good diet helps to reduce lead absorption.) Student Manual Hazard Sheets Page 9

10 Chapter 2 - Asthma, Chapter 6 - Mold, Chapter 7 - Indoor Air, Appendix - Regional Concerns Moisture & Mold, Asthma, Cleaning, Crawlspaces, Food Safety, Poison Hazard Potential Effects Sources Exposure Mechanism Existing or Suggested Control Mold Inhaled, ingested ❷ Irritants ❷ Moist carbon-containing materials - wood, paper, Mold will grow wherever it can find sources of moisture and nourishment. ❷ Allergens ❷ Opportunistic pathogens ❷ Toxins food, fabrics ❷ Wet or damp dusty surfaces ❷ Bird or bat droppings ❷ Ingestion of moldy food. ❷ Inhalation of air containing mold spores, mold parts or byproducts (note: many fungal spores are small enough to remain airborne for substantial lengths of time) ❷ Proper food storage and disposal ❷ Keep the building dry - repair water leaks (e.g., roofs, gutters, drainage, plumbing) promptly, prevent water entry from outside, and control indoor humidity and condensation ❷ Use highest quality filters compatible with air moving equipment; replace regularly ❷ Sanitary housekeeping practices - clean and disinfect (follow cleaning guidance); dispose of contaminated materials ❷ Use personal protection (respirators, eye protection) during cleaning and decontamination ❷ Provide adequate ventilation for moist areas (e.g., kitchen, bathroom) including mechanical exhaust ventilation Student Manual Hazard Sheets Page 10

11 Paints & Varnishes Inhaled, ingested, or skin contact ❷ Wet paints/varnishes ❷ Drying/curing paints & Chapter 2 - Asthma Chapter 7 - Indoor Air Chapter 8 -Chemicals ❷ Allergen ❷ Irritant ❷ Toxin ❷ Carcinogen varnishes ❷ Dust and chips of dried paint Hazardous Household Products, Asthma, Art/Crafts/Hobbies, Poison ❷ Inhalation of fumes from wet or newly-applied paints/varnishes ❷ Skin contact with wet paint/varnish ❷ Ingestion of paint chips or dust ❷ Accidental ingestion of paints, varnishes, or solvents by children ❷ Select the least toxic products that will accomplish the job (bear in mind cleaning requirements and life expectancy) ❷ Use products that are durable and easy to clean ❷ Remove residents during painting and keep them away during drying ❷ Increase ventilation during drying/curing ❷ Proper storage ❷ Proper disposal Student Manual Hazard Sheets Page 11

12 Pesticides See also Pests Chapter 8 - Chemicals Chapter 9 - Pests Pest Control, Hazardous Household Products, Poison Acute and chronic poisoning by ingestion, inhalation, and skin absorption ❷ Pesticides (fumes, liquids, solids) - direct contact ❷ Pesticide-contaminated food ❷ Pesticide-contaminated soils ❷ Consumption of pesticidecontaminated food or water (also consumption of dirt, mothballs, and rat poison by babies and young children) ❷ Hand-to-mouth transfer or skin absorption after contact with pesticide-contaminated materials ❷ Inhalation, skin absorption, or hand-to-mouth transfer during use of pesticides ❷ Avoid use of pesticides by adopting IPM strategies ❷ Wear painter's respirator and disposable gloves when using pesticides, wash thoroughly after use ❷ Regular handwashing, especially before meals, naps and bedtime ❷ Good housekeeping practices - vacuum and wash surfaces regularly ❷ Remove shoes at door and use good doormats ❷ Be aware of pesticide usage in your neighborhood -- keep children and pets away from treated areas and indoors during pesticide application ❷ Secure storage ❷ Proper disposal ❷ Air mothballed clothes before wearing Student Manual Hazard Sheets Page 12

13 Pests See also Pesticides Chapter 9 - Pests Pest Control, Hantavirus Inhaled, ingested, injected ❷ Irritants ❷ Allergens ❷ Pathogens ❷ Toxins ❷ Insects, spiders, mites, rodents, birds ❷ Droppings, urine, saliva ❷ Body parts, fur & feathers, dander, eggs ❷ Venom ❷ Inhalation or ingestion of dander, fur/hair, feather particles, skin scales, insect/mite/spider eggs and body parts ❷ Poisoning from pesticide exposure (see Pesticides) ❷ Pathogens - hantavirus, rabies, histoplasmosis ❷ Venom from bites and stings ❷ Exclusion - seal possible entries, screen windows and doors ❷ Filter incoming air ❷ Eliminate food and water sources ❷ Minimize available shelter - reduce clutter, vacuum, dust, and wash surfaces regularly ❷ Handwashing Student Manual Hazard Sheets Page 13

14 Pets Chapter 3 - Dust Chapter 8 - Chemicals Cleaning, Asthma Pest Control ❷ Allergies ❷ Asthma ❷ Dander ❷ Fur/hair ❷ Feathers ❷ Bedding ❷ Inhalation or ingestion of dander, fur/hair, feather particles, skin scales ❷ Poisoning from pesticide exposure (flea treatments) ❷ Tracked-in dust, which may contain lead, other toxins or allergens ❷ Food and water supplies for pets attract pest species ❷ (Rarely) pathogens such as parrot fever, cat scratch fever, rabies, tularemia ❷ Avoid keeping indoor pets ❷ Regular vacuuming and washing of indoor surfaces ❷ Store pet food in secure containers; wash food dishes regularly and do not leave uneaten food sitting in dishes ❷ Wash pets regularly (once/week) ❷ Wash hands after touching pets ❷ Keep pets healthy with regular shots ❷ Consider non-pesticide based flea control Student Manual Hazard Sheets Page 14

15 Plants Inhaled, ingested, or skin contact ❷ Indoor house plants ❷ Outdoor plants (e.g., in ❷ Irritant yard) Chapter 2 - Asthma ❷ Toxin ❷ Allergen Choking hazard Thorns/spines/ bristles Poisonous Plants, Poison, Asthma ❷ Ingestion of toxic or irritating fruits, leaves, or other plant parts ❷ Skin contact with irritating sap/resin from leaves or stem ❷ Inhalation of smoke containing toxins or allergens from burning plants (e.g. poison ivy) ❷ Puncture wounds, cuts, scratches, splinters & thorns ❷ Exercise caution in selecting and locating outdoor and indoor plants ❷ Identify unfamiliar plants before touching them ❷ Protect hands, eyes, and skin from exposure and injury ❷ Control watering and provide overflow protection for indoor plants to avoid mold problems Student Manual Hazard Sheets Page 15

16 Radon Inhalation ❷ Carcinogen Chapter 7 - Indoor Air Handout: Radon ❷ Soil ❷ Radium-containing building stone (unusual) ❷ Well water ❷ Air entering buildings through loose soil/gravel ❷ Gas volatized from well water during showers, cooking ❷ Emanation from radiumbearing stone (e.g. granite floors, mantelpieces - this is unusual) Measure indoor radon levels, following EPA and state guidelines for time, location, and duration of test. ❷ Control indoor-outdoor pressure relationship to maintain neutral to positive pressure in ground contact rooms ❷ Prohibit indoor smoking and minimize other sources of dust/particles ❷ Seal visible entry points ❷ Treat entering water to remove radon ❷ Remove radium-bearing materials from building Student Manual Hazard Sheets Page 16

17 Tobacco smoke Inhaled or ingested ❷ Irritant ❷ Toxin ❷ Carcinogen Chapter 5 - ETS Chapter 7 - Indoor Air ❷ Direct use (smoking) ❷ Indirect exposure (second-hand smoke) ❷ Exposure to smokesaturated clothing, upholstery or other soft furnishings ❷ Inhalation of tobacco smoke and constituent chemicals, either due to direct exposure or exposure to re-emitted volatile compounds ❷ Prohibit indoor smoking ❷ Provide exhaust ventilation and limit smoking to areas with exhaust ventilation ❷ Regular cleaning of fabric (upholstery, clothing) ETS-Secondhand Smoke, Asthma Poison Student Manual Hazard Sheets Page 17

18 Unsanitary conditions Chapter 2 - Asthma Chapter 6 - Mold Unsanitary locations can provide habitats for the growth of bacteria and molds, as well as pest species. Contact with unsanitary conditions in one location leads to cross-contamination as the individual carries dirt to other locations. ❷ Dirty dishes ❷ Unclean surfaces ❷ Insects ❷ Grease ❷ Unwashed hands ❷ Cross-contamination ❷ Accidental ingestion ❷ Inhalation of contaminated air ❷ Thorough clean-up ❷ Increased ventilation ❷ Use disinfectant ❷ Education ❷ Food thermometer Asthma Moisture & Mold Hygiene Inhaled or ingested ❷ Allergen ❷ Toxin Student Manual Hazard Sheets Page 18