Wake County - Falls Lake Program

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1 Wake County - Falls Lake Program Stormwater Engineering Non-Regulatory Approaches to Watershed Protection in Urban and Rural Areas Kurt Smith Watershed Program Wake County Environmental Services Mitch Woodward Area Specialized Agent Watersheds and Water Quality NC Cooperative Extension Service NC State University College of Agri. And Life Sciences

2 A Collaborative Effort - Wake County Environmental Services - NC Division of Water Quality - Army Corps of Engineers - EPA - NC State University - Wake County Cooperative Extension - Natural Resource Conservation Service - Wake County Soil and Water Conservation - Free-Rain - Real-escapes (Private Sector) - Private Landowners/Homeowners Association - NC Horse Council (Non-Profit)

3 Wake County, North Carolina

4

5 Falls Lake Watershed Drinking water supply for approximately 450,000 residents Major recreational and economic resource Impaired for chlorophyll a and for turbidity Neuse Rules 2010 Falls Lake Rules Falls Reservoir Water Supply Nutrient Strategy to address excess nutrient inputs to Falls Lake.

6 Regulation: Neuse Rules Rules Adopted: Point Sources Urban Stormwater Agriculture Nutrient Management Riparian Buffers GOAL: 30% N Reduction in 5 Years ( )

7 Neuse Stormwater Rule 10 municipalities & 5 counties local programs: New development: Load target (3.6 lbs/ac/yr) equates to 30% Offset payment option to EEP or private banks Public Education Illicit discharge elimination Identify retrofit opportunities

8 Mandatory Agricultural Practice 50 foot riparian buffer OR Nutrient management* and 20-foot forested riparian buffer OR 30 feet vegetated buffer OR Nutrient management* Nutrient mgt. education *Must Meet NRCS 590 Standard

9 Falls Lake Recent History 2004 Re-focus on lake s condition Water Quality Impairment identified EPA 303d List Chl-a (Entire Lake) & Turbidity (Above I-85) Overall goals challenge current technology Unprecedented reduction goals 40% TN and 77% TP relative to 2006 baseline (In addition to existing Neuse 30% N reduction goals) August LG submit local programs to DWQ for approval July LGs adopt and implement local program

10 Percent of Data Exceeding Chl-a Standard in Falls Lake I-85 Station ID % over 40 ug/l ELL % LC % LLC % NEU % NEU013B 53.0% NEU0171B 25.0% NEU018E 16.0% NEU019C 4.0% NEU019E 16.0% NEU019L 12.0% NEU019P 9.9% NEU020D 9.9% NC-98 NC-50

11 Project Site Determination Examine Existing Data (NCSU) Determine Data Gaps Gather More Data (Begin Wake County Monitoring Program) Identify Project Site (Black Horse Run $180, EPA Grant)

12 Manure Composter

13 Stormwater Improvements to Upper Barton s Creek

14 Rainwater Harvesting Systems

15 Stream Crossings For Horses

16 Stormwater Engineering Automatic Watering Devices for Horses

17 Establishment of Rain Gardens

18 Pasture Renovation

19 Livestock Exclusion Fencing

20 Steam Restoration and Bank Stabilization 350 Feet

21 Pre and Post Project Monitoring of Black Horse Run Project

22 Expected Results: Manure Composter Manages: 1,309 lbs of manure generated nitrogen 374 lbs of manure generated phosphorus AND No Longer Reaching Upper Barton s Creek, Falls Lake: 15 tons of Sediment per year 262 lbs of Nitrogen 75 lbs of Phosphorus

23 Nutrient Management Education One-day training (~ 6 hr) 1: How water moves 2: Water quality problems 3: Sources of nutrients 4: BMPs 5: Intro to nutrient mgt 6: Soil testing 7: Commodity based nutrient management

24 Types and Numbers of Individuals Trained Type of Applicator Numbers Agriculture ~ 1400 Lawn Care ~ 500 Container Nursery ~ 50

25 I liked it, it was very educational. I got an idea of how easy nitrogen runoff can be into the river. Participants were generally positive.. It made me more aware of the need to watch what we are doing, not to over fertilize due to the environment and the economics, especially as I have land near the river.

26 Rain Garden Installations

27 Project Results 40+ Gardens 13 Workshops -11 Homeowner, 2 Master Gardener Created Local Expertise: Agents - Master Gardeners Landscapers Demonstrations at Fairs and Museum Increased local Interest / Installations Strong Website Support Future opportunities for neighborhood projects

28

29 Failures Victims of the Push-Button Gardeners!

30 Biggest Lesson Learned: In theory, theory and practice are the same, but not in practice.

31 Take Home Message Most rain gardens installed for reasons other than protecting the environment Cost-sharing increased interest Few homeowners or commercial landscape contractors rain garden installation Maintenance issues will continue to dominate On-going educational and regulatory programs emphasizing promotion, inspection and routine maintenance will be critical to success. We Bring Engineering to Life

32 Rain Garden Certification Workshop Identified need for training course to teach residential rain garden design, installation, and maintenance to landscapers 1 st workshop offered April 2009 in Wilmington, NC 15+ more workshops offered since, with 300 total attendees 250+ attendees certified by N.C. State University

33 Workshop Day 1 Schedule: 1. Introduction to Stormwater Management 2. Rain Garden Introduction 3. Rain Garden Siting 4. Rain Garden Design 5. In-class Example 6. Plants for Rain Gardens 7. Rain Garden Construction 8. Inspection and Maintenance 9. Field Tour

34 Workshop Day 2 Schedule: min review talk min Q&A 3. Exam in class portion (1 hr) 4. Exam field portion (1 hr)

35 Rain Garden Construction Laying out the boundary Clogging and compaction Tips and tricks for digging, planting, and mulching a rain garden Examples of rain garden construction

36 Sites: Rain Garden / Cistern

37

38 Exam Field Portion

39 Exam Field Portion

40 Attendees by Profession 7, 4% 2, 1% 1, 1% 8, 5% 14, 9% 16, 10% 23, 15% 37, 23% 51, 32% Landscaper County or City Gov't State Gov't Technician Landscape Architect Other Engineer Student Federal Gov't

41 Durham: Turning Education into Action

42 Stormwater BMP Inspection and Maintenance Key to Acceptance of Stormwater BMP Use & Maintenance: Getting People to Relate

43 Landscape Maintenance: Many BMPs are Landscape Features

44 The Mow, Blow, and Go method will not work for BMPs

45 Is water related recreation important to North Carolina?

46 Link Between Tourism and Water???

47 What We Saw. Caked Bioretention with Dead Vegetation

48 What We Saw Cattails Clogging Drawdown Structures

49 What We Saw Clogged Permeable Pavement due to Rogue Construction

50 What We Saw: Cary Stormwater BMPs (2007) Approximately 425 BMPs in Cary According to one of Cary s inspectors: Timothy Grady, RLA: 95% of BMPs failed initial inspection as they require repairs Most repairs are maintenance related: erosion, trash removal, tree removal

51 Enter the BMP Inspection & Maintenance Certification

52

53 BMPs need Regular inspection of components

54 BMPs need Specialized mowing not scalping

55 BMPs need Specialized pruning

56 BMPs need Plant management

57 BMPs need Water level management

58 BMPs need Protection from sediment

59 BMPs need Regular trash cleaning

60 BMPs can be damaged by Fertilizer

61 BMPs can be damaged by Sediment from traffic or outparcels

62 BMPs can be damaged by Excessive Sediment from upstream

63 BMPs can be damaged by Sedimentatin Poor grass or mulch maintenance

64 BMPs can be damaged by Poor vegetation management (Roundup)

65 BMPs can be damaged by Scalping: Excessive mowing or mowing too low

66 BMPs can be damaged by Compaction

67

68 List of Certified Professionals

69 How Popular is the Certification? As of Aug. 1, people have been certified Over 30 classes offered, most sell out

70 Has it Worked? Cary BMPs (now) ~ 95% pass, as owners better appreciate value of maintenance after investing in repairs

71 It Works! Teaching how and why stormwater BMPs work Specialized maintenance program for stormwater BMPs developed Students have adopted practices and are incorporating concepts into their designs / maintenance schedules

72 Google: NCSU Backyard Rain Gardens

73 Questions?

12/19/2007. Bill Hunt, PE, Ph.D. NC Cooperative Extension NC State University

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