5 E lements Elements o f of Art Art Color Line Form Texture re Scale

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1 Florida Native Landscaping Lecture 4 Designing with Natives ORH 3815/5815C

2 5 Elements of Art Color Line Form Texturet Scale

3 Zeroscaping

4 The Colorful Home

5 The Colorful Non-native Landscape

6 The Colorful Native Landscape Norcini, 2008

7 Asteraceae Natives

8 The Color Wheel Analogous Complementary Analogous

9 Colors Primaryred, blue, and yellow Secondary-y orange, green, violet Tertiary- fusion of one primary and one secondary

10 Color Schemes Monochromatic- different shades of one color Analogous- colors adjacent on the color wheel Complementary- combine colors directly across the color wheel

11 Color Combinations

12 Color- Leaves, Fruit, Flower, Bark

13 Line Related to eye movement or flow Created by the way plant beds fit or flow together (rhythm) Created vertically by changes in plant height Created by branching habits of plants Ingram, 2003

14 Line Curved lines are smooth, graceful, and create a relaxing, progressive, natural feeling Wasowski, 1994

15 Pattern Lines Arc and Tangent Pattern Lines to Avoid

16 Line

17 Form/Habit Related to plant size Upright, oval, columnar, spreading, weeping Don t depend on pruning to get the shape you want, unless you want a hedge The more extreme the form, the more the plant attracts our attention Ingram, 2003

18 Plant Form/Habit Ilex vomitoria Pendula dl Cordia sebestena

19 Pruning Effects to Achieve Plant Forms Chrysobalanus icaco Conocarpus Coccoloba erectus diversifolia Ilex vomitoria

20 Texture Describes the surface quality of an object that can be seen or felt. Coarse, medium, fine, smooth, rough, glossy Ingram, 2003 Fine Medium Coarse

21 Texture Psychotria Citharexylum Acacia nervosa spinosum farnesiana

22 Texture Combinations John Glover 2001

23 Texture Combinations

24 Accenting Walls

25 Scale/Proportion Scale refers to the size of an object or objects in relation to the surroundings Size refers to definite measurements while scale describes the size relationship between adjacent objects

26 Scale

27 Basic Principles of Design Balance Transition Focalization Repetition/Unity Simplicity

28 Balance Refers to the equilibrium or equality of visual attraction Symmetrical balance is achieved when one side of the design is a mirror image of the other side Ingram, 2003 Asymmetrical Symmetrical

29 Balance Symmetrical Asymmetrical Ingram, 2003

30 Transition Gradual d l change Illustrated by the radial sequence on the color wheel Obtained by the arrangement of objects with varying textures, forms, or sizes in a logical sequential order

31 Texture and Vertical Elements MF M MC MF M MC

32 Focalization Involves leading the eye towards a feature Asymmetrical (indirect) vs. symmetrical (direct) Ingram, 2003

33 Repetition/Unity Refers to the repeated use of features like plants with identical shape, line, form, texture and/or color Too much repetition creates monotony but when used effectively, can lead to rhythm, focalization or emphasis Too much variety creates a cluttered or busy appearance

34 The Linear Garden

35 Simplicity The h reduction of a design to its simplest, functional form, which avoids unnecessary cost and maintenance Goes hand-in-hand with repetition Achieved by elimination of unnecessary detail

36 Designing your Landscape

37 Site Assessment Plant survey- conduct first; quality, quantity, type of material, genus and species Light- observe orientation of the sun; microclimate (temperature, t precipitation, it ti humidity, wind, sun or shade) Water- how do changing seasons affect soil moisture; irrigation, grading; Drainage Soil- examine throughout entire planting area; amendments, soil test Access- don t obstruct access for home repairs and utilities Noise- Take note of good & bad Views- Take note of good & bad

38 Functionality and Aesthetics Landscape designs should be planned on the basis on three major areas: the public area the living i area the service area

39 Composition- A Backward Process 1. Consider mass and silhouette of plants as a series of abstract blocks or various sizes and proportions. 2. Perform a texture study (C=coarse, MC=mediumcoarse, M=medium, MF=medium-fine, F=fine) 3. Perform a color study y( (EG=emerald green, BIG- blue-green, YG=yellow-green, GG=gray-green; RG=red-green, BG=black green) 4. Perform a form study (A=foreground, B=middleground, C=background); (spike form, round form, intermediate form). 5. Perform a plan study directly beneath the abstract composition 6. Select and arrange your plants

40 Abstract, Section, and Plan Studies

41 Selecting gyour Plants Sun requirements Moisture requirements Salt tolerance Mature size Degree of maintenance Invasive potential Nutrient requirements Season Color, form and texture

42 Plant List Area x Multiplier = # Plants Plant Spacing Chart Spacing Multiplier 6 o.c o.c o.c o.c o.c o.c o.c o.c..04

43 2 4 An Urban Home Garden Template =Large trees 2=Small trees 2 3=Accents 3 5 4=Hedge =Large screening shrubs 6=Groundcovers 1 Design by Steven Tate (Haehle and Brookwell, 1999)

44 The Seaside Garden Oceanside 1=Palms 2=Dune Plantings 3=Shrubs 4=Accent Shrubs 5= Ground Covers 6=Hedge 7=Flowering Plants Design by Steven Tate

45 Wildflowers and Grasses in a Naturalistic Border 1=Tall grasses, large flowering plants 2=Medium grasses, wildflowers 3=Low grasses, wildflowers 4=Border plants Design by Steven Tate

46 A Simple Border for Birds and other Wildlife 1=Small tree 2=Large shrubs 3=Medium shrubs 4=Low shrubs 5=Wildflowers and groundcovers Design by Steven Tate

47 A Garden for a Fresh Water Frontage 1=Large trees and palms 2=Small trees and palms 3=Accents 4=Hedge/Shrubs 5=Ground Covers 6=Edge-of-Water Plants Design by Steven Tate

48 IRREC Teaching Gardens