2012 INSTRUMENTATION AND SENSORS RESEARCH REVIEW

Transcription

1 2012 INSTRUMENTATION AND SENSORS RESEARCH REVIEW IAS035C December 2012 Various Analysts Project Analyst ISBN: BCC Research 49 Walnut Park, Building 2 Wellesley, MA , Custom Reports: carol.laverty@bccresearch.com

2 TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER INSTRUMENTATION AND SENSORS RESEARCH REVIEW 1 FOREWORD 1 CHAPTER 2 GLOBAL MARKETS AND TECHNOLOGIES FOR BULK ACOUSTIC WAVE DEVICES (REPORT IAS038A) STUDY GOALS AND OBJECTIVES 3 REASONS FOR DOING THIS STUDY 3 INTENDED AUDIENCE 3 SCOPE AND FORMAT 3 METHODOLOGY 4 INFORMATION SOURCES 4 AUTHOR CREDENTIALS 4 RELATED BCC REPORTS 4 BCC ONLINE SERVICES 5 DISCLAIMER 5 SUMMARY 5 TABLE 1 GLOBAL DEMAND FOR BULK ACOUSTIC WAVE DEVICES, THROUGH 2016 ($ MILLIONS) FIGURE 1 GLOBAL DEMAND FOR BULK ACOUSTIC WAVE DEVICES, ($ MILLIONS) 6 OVERVIEW 7 BULK ACOUSTIC WAVE RESONATORS 7 TABLE 2 ADVANTAGES OF BULK ACOUSTIC WAVE DEVICES 8 TABLE 3 BULK ACOUSTIC PRODUCTS ON THE MARKET 9 TABLE 4 COMPARISON OF BULK ACOUSTIC DEVICES AND COMMERCIALLY AVAILABLE FILTERS ACROSS THE RADIO FREQUENCY COMMUNICATION BANDS Bulk Acoustic Wave Technology Features 10 Bulk Acoustic Wave Technology Advantages 10 Technology Trends Impacting Bulk Acoustic Wave Technologyâ Application Growth Acoustic Wave Devices 10 Overcoming the Filter Cost and Size Bottleneck of Next-Generation Mobile Handsets Bulk Acoustic Wave Technology Applications 11 TABLE 5 TYPICAL BULK ACOUSTIC WAVE DEVICE APPLICATIONS 11 TABLE 6 BULK ACOUSTIC WAVE COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY APPLICATIONS 12 Air Interface Technologies 12 Fourth Generation Long-Term Evolution 12 Long-Term Evolution (LTE) 13 TABLE 7 FREQUENCY DIVISION DUPLEXING (FDD) DOWNLINK PEAK DATA RATES (640AM) 14 TABLE 8 FREQUENCY DIVISION DUPLEXING (FDD) UPLINK PEAK DATA RATES (SINGLE ANTENNA) TABLE 9 TRANSMISSION BANDWIDTH CONFIGURATION 15 Transmission Bandwidth Configurations in LTE 15 TABLE 10 FREQUENCY BANDS SUPPORTED IN LTE 15 Broadband PCS 17 Narrowband PCS 17 Wideband Code Division Multiple Accesses (WCDMA)

3 WIRELESS DEVICES 18 Laptops and PDAs 18 Growth of Wireless Broadband 19 Wi-Fi Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) 19 FIGURE 2 INDUSTRY FORECASTS OF MOBILE DATA TRAFFIC, (NO.) 20 Growing Spectrum Needs 22 Spectrum: The Great Enabler 22 The Importance of Spectrum Flexibility 23 BULK ACOUSTIC WAVE TECHNOLOGY 24 Bulk Acoustic Wave Transducers Materials 24 TABLE 11 BULK ACOUSTIC WAVE FILTER MATERIALS 25 Fabrication of Acoustic Transducers 25 TABLE 12 BULK ACOUSTIC DEVICE PACKAGING 26 Bulk Acoustic Wave Filters and Duplexers 26 TABLE 13 KEY BULK ACOUSTIC WAVE DEVICES 26 BAW Fundamentals 27 TABLE 14 FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES OF BULK ACOUSTIC WAVE TRANSDUCERS 27 Device Architecture 27 Process Issues 28 Quality Factor (Q Factor) 28 Thin Film and Solidly Mounted Bulk Acoustic Wave Resonators 28 Duplexers 28 CHAPTER 3 TERAHERTZ RADIATION SYSTEMS: TECHNOLOGIES AND GLOBAL MARKETS (REPORT IAS029B) STUDY BACKGROUND 30 STUDY GOALS AND OBJECTIVES 30 INTENDED AUDIENCE 30 SCOPE AND FORMAT 31 INFORMATION SOURCES AND METHODOLOGY 31 ANALYST CREDENTIALS 32 RELATED BCC RESEARCH REPORTS 32 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 32 TABLE 15 GLOBAL MARKET FOR TERAHERTZ RADIATION DEVICES AND SYSTEMS, BY TYPE OF SYSTEM, THROUGH 2021 ($ MILLIONS) FIGURE 3 GLOBAL MARKET FOR TERAHERTZ RADIATION DEVICES AND SYSTEMS, BY TYPE OF SYSTEM, THROUGH 2021 ($ MILLIONS) TABLE 16 GLOBAL MARKET FOR TERAHERTZ RADIATION DEVICES AND SYSTEMS, BY APPLICATION, THROUGH 2021 ($ MILLIONS) FIGURE 4 GLOBAL MARKET FOR TERAHERTZ RADIATION DEVICES AND SYSTEMS, BY APPLICATION, THROUGH 2021 ($ MILLIONS) OVERVIEW 35 GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF TERAHERTZ RADIATION 35 Definition and General Description 35 Properties 35 Line of Sight Travel 35 Limited Range 35 Safety

4 Ability to Penetrate Nonconducting Materials 36 Improved Image Resolution/Contrast 36 Absorption by Water and Other Materials 37 Interactions with Metal 37 Spectral Sensitivity 37 History 38 THZ ENABLING TECHNOLOGIES 39 THZ SOURCES 39 Laser Sources 39 Optically Pumped THz Lasers 39 Ti:Sapphire Femtosecond Laser 40 Quantum Cascade Lasers 40 Free-Electron Lasers 41 Electronic Sources 41 Backward-Wave Oscillators 41 Direct Multiplied Sources 42 Photomixing 42 Hybrid Sources 42 THZ DETECTORS 42 Direct Detectors 43 Bolometers 43 Golay Cells 43 Pyroelectric Detectors 43 Semiconductor Detectors 44 Heterodyne Receivers 44 Schottky Mixers 45 Superconductor-Isolator-Superconductor Mixers 45 Hot Electron Bolometer Mixers 45 THz Waveguides 45 Metal Wire Waveguide 45 Other Types of THz Waveguides 46 THZ SWITCHES, REGULATORS, LENSES AND OTHER DEVICES 46 Optically Switched Metamaterial THz Switch 46 Organic Molecule Switching 46 Voltage Controlled Metamaterial THz Modulator 47 Ballistic Deflection THz Transistor 47 THz Lenses, Filters and Windows 47 NEW MATERIALS AND TECHNOLOGIES 47 Nanomaterials 47 Superconductors 48 Metamaterials 49 FIGURE 5 SPLIT RING RESONATOR 49 Graphene 50 Micro-Electromechanical Systems (MEMS) 51 TYPES OF THZ SYSTEMS 51 IMAGING SYSTEMS 52 SPECTROSCOPES 52

5 SENSORS 52 COMMUNICATIONS DEVICES 52 COMPUTERS 53 POTENTIAL THZ END USES AND APPLICATIONS 53 TABLE 17 POTENTIAL END USES AND APPLICATIONS OF THZ RADIATION 53 OVERALL MARKET SIZE AND SEGMENTATION 54 MARKET SIZE 54 FIGURE 6 TRENDS IN GLOBAL MARKET FOR THZ SYSTEMS, ($ MILLIONS) 54 APPLICATION SEGMENTS 54 TABLE 18 MARKET FOR THZ SYSTEMS BY END-USER SEGMENT, THROUGH 2021 ($ MILLIONS) FIGURE 7 THZ MARKET SHARES BY END-USER SEGMENT, (% OF TOTAL SALES) CHAPTER 4 PHARMACY AUTOMATION: TECHNOLOGIES AND GLOBAL MARKETS (REPORT IAS026C) STUDY GOALS AND OBJECTIVES 58 REASONS FOR DOING THE STUDY 58 SCOPE AND FORMAT 58 METHODOLOGY 59 ABOUT THE AUTHOR 59 RELATED BCC REPORTS 60 SUMMARY 60 MAJOR WORLDWIDE PHARMACY AUTOMATION MARKETS 60 TABLE 19 WORLDWIDE INPATIENT AND OUTPATIENT PHARMACY AUTOMATION MARKET BY SEGMENT, THROUGH 2017 ($ MILLIONS) FIGURE 8 WORLDWIDE INPATIENT AND OUTPATIENT PHARMACY AUTOMATION MARKET BY SEGMENT, ($ MILLIONS) KEY TRENDS 61 LEADING MANUFACTURERS 62 INDUSTRY OVERVIEW 62 PHARMACY AUTOMATION INDUSTRY STRUCTURE 62 BACKGROUND, HISTORY AND GROWTH OF THE PHARMACY AUTOMATION MARKET 63 EMPLOYING AUTOMATION TO IMPROVE CURRENT MEDICATION DELIVERY SYSTEMS Areas for Improvement 65 REGULATORY AUTHORITIES 66 Joint Commission of Accredited Healthcare Organizations (JCAHO) 66 Food and Drug Administration (FDA) 66 European Medicines Evaluation Agency (EMEA) 67 European Federation of Pharmaceutical Industries and Associations (EFPIA) 67 Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency (MHRA) 67 Royal Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain (RPSGB) 67 National Patient Safety Agency (NPSA) 67 Japanese Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare (MHLW) 68 Central Drugs Standard Control Organization (CDSCO) 68 Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA) 68 State Food and Drug Administration (SFDA) 68 Federal Trade Commission

6 Drug Enforcement Administration 69 National Association of Boards of Pharmacy 69 ISSUES AFFECTING THE MARKET 69 BAR CODING AND ELECTRONIC MEDICATION ADMINISTRATION 69 TABLE 20 ELECTRONIC HEALTHCARE MEANINGFUL USE STAGES ESTABLISHED BY CMS 70 Standardization of Bar Coding 70 TRENDS IN RADIOFREQUENCY IDENTIFICATION DEVICES (RFID) 72 E-Pedigree Systems and RFID 73 HEALTHCARE PERSONNEL TRENDS 73 Pharmacy Personnel 74 Pharmacists 74 Pharmacy Technicians 75 Direct Care Providers 75 INCREASING NUMBER OF PHARMACISTS IN SELECT REGIONS 76 CONSUMER ISSUES 77 Safety 77 Accuracy and Accountability 77 SAFETY ISSUES 78 FDA Reform Bill 78 Institute for Safe Medication Practices (ISMP) 78 Medication Administration Errors 79 TABLE 21 AVERAGE ANNUAL ADVERSE DRUG REACTIONS AND MEDICATION ADMINISTRATION ERRORS TABLE 22 WIDELY REPORTED TYPES OF MEDICATION ERRORS 80 Organizational Structure and Its Effect on Errors 81 COMPLIANCE ISSUES 81 PATIENT PROTECTION AND AFFORDABLE CARE ACT: NEW REQUIREMENTS FOR LONG-TERM CARE FACILITIES IMPACT OF TELEPHARMACY 82 RETAIL PHARMACY ISSUES 83 IMPLEMENTATION ISSUES 84 Barriers to Implementation 85 Cost-Effectiveness in Pharmacy Automation CHAPTER 5 GLOBAL MARKETS AND TECHNOLOGIES FOR WIRELESS SENSORS (REPORT IAS019A) STUDY GOALS AND OBJECTIVES 88 REASONS FOR DOING THE STUDY 89 SCOPE OF THE REPORT 89 INTENDED AUDIENCE 91 METHODOLOGY 91 INFORMATION SOURCES 91 AUTHOR CREDENTIALS 91 RELATED BCC PUBLICATIONS 92 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 92 TABLE 23 VALUE OF THE GLOBAL MARKET FOR WIRELESS SENSOR DEVICES BY END VERTICAL APPLICATION, THROUGH

7 FIGURE 9 VALUE OF THE GLOBAL MARKET FOR WIRELESS SENSOR DEVICES BY END VERTICAL APPLICATION, ($ MILLIONS) OVERVIEW 95 FUNDAMENTALS OF SENSORS 95 WIRELESS SENSORS 95 MESH NETWORKS 96 INTRODUCTION TO MEASURABLE PARAMETERS 96 TEMPERATURE SENSORS 96 PRESSURE SENSORS 96 LEVEL SENSORS 97 FLOW SENSORS 97 CHEMICAL COMPOSITION SENSORS 97 BIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTIC SENSORS 97 MOTION AND POSITION SENSORS 98 SURVEILLANCE AND IMAGE SENSORS 98 HUMIDITY SENSORS 98 POWER MANAGEMENT IN WIRELESS SENSORS 98 ENERGY HARVESTING 99 WIRELESS WAVEFORMS: THE GENESIS OF MARKET COMPLEXITY BLUETOOTH 101 Introduction and History 101 Technology and Implementation Overview 101 Bluetooth 4.0: The Game Changer 102 Implications for Wireless Sensor Networks 103 RFID 104 Introduction 104 Origins of RFID 104 Technology Overview and Implementation 104 Near-Field Communication (NFC): A Special Case of RFID 105 Implications for Wireless Sensor Networks 106 WI-FI/IPV6 OVER LOW-POWER WIRELESS PERSONAL AREA NETWORKS (6LOWPAN) 106 6LoWPAN 106 ZIGBEE AND RF4CE 107 Introduction and History 107 Technology and Implementation Overview 107 ZigBee PRO 108 ZigBee RF4CE 108 Case Study: ZigBee Smart Energy Profile 109 Implications for Wireless Sensor Networks 109 DOMAIN-SPECIFIC AND PROPRIETARY TECHNOLOGIES 110 WirelessHART 110 Introduction 110 Legacy 110 Technology 111 Implications for Wireless Sensor Networks 112 Wireless Systems for Industrial Automation: Process Control and Related Applications (ISA100.11a)

8 Introduction and Use Cases 113 Technical Facts 113 Interworking 114 Implications for Wireless Sensor Networks 114 EnOcean 114 Introduction 114 Unique Selling Proposition 114 Industry Patronage 115 Implications for Wireless Sensor Networks 116 Z-Wave 116 CHAPTER 6 GLOBAL MARKETS FOR AUTOMOTIVE SENSOR TECHNOLOGIES (REPORT IAS018D) STUDY GOALS AND OBJECTIVES 118 REASONS FOR DOING THE STUDY 118 INTENDED AUDIENCE 118 SCOPE OF REPORT 118 INFORMATION SOURCES 119 ANALYST CREDENTIALS 119 RELATED BCC RESEARCH REPORTS 119 SUMMARY 119 TABLE 24 GLOBAL MARKET FOR AUTOMOBILE SENSORS, THROUGH 2017 ($ MILLIONS) 120 FIGURE 10 GLOBAL MARKET FOR AUTOMOBILE SENSORS, ($ MILLIONS) 120 OVERVIEW 121 DEFINITION OF THE INDUSTRY 121 CONCEPTS IN THE INDUSTRY 121 IMPORTANCE OF THE INDUSTRY 121 LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT OF SENSORS 121 Life Cycle Stages of Sensors 122 Technology Life Cycle 122 HISTORY OF THROTTLE POSITION SENSORS 122 HISTORY OF SPEED SENSORS 123 HISTORY OF SENSORS FOR TPMS 123 HISTORY OF AIR BAG CRASH SENSORS 123 HISTORY OF SENSORS FOR ADAPTIVE CRUISE CONTROL 124 HISTORY OF MEMS SENSORS 124 HISTORY OF ABS SENSORS 125 MODERN ABS 125 GOVERNMENT REGULATIONS 125 QUALITY STANDARDS IN THE AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY 126 TECHNOLOGY 126 OVERVIEW 126 TYPES OF SENSORS BASED ON TECHNOLOGY 127 Rotational Motion Sensors 127 Gas Sensors 127 Oxygen Sensors 128 Nitrogen Oxide (NOx) Sensors 128 Pressure Sensors

9 Pressure Sensors in Automotive Applications 129 Angular and Linear Position Sensors 129 Temperature Sensors 129 Mass Airflow Sensor 129 Accelerometers 130 OTHER TYPES OF SENSORS 130 Level Sensors 130 Speed Sensors 131 Gyroscopes 131 MISCELLANEOUS TYPES OF SENSORS. 131 Microelectromechanical Systems (MEMS) Sensors in Automobiles 131 AUTOMOTIVE SENSORS AND THEIR APPLICATIONS 132 CLASSIFICATION OF SENSORS BASED ON APPLICATION 132

10 LIST OF TABLES TABLE HEADING TABLE 1 GLOBAL DEMAND FOR BULK ACOUSTIC WAVE DEVICES, THROUGH 2016 ($ MILLIONS) TABLE 2 ADVANTAGES OF BULK ACOUSTIC WAVE DEVICES 8 TABLE 3 BULK ACOUSTIC PRODUCTS ON THE MARKET 9 TABLE 4 COMPARISON OF BULK ACOUSTIC DEVICES AND COMMERCIALLY AVAILABLE FILTERS ACROSS THE RADIO FREQUENCY COMMUNICATION BANDS TABLE 5 TYPICAL BULK ACOUSTIC WAVE DEVICE APPLICATIONS 11 TABLE 6 BULK ACOUSTIC WAVE COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY APPLICATIONS 12 TABLE 7 FREQUENCY DIVISION DUPLEXING (FDD) DOWNLINK PEAK DATA RATES (640AM) 14 TABLE 8 FREQUENCY DIVISION DUPLEXING (FDD) UPLINK PEAK DATA RATES (SINGLE ANTENNA) TABLE 9 TRANSMISSION BANDWIDTH CONFIGURATION 15 TABLE 10 FREQUENCY BANDS SUPPORTED IN LTE 15 TABLE 11 BULK ACOUSTIC WAVE FILTER MATERIALS 25 TABLE 12 BULK ACOUSTIC DEVICE PACKAGING 26 TABLE 13 KEY BULK ACOUSTIC WAVE DEVICES 26 TABLE 14 FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES OF BULK ACOUSTIC WAVE TRANSDUCERS 27 TABLE 15 GLOBAL MARKET FOR TERAHERTZ RADIATION DEVICES AND SYSTEMS, BY TYPE OF SYSTEM, THROUGH 2021 ($ MILLIONS) TABLE 16 GLOBAL MARKET FOR TERAHERTZ RADIATION DEVICES AND SYSTEMS, BY APPLICATION, THROUGH 2021 ($ MILLIONS) TABLE 17 POTENTIAL END USES AND APPLICATIONS OF THZ RADIATION 53 TABLE 18 MARKET FOR THZ SYSTEMS BY END-USER SEGMENT, THROUGH 2021 ($ MILLIONS) TABLE 19 WORLDWIDE INPATIENT AND OUTPATIENT PHARMACY AUTOMATION MARKET BY SEGMENT, THROUGH 2017 ($ MILLIONS) TABLE 20 ELECTRONIC HEALTHCARE MEANINGFUL USE STAGES ESTABLISHED BY CMS 70 TABLE 21 AVERAGE ANNUAL ADVERSE DRUG REACTIONS AND MEDICATION ADMINISTRATION ERRORS TABLE 22 WIDELY REPORTED TYPES OF MEDICATION ERRORS 80 TABLE 23 VALUE OF THE GLOBAL MARKET FOR WIRELESS SENSOR DEVICES BY END VERTICAL APPLICATION, THROUGH 2016 TABLE 24 GLOBAL MARKET FOR AUTOMOBILE SENSORS, THROUGH 2017 ($ MILLIONS)

11 LIST OF FIGURES FIGURE TITLE FIGURE 1 GLOBAL DEMAND FOR BULK ACOUSTIC WAVE DEVICES, ($ MILLIONS) 6 FIGURE 2 INDUSTRY FORECASTS OF MOBILE DATA TRAFFIC, (NO.) 20 FIGURE 3 GLOBAL MARKET FOR TERAHERTZ RADIATION DEVICES AND SYSTEMS, BY TYPE OF SYSTEM, THROUGH 2021 ($ MILLIONS) FIGURE 4 GLOBAL MARKET FOR TERAHERTZ RADIATION DEVICES AND SYSTEMS, BY APPLICATION, THROUGH 2021 ($ MILLIONS) FIGURE 5 SPLIT RING RESONATOR 49 FIGURE 6 TRENDS IN GLOBAL MARKET FOR THZ SYSTEMS, ($ MILLIONS) 54 FIGURE 7 THZ MARKET SHARES BY END-USER SEGMENT, (% OF TOTAL SALES) 55 FIGURE 8 WORLDWIDE INPATIENT AND OUTPATIENT PHARMACY AUTOMATION MARKET BY SEGMENT, ($ MILLIONS) FIGURE 9 VALUE OF THE GLOBAL MARKET FOR WIRELESS SENSOR DEVICES BY END VERTICAL APPLICATION, ($ MILLIONS) FIGURE 10 GLOBAL MARKET FOR AUTOMOBILE SENSORS, ($ MILLIONS)