Engineering Technician

Transcription

1 Engineering Technician

2 Contents Module 1 Managing Fire Safety This module will give you a greater understanding of the principles in how to manage fire safety. It will detail the reasons for managing fire risks and the general framework relating to fire and health and safety. A framework for managing fire safety is covered in detail as is the legal and financial consequences for not managing fire safety adequately. The process, sequences and the purpose of investigating fire related incidents is covered and finally the legal and organisational requirements for recording and reporting fire related incidents Module 2 Fire and Explosion This module will give you a greater understanding of the principles of the nature of fire and the combustion process. The ignition of solids, liquids and gases is covered as is the mechanism of fire spread. The principles of how explosions occur and the various types is covered in the course Module 3 The Causes and Prevention of Fire This module will give you a greater understanding of the causes and prevention of fires in the workplace. Initially the common causes of fire are covered and then the fire risks associated with flammable, combustible and explosive substances. The fire risks associated with common workplace processes and activities are discussed and the measures that are required to prevent these fires Module 4 Fire Protection in Buildings This module will give you a greater understanding of fire protection in buildings. It will outline the principles behind the building regulations and how effective building design and construction is utilised to minimise the spread of fire. It also covers in depth the requirements for adequate means of escape in buildings and how access requirements for fire service are achieved. The requirement for escape lighting, fire extinguishers and signage are discussed as is the principles of passive protection.

3 The course includes the principles of fire detection and alarm system and this includes how they operate and the various levels required in buildings. The various early suppression systems available are discussed in depth and this includes the principle of their operation and their limitations Module 5 Safety of people in the event of a fire This module will give you a greater understanding of how to ensure the safety of people in your workplace in the event of a fire. It will give you advice on the factors you need to consider when devising procedures for your employees to follow in the event of a fire. It covers how people perceive and react to fire danger and how you can take measures to ensure that these factors are covered in your procedures. The factors you need to consider with relation to people s behaviour in the event of a fire is covered and how you can ensure that there is a safe evacuation of your workplace in the event of a fire. The module also covers how you can ensure that all person with any disabilities are evacuated safely is discussed Module 6 Fire Risk Assessment in the workplace This module has been designed to enable you to carry out a fire risk assessment in your workplace. It will cover the control measures available and describe the importance of recording and reviewing fire risk assessments. it has been designed to enable you to be able determine fire risk levels in your workplace and advise on improvements to control risks and take steps to minimise the impact of fire and firefighting operations Module 7.1 Building Regulations Part B This module will introduce the Building Regulations and introduce the functional requirements of Part B Fire Safety. The module explains the steps involved in approving the fire safety aspects of building work and the interaction between building regulations and other statutory fire safety requirements in England and Wales. It aims to ensure that developers and designers will be able to receive all the fire safety information relevant to Building Regulations and other statutory approvals in time to avoid abortive work. If followed there should be no need for extra building work to be done at the end of a building project, before the building can be occupied for its intended purpose

4 Module 7.2 B1 Means of Escape This module goes through all the steps required to demonstrate compliance with B1 Means of Escape utilising Approved Document B and BS9999 Fire safety in the Design, Management and Use of Buildings. It covers both horizontal and vertical escape requirements. Module 7.3 B2 Internal Fire Spread (Linings) This module goes how to comply with Part B2 Internal Fire Spread due to the linings. The control of the flammability and other properties of wall and ceiling linings in rooms and other spaces is an important part of building regulations. It is essential to protect the escape routes and this includes the linings of walls and ceilings. Module 7.4 B3 Internal Fire Spread (Structure) This module covers how to ensure that the structure of the building is designed to ensure that the fire is contained. This involves compartmentation and issues such as fire doors and the protection of special risks in the building Module 7.5 B4 External Fire Spread This module covers B4 External fire spread. It covers how to ensure that the building is designed to ensure a fire does not spread to other buildings. This covers the methods offered in ADB, BS9999 and BR187. It covers the enclosing rectangle method, the protractor method and introduces fire engineering calculations to determine the radiation intensity received at the boundary. Module 7.6 B5 Access and Facilities for the Fire Service This module covers B4 External fire spread. It covers how to ensure that the building is designed to ensure a fire does not spread to other buildings. This covers the methods offered in ADB, BS9999 and BR187. It covers the enclosing rectangle method, the protractor method and introduces fire engineering calculations to determine the radiation intensity received at the boundary.

5 Module 7.7 Principles of Fire Engineering Fire engineering inherently requires a good understanding of mathematics, this module will guide you through the process. The module goes through the basics of how to carry out a calculation and in the order it should be carried out. The important issue of transposing formula, a skill which all engineers should possess is covered as is trigonometry, areas and volumes. The module looks at mechanics, electricity, hydraulics including Bernoulli s theorem and other topics that an engineering technician should have an awareness of. Then we move onto how Fire Engineering can be used to demonstrate compliance with the functional requirements of Building Regulations Module 8 Legislation This module has been developed to enable the risk assessor to have a good understanding of the applicability, principles, objectives and intent of the legislation under which the fire risk assessment is carried out, and of any associated legislation. On completion of this module you should be able to determine the extent to which fire safety in premises is adequate and whether duty holders comply with the relevant fire safety legislation. Module 9 Smoke Control Made Simple This course will revolutionise the knowledge on smoke control for all sectors of the industry. We have developed a highly innovative method of determining the ventilation requirements of virtually any building with an atrium from start to finish. Application of this method has been designed to make sure you consider all areas required to ensure the smoke control system is compliant and will certify that the design objectives are met. Module 10 Fire Safety in Blocks of Flats This module will cover the issue of the risks that blocks of flats pose to the safety of the occupants. There has been a number of high profile cases of fires in high rise residential buildings which have resulted in significant loss of life. This module will look at the contributory factors that make these buildings such a high rise including the effects of wind, terrain, height of building and the stack effect. It will also consider the issue of evacuating these occupancies along with some case studies. The issue of false alarms is covered and methods of reducing the impact this can have on the occupants. Preventing the fire spread by appropriate fire stopping is covered as the issue of fixed suppression

6 Module 11 Fire Safety in Health Care Premises This module is aimed at giving guidance on HTM 05 Guidance in support of functional provisions (Fire safety in the design of healthcare premises) Module 12 Fire Safety in Heritage Buildings This module will give you a greater understanding of the areas you need to consider with regards Heritage Buildings. Module 13 Fire Safety for Facility Managers This module has been designed to give guidance for facilities managers. This is a wide field with a diverse range of responsibilities, which are dependent on the structure and size of the organisation. This online course will equip you with the relevant fire safety knowledge you should possess to carry out your duties effectively

7 Introduction An engineering technician is primarily trained in the skills and techniques related to a specific branch of engineering, with a practical understanding and have general fundamental engineering concepts. This course is for those who wish to seek the grade of engineering technician in the field of fire engineering Engineering Technicians play a crucial role in a range of jobs across every branch of the fire engineering profession. The letters EngTech mark you out as a skilled professional engineer. The EngTech award clearly demonstrates that the holder has drive, ambition, experience and commitment and is a competent, registered professional. This course will give you the skills and confidence to carry out this important and vital role in the field of fire engineering. The aim of this course is to enable the student to apply for engineering technician by demonstrating the required professional competencies. This course will cover the core material that an Engineering technician should understand in order to carry out their role effectively. Qualification level The Engineering Technician course is undergoing accreditation through the Institution of Fire Engineers and the Engineering Council. Course duration The course is accredited with 200 hours CPD. Entry requirements There are no entry requirements in terms of academic qualifications; however, you will have to demonstrate 2 years (indicative) experience in the field. You will also need two referees, both suitably qualified senior individuals with knowledge of your professional involvement in fire engineering. You also need to have fully completed EngTech application form including details of IPD objectives A to E.

8 Examination dates Examinations will be carried out periodically in locations around the world. 'On-demand' examinations may be arranged for clients as requested. Pass Mark The pass mark for the examination is 60% for each module. Syllabus Engineering Technician The qualification is divided into 14 separate modules. Module 1 The Management of Fire Safety The importance of good management. Buncefield A case study Rose park care home A case study Fire Statistics Reasons for good standards of management Framework for managing fire safety Duty of care Fire engineering and risk management Fire Safety Plan Fire Safety Managers Responsibilities Enforcement Powers of entry Liaison with other parties External agencies Sources of information on fire risks Fire action plan Fire-fighting access and maintenance plan Building maintenance work and alterations

9 Disabled evacuation Building work hazards Hot work precautions Hot work permit On-going management Independent audit Impact of fire on the environment COMAH Sources of pollution in fire Incident procedures Containment Waste management Water Resources Act 1991 Site clean up Requirements for recording fires Arson Preserving the fire scene New Look Piper Alpha The Kiss Club Degraded planning Module 2 The Principles of Fire and Explosion Behaviour of fire Chemical reactions Nature of fire Stoichiometric mixture Extinguishing fires Flashpoint Vapour density Flammable limits Flashpoint Firepoint Auto ignition temperature Vapour density Flammable range Heat release rates Ceiling jet Class of fire Fire Extinguishers

10 Heat transfer mechanisms Fire spread in buildings Containment Smoke spread Stack effect Solid construction Fire properties of common building materials Flashover Backdraft Mechanism of an explosion Dust explosions Pre-conditions for a dust explosion Primary and secondary explosions MEP and rate of pressure rise Explosion protection Explosion suppression Ducting and explosion protection relief General foods Detonation and deflagration Vapour cloud explosions Unconfined vapour cloud explosion Flixborough Unconfined vapour cloud explosion BLEVE Mexico city DSEAR regulations Zoned areas Seveso West fertiliser company Module 3 Causes and prevention of fire Accidental fires PAT testing Fire and Explosion from fires Storage of flammable liquids Static electricity Lightning Portable heaters Smoking

11 Housekeeping Cooking Use of oxy-fuel equipment Fire and explosion from gas leaks Cylinder leaks Flashback from cylinders Principles of storage Flammable liquids Flammable solids Flammable gases In storage within the workplace Safe systems of work Hot work Dusseldorf What is DSEAR Additional requirements Fire risks during construction Module 4 Fire Protection in Buildings Material alteration Compartmentation Means of escape Security of fire doors Spotting a fire door Fire door terms Upgrading fire doors Staircases Cladding Cavity barriers Construction Products Directive Emergency lighting Testing and maintenance Retrospective installation Fire alarm systems Function of fire detectors Stages of fire development Type of detectors Fire alarm zoning Sounders

12 Fire safety and the law Deaf alerter Wiring Fire signage Fire extinguishers Fire protection in blocks of flats Passive fire protection CE marking Compartmentation Fire resisting ceilings Fire stopping Breaches Ventilation ducts and flues Fire dampers Golden rules for ducts Maintenance Third party certification Active systems Sprinkler systems Myths about sprinklers Automist systems CO2 systems Advantages of system Disadvantages of system Inergen FM200 Dry powder systems DSPA systems Kitchen extract Foam systems Fire Service access Hot work Fire safety in construction sites Large timber framed buildings Management of contractors and permits to work The hot work permit Smoke control the basics Pressurisation Vactec Victaulic system

13 Module 5 Safety of people in event of fire Evacuation procedures Action in event of a fire Specific fire duties Planning for evacuation of disabled Individual plans Assisted evacuation EVC Evacuation chairs Carry down in own wheelchair Evacuation mats Hearing impaired person Fire warden Visually impaired person Evacuation methods Fire drills Raising the alarm Actions required when evacuating public Crowd movement Summerland fire Visual warnings Model of human behaviour Computer modelling Module 6 Fire Risk Assessments in the workplace Competence of fire risk assessors Due diligence Competent fire risk assessor Criminal liabilities Corporate liability Law of tort Choosing a fire risk assessor

14 Accreditation schemes Human behaviour Means of Escape Fire prevention Passive protection Active systems Fire suppression systems Management of fire safety Degraded systems What is a fire risk assessment? ALARP Prior to carrying out a fire risk assessment Scope of PAS 79 The nine steps involved in carrying out a fire risk assessment Hazards introduced by contractors Identifying people at risk Evaluating the risks and adequacy of controls Means of Escape Fire Doors Escape lighting Relevant automatic fire extinguishers Procedures and arrangements Testing Records Risk profile Review Module 7.1 The Principles of Fire and Explosion Building Regulations Functional requirements of building regulations Approvals process Preliminary design considerations Statutory consultation Amended plans Determination Measurements Procedural guidance

15 Module 7.2 B1 Means of Escape History Meeting the requirement Analysis of the problem Criteria for Means of Escape The control problem Travel distance the rules Acceptable Means of Escape Unacceptable Means of Escape Vertical Escape Escalators The Ten Step Guide Purpose groups/risk profile Occupants capacity Travel distances Exit number and width Protection of escape routes Staircase number Staircase width Protection of escape stairs Final exit width External escape routes Summary of design requirements Module 7.3 B2 Internal Fire Spread (Linings) History Control problem Regulations Surface finishes in common escape routes Fire spread and lining materials The requirement

16 Properties of linings The technical provision CE marking Fire protected ceilings Windows Lighting diffusers Upgrading linings Records Extensive over painting Module 7.4 B3 Internal Fire Spread (Structure) Meeting the requirement Performance History Stability Integrity Elements of Structure Structural protection Raised storage areas Compartmentation Ancillary use Sub division Party walls Openings in structure Protected shafts Fire doors Cavity barriers Special provisions for car parks Fire resistance Ventilation factor Glazed fire resisting elements Occupant capacity

17 Module 7.5 B4 External Fire Spread History Meeting Building Regulations Principles of requirements External surfaces of walls Insulation Portal framed buildings External fire spread (ADB) External fire spread (BS9999) The enclosing rectangle method Widely spaced openings Recesses on three sides Recess on two sides Elevation with set back The protractor method Alternative formula method Module 7.6 B5 Access and Facilities for the Fire Service Meeting the requirement History Designing new buildings Facilities for firefighting Firefighting shafts Meeting ADB Fire mains and hydrants Vehicular access to buildings Wet and dry risers Firefighting shafts Siting of firefighting shafts Venting of basements Meeting the requirement for BS9999

18 Module 7.7 Fire Engineering Carrying out calculations Transposing Formula Trigonometry made simple Volumes and areas Density Mechanics Specific heat capacity Latent heat of vapourisation Ideal gas laws Electricity Circuits in series Circuits in parallel Mechanics Forces and motion Work Chemistry of science Molecules Balancing equations Hydraulics Bernoulli s theorem Basic principles of fire engineering History Background Fire Engineering Principles Probabilistic approach Determining fire size ASET and RSET Deterministic approach Advantages of Engineering approach Fire Strategy BS7974 Qualitative design review Assessment against criteria Core function NFPA standards CFD modelling CIBSE guides Modelling human behaviour Case studies Developing a fire strategy Common problems in design

19 Module 8 The Principles of Fire and Explosion The RRFSO Who enforces the RRFSO Structure of the RRFSO Fire Safety Duties Enforcement Interpretation Schedules Part 2 The Ethos of the RRFSO General Fire Precautions Fire Safety Duties Enforcement notices Prohibition notices Due diligence Licensing Primary Authority Module 9 Smoke Control Made Simple This module will revolutionise the knowledge on smoke control for all sectors of the industry. We have developed a highly innovative method of determining the ventilation requirements of virtually any building with an atrium from start to finish. Application of this method has been designed to make sure you consider all areas required to ensure the smoke control system is compliant and will certify that the design objectives are met. History of smoke control Development of fire Methods of smoke control Step one. The first step is to determining the design objectives. The primary reason for any smoke control system is the safe evacuation of the occupants. However, a properly designed and installed system will have other benefits and these may indeed be the design objective

20 Step two. Step two is to determine the design fire size that will be used in determining the requirements of the smoke control system. Although growing fires are a more realistic prediction of the fire growth, it is the convention to use a steady state fire. This will generally be the most pessimistic assumption of the most likely largest fire size that the system will have to deal with. This may have to be determined by considering a number of potential outcomes and identifying worst case. It is essential for the safe operation of the system that the correct design fire size is adopted Step 3. In this step you need to determine the mass flow rate of smoke to be extracted by the ventilation system. Simple plumes Complex plumes Adhered plumes International models available Step four. The temperature of the smoke is important because if it is excessive then it will have an impact on any life safety objectives. Also, if the smoke is cool it may not have sufficient buoyancy to be extracted naturally and a mechanical system may be required. Step five. This is a phenomenon which occurs when the air in the roof space is excessively high when compared to ambient. This may be due to solar or space heating of this area and may cause the smoke to stop rising before it reaches the extract point. Stratification occurs early in the fire development due to the smoke losing its buoyancy relative to its warmer surroundings Step six. In this step you decide on the type of ventilation required either natural or mechanical. Then you have to determine the number of reservoirs required in the building. If you decide on natural ventilation you have to determine the required AvCv for each reservoir which is a combination of area and the co-efficient of the ventilators. For mechanical systems you simply convert mass flow rate to volumetric Step seven. In this step you determine the number of extract points to satisfy the AvCv and this will depend on the co-efficient of the ventilator (usually 0.6) and the sizes available. For mechanical extraction you simply divide the total volumetric extract rate required by the rating of the fans. It may be necessary to add a fan if there is reason to believe a fan may be affected by the fire. Step eight. If the ventilators in a natural ventilation system are too far apart then the smoke may become stagnant and begin to lose its buoyancy prior to being extracted. To avoid this situation, ventilators should not be located too far apart. This may result in an increase in the number of ventilators being required over and above the quantity to satisfy the AvCv requirement. Step nine. In the previous step we determined the minimum number of exhaust points within each reservoir to satisfy the extract requirements, however, this may have to be increased since for any specified layer depth, there is a maximum rate (MCRIT) at which smoky gases can enter any individual exhaust point. Any further attempt to increase the rate of exhaust through that exhaust point merely serves to draw air into the orifice from below the smoke layer. This is generally known as 'plug-holing' Step ten. It is essential to ensure that provision is made to allow for make-up or replacement air to replace the smoke mass being vented by either natural or mechanical means. The inlet air may be provided by automatic vents, doors or extract points in other reservoirs. These inlets must be located below the anticipated smoke layer depth and if usually closed, they must open on receipt of the same signal that operates the rest of the smoke ventilation system. Step Eleven. Post design considerations and is where you considered other issues that may have an effect on the smoke control system. You should consider the effects of the wind on

21 the system along with the effect of tall buildings which may result in natural ventilation systems not being permitted. Fire loading being introduced into shopping malls. Carry out 14 full exercises to demonstrate understanding Module 10 Fire Safety in Blocks of Flats History of blocks of flats? Pre 20th Century Post 20th Century LCC guidance CP3 Chapter 4 Blocks of flats 1950s and 1960s Blocks of flats today Do blocks of flats pose a higher risk than normal houses? Evacuation Fire resistance of flats Standalone structure Services through the building Security in blocks of flats? Gerda system Barrier lock system Paid parking estate scheme Premises information boxes Presenting your plans Fire door sets Complete door sets v upgrade Approved standards and testing Security Performance in real fires Cost savings Human costs Legislation covering blocks of flats What do building regulations apply to? Material alteration Inconsistencies Responsible person

22 Overlap of legislation Protocol o Lakanal house- lessons to be learned o Background o Cross ventilation Lakanal House Means of Escape Previous fires Security doors Refurbishment 2006 The fire Lakanal house fire safety features Composite panels Balcony flat door Staircase Wall linings Fire time line Conclusion The inquest Recommendations to the council What does this highlight? What is a material alteration? Functional requirement Case study Preventing fires in blocks of flats Zero tolerance Managed policy Recycling Electrical hazards Heating and ventilation systems Cooking Arson Selecting a suitable contractor What questions should you ask? What else might you ask? Case studies Consult the workforce Third party certification Smoke control in blocks of flats What is the purpose of cross ventilation? What are its weaknesses? Smoke control requirements Exercises Surface finishes in common escape routes Case studies Internal linings Classification of linings Recognition of hazards

23 Responsibilities of manufacturers and contractors Means of escape in blocks of flats Flats with protected entrance halls Benchmark guidance for blocks of flats Escape over roofs Guidance for blocks of flats that do not meet current guidance Role of Building Regulations Functional requirements Material alteration Compartmentation Means of escape Security of fire doors Spotting a fire door Fire door terms Upgrading fire doors Staircases External fire spread Cladding External fire spread in blocks of flats Building regulations Facilities for the Fire Service Cavity barriers Construction Products Directive Emergency lighting Testing and maintenance Retrospective installation Fire alarm systems Function of fire detectors Stages of fire development Type of detectors Fire alarm zoning Sounders Fire safety and the law Deaf alerter Wiring Fire signage Fire extinguishers Fire protection in blocks of flats Passive fire protection CE marking Compartmentation Fire resisting ceilings Fire stopping Breaches Ventilation ducts and flues Fire dampers Golden rules for ducts Maintenance Third party certification

24 Active systems Sprinkler systems Myths about sprinklers Automist systems CO2 systems Advantages of system Disadvantages of system Security locks and access systems Refuse and chutes Simultaneous evacuations Fire alarm in flats Flats in communal areas Mobility scooters in flats Charging in means of escape Management in blocks of flats Co-ordination with other managers Inspection, testing and maintenance of fire safety facilities Mobility scooters in flats Charging in means of escape Management in blocks of flats Co-ordination with other managers Inspection, testing and maintenance of fire safety facilities Vehicular access to buildings Dry and wet risers Firefighting shafts Signage ire risk assessment in blocks of flats Risk profile General building information Identifying the people at risk Means of escape Means of warning Fire doors Fire service access and facilities Emergency lighting Routine testing Standalone structures How do blocks of flats differ from other occupancies Smoke movement Stack effect Callow mount project

25 Module 11 Fire Safety in Health Care Premises Aims of HTM Regulation 38 The issue of responsible persons and competence Relationship with the CDM regulations Certification schemes Evacuation from hospitals Fire drills Training Dependency of patients Fire detection and alarms Means of escape Compartmentation Escape lighting Security Internal fire spread Fire stopping External fire spread Ventilation and dampers Fixed suppression systems such as sprinklers Requirements for car parks Access and facilities for the fire service Fire mains and hydrants Requirements for car parks Access and facilities for the fire service Fire mains and hydrants Case studies that highlight the importance of management Hazards associated with oxygen Module 12 Fire Safety in Heritage Buildings Introduction Fire Protection in Heritage buildings

26 What is a listed building? Procedure for listing Listing criteria Case studies of fires Heritage buildings The problems! Sprinklers and mist systems in heritage buildings Part B1 problems Part B2 problems Part B3 problems Passive Fire Protection Part B4 problems Part B5 problems Camera based alarm systems Upgrading fire doors Effect of room size on fire spread The Matrix Case studies Module 13 Fire Safety for Facilities Managers This course has been designed for facilities managers. This is a wide field with a diverse range of responsibilities, which are dependent on the structure and size of the organisation. This online course will equip you with the relevant fire safety knowledge you should possess to carry out your duties effectively Role of Facilities Manager Responsibilities Gas Safety Checks Other checks Duty of care checklist The Fire Safety Log Book Maintenance of Fire Safety Systems