Update on lighting standards that impact LED and Non-LED product and system efficiency and performance

Transcription

1 Update on lighting standards that impact LED and Non-LED product and system efficiency and performance Howard Wolfman, PE Lumispec Consulting February 8, 2018

2 Vermont BBD 2012 Copywrite 2012 Howard Wolfman, PE Lumispec Consulting

3 Agenda focusing on LED Standards and Specifications Standards development process UL safety standards ANSI Lighting Group, C137, and other performance standards US FCC standards Specifications..

4 Standards Development Process

5 Standards and Specifications in the Lighting World Definition of a standard A document that provides requirements, specifications, guidelines or characteristics that can be used consistently to ensure that materials, products, processes and services are fit for their purpose developed using an accepted, defined process Definition of a a specification A document that provides performance requirements and is prepared by an organization or company without the use of an accepted, defined process Have you ever used/read/developed a lighting standard?..

6 Who develops Lighting Standards? ANSI certification IES Illuminating Engineering Society-50 ANSLG - American National Standards Lighting Group-100 IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers-10 C137 - Lighting Systems-new 5 C136 Roadway Lighting-16 UL Underwriters Laboratory-40 NSF National Sanitation Foundation-5 CSA-Canadian Standards Association-22 safety, 19 perf IEC International Electrotechnical Commission-141 CIE- Commission Internationale de l Eclairage-50 (International Commission on Illumination) FCC - Federal Communications Commission-2..

7 Who develops lighting specifications? US EPA Lighting program-primarily residential products Lamps Luminaires Design Lights Consortium-primarily commercial/industrial products Qualified Products List (QPL)-323,505 Networked Lighitng Controls-29..

8 EPA Energy Star - Lamps ENERGY STAR Product Specification for Lamps - Voluntary - 53 pages. published Contains lamp requirements for Beam spread Color Life Lumen depreciation Efficacy Stress testing Electrical Dimming Labeling Warranty.. 8

9 DLC Qualified Products List Produced by DesignLights Consortium Specifications and list of qualified products for utility incentive programs V4.0 update updated specs for 15 LED product categories Qualified Products List (QPL) - 323,505 products Networked Lighitng Controls - 29 systems.. See product list at 9

10 Standards Development: Getting Started Technical Determine technical area of interest Existing? Is there already a standard under development in this area? = Join existing group New! New area of interest = Begin new project Decide if the new standard should achieve ANSI accreditation

11 Considerations in developing a standard Consensus Due process Openness Right of appeals Balance WTO Core Principles To ensure: Global and timely market relevance Technical integrity and excellence Collaboration and community building..

12 Standards Development Five principles guide standards development Ensuring integrity and wide acceptance for standards Most standards Development Organizations follow the standardization principles as stated by the World Trade Organization (WTO)

13 Openness Everyone has access to the process Make information and actions publicly available for examination Include all materially interested and affected parties Avoid antitrust situations/appearance of collusion Opportunity to participate does not necessarily mean membership or a vote..

14 Consensus Agreement among the majority Not 100% agreement Defined frequently in balloting rules as 75% approval with at least 50% or 75% of eligible voters voting Usually includes no sustained opposition Obligation to the majority Approve and make available expeditiously Obligation to the minority Attempt to resolve comments..

15 Due Process Develop operating procedures Publish and make procedures available Follow procedures..

16 Balance Representation from all materially interested and affected parties Goal for development Encourage participation during standard s draft development stages Mandatory for balloting Lack of dominance by any one interest group Common categories for interest groups Producer User General interest..

17 Right of Appeal The right to initiate a challenge of the process Bases of appeal can be Technical (within Sponsor) Procedural..

18 Three Choices for Standardization Standards Documents with mandatory requirements Recommended Practices Documents with preferred procedures and positions Guides Documents with suggested approaches to achieve good practice but with no clear-cut recommendations..

19 Publication & Maintenance Standard published after approval Standard is valid for 5 years after approval After 5 years, must be revised, reaffirmed, or withdrawn..

20 Ethics in Standards Development and Application

21 Ethics in Standards

22 Examples of Standards Ethics Abuse Packing the working group or voting pool Hiring shills to participate and vote at meetings Bring in colleagues to participate and vote Falsifying self-certification data Selecting non-representative test samples Creating specially made samples Submitting special products for Standards review Two specially made sets of samples one for safety tests and one for performance tests Placing SDO logo on products that have not been submitted for test and review..

23 Welcome to the Wild, Wild West of LED Standards

24 UL LED Safety Standards UL develops electrical safety standards via Standards technical Panels (STP): UL or other laboratories can test compliance with UL standards

25 UL LED Safety Standards The UL mark means that when a product left its manufacturing location, or modified per UL approved instructions, it complied(s) with requirements in the applicable UL standard Light Emitting Diode (LED) Equipment For Use In Lighting Products Luminaires (Tri-national standard) 1598C - Light-Emitting Diode (LED) Retrofit Luminaire Conversion Kits (TLEDs) Self- ballasted Lamps and Lamp Adapters (Tri-national standard)..

26 UL 8750 Light Emitting Diode (LED) Equipment for Use in Lighting Products (Canada C250.13) Voluntary Safety requirements for LED equipment that is an integral part of a luminaire or other lighting equipment and which operates in the visible light spectrum between nm Requirements also cover the component parts of light emitting diode (LED) equipment, including LED drivers, controllers, arrays, modules, and packages as defined within this standard These lighting products are intended for installation on branch circuits of 600 V nominal or less in accordance with the National Electrical Code (NEC), ANSI/NFPA 70, and for connection to isolated (non-utility connected) power sources such as generators, batteries, fuel cells, solar cells, and the like Requirements in this standard are intended to supplement those in 12 other UL end-product standards including UL

27 UL 1598/CSA /NMX-J-307/1-ANCE Voluntary Standard for Safety for Luminaires 304 pages This Standard applies to luminaires for use in nonhazardous locations and that are intended for installation on branch circuits of 600 V nominal or less between conductors Covers Incandescent, HID, Fluorescent, and SSL luminaires Also covers safety for LED retrofit kits in UL 1598C.. 27

28 UL 1598(C) These requirements apply to light-emitting diode (LED) retrofit luminaire conversion kits that are intended to replace existing light sources and systems in previously installed luminaires that already comply with the requirements in the Standard for Luminaires, UL 1598 This standard contains requirements that supplement the luminaire requirements contained in the Standard for Luminaires, UL 1598 that apply to the retrofit kit and the luminaire LED retrofit kits covered by these requirements include but are not limited to LED lamps and arrays, LED control modules, LED drivers, LED power supplies, wiring, lampholders, brackets, wire connectors, reflectors, diffusers, and other associated mechanical, electrical, or optical devices Contains detailed instructions for modifying luminaire.. 28

29 UL 1598(C) This standard does not cover luminaire reflector kits covered by the Standard for Supplemental Requirements for Luminaire Reflector Kits for Installation on Previously Installed Fluorescent Luminaires, UL 1598B This standard does not cover luminaire conversion lamps that are intended to replace existing lamps without any modification, rewiring, or component replacement in the luminaire other than direct replacement of the lamp using the existing lampholder Requirements for these direct replacement lamps are specified in the Standard for Self-Ballasted Lamps and Lamp Adapters, UL

30 US Performance Standards ANSI/IES RP (nomenclature and definitions) ANSI C82.77 Standard for Lighting Related Power Quality Requirements ANSI C (Light Emitting Diode Drivers Methods of Measurement) IES LM (SSL photometry and electrical measurements) IES LM (measuring lumen maintenance of LED light sources) IES TM (projecting lumen maintenance of LED light sources) IES TM (Method of Evaluating Light Source Color Rendition) IES LM (photometric testing of LED lamps and light engines as a function of temperature) NEMA_ANSLG C (SSL chromaticity specifications) *NEMA SSL-1 (LED drivers) *NEMA SSL-6 (dimming LED lamps) *NEMA 410-Inrush current IEEE 1789 (Flicker) *NEMA SSL 7 Under development ANSI C X (LED Driver Robustness).. 30 * Not developed using the ANSI procedure

31 IES LM 79 (Luminaire photometric testing) Reproducible measurements of total luminous flux, electrical power, luminous intensity distribution, and chromaticity, of solid-state lighting (SSL) products for illumination purposes, under standard conditions Uses Absolute photometry wherein the absolute luminous intensity distribution of a luminaire is measured without separate measurement of the lamps (LEDs).. 31

32 Spectral Power Distribution 32

33 IES LM 79 (Luminaire photometric testing) Covers LED-based SSL products incorporating control electronics and heat sinks requiring only line voltage or DC power supply, SSL luminaires (fixtures incorporating light sources) as well as integrated LED lamps Does not cover SSL products requiring external operating circuits or external heat sinks (I.e. LED chips, packages, and modules or fixtures designed for SSL products sold without a light source.. 33

34 Long-Term Lumen Depreciation Testing 34

35 IES LM-80 Lumen Depreciation Testing (packages, modules) Addresses the measurement of lumen maintenance testing for LED light sources designed and certified to meet lighting industry standards Describes the procedures by which LED light sources can be operated under controlled conditions to obtain optimally comparable data on changes in light output during the life of the lamp lumens Covers the measurement of lumen maintenance of inorganic LED-based packages, arrays and modules Does not attempt to induce any failure modes other than the maintenance of lumens.. 35

36 Realistic Lifetimes Remember L70 50,000 hours? Is 150,000 hours a realistic or reasonable lifetime? At 12 hrs/day that s over 34 years Who will still want today s technology in 30 years? Of course not everything gets better over 30 years Source: Mark Hand, Acuity Brands 36

37 LED Life Claims of 35,000, 50, ,000, or even 200,000 hours of life Lumen maintenance (or lumen depreciation) LED failures Color shift over time.. 37

38 Lifetime definitions for a SSL chip vs. traditional light sources Traditional lifetime definition 50% of universe under test failed LED Lifetime definition L 70 - Lumen Maintenance IES LM80 IES TM21 B 50 - Complete Failure.. 38

39 IES-TM-21 Method of projecting lumen maintenance of LED light sources Problem: predicting LED product performance far in future, when tech is new IES - LM80: standardized method for measuring lumen maintenance based on at least 6,000 hours of testing IES-TM-21: procedure for using LM80 test data to extrapolate/estimate light output beyond LM80 test period Applies to LED packages, modules, arrays.. Long-Term Lumen Depreciation Testing 39

40 IES TM Lighting Control Protocols This document is intended to serve as a technical resource for lighting specifiers integrating control into their projects Covers 17 Control Protocols that can be used for lighting 0-10VDC Front End (Current Source) ACN ASCII BACnet DALI DMX512 EnOcean Konnex LonWorks MIDI and MIDI Show Control Modbus RDM SMPTE TCP/IP XML ZigBee Z-Wave This Technical Memorandum provides unbiased information about the capabilities and shortcomings of the variety of technologies and approaches that exist and that may be appropriate for the lighting controls

41 Bathtub curve 41

42 Glare 42

43 Glare LED-point light source Proper defusing Proper focusing Control Curfew Suitable for outdoor applications Incandescent Fluorescent LED HID.. 43

44 BUG RATINGS Backlight, Uplight, and Glare IES-TM-15 and addenda) An attempt to define, measure, and control unwanted light 44

45 Model Lighting Ordinance (MLO) 45

46 MSSLC Model Specification for LED Roadway Luminaires System Specification (application efficacy), which characterizes luminaire performance based on site characteristics such as mounting height, pole spacing, number of drive lanes, input power, and required light levels and uniformity Material Specification (luminaire efficacy), which characterizes luminaire performance without consideration of site characteristics.. 46

47 Outdoor LED Conclusions Minimize the number of metrics used Avoid using metrics and criteria which may overlap and conflict For example, if a minimum lumens value is specified for a parking lot luminaire, high-performance products which improve uniformity (thereby needing fewer lumens) might be inadvertently excluded from consideration Outdoor LED luminaires have lower light output but better uniformity than HID Source: Solid-State Lighting Program ssl.energy.gov 47

48 Photo credit: SMUD Outdoor LED Conclusions Application-independent metrics (e.g., lumens and BUG ratings) do not provide a direct measure of performance Product performance will vary from project to project The best luminaire for one project may be the worst luminaire for another project Whenever possible, utilize application-dependent metrics (e.g., illuminance and uniformity) Such criteria can be supplemented by simple uplight restrictions LEDs used in both indoor And outdoor applications Have drive currents varying From 350ma to 1 amp.. Source: Solid-State Lighting Program ssl.energy.gov 48

49 FLICKER Do you think that flicker mainly went away with magnetic ballasts? If so check some of the LED products Especially when substantially dimmed with pulse width modulation drivers and/or incandescent type phase cut or wave chopper dimmers Two types of flicker Consciously perceived Sensed, but not consciously aware of Both types may cause eye strain, headaches, seizures, reduced visual acuity, etc. IEEE Published P1789 in June 2015, "Recommending practices for modulating current in High Brightness LEDs for mitigating health risks to viewers" CIE workshop Measuring Flicker February 2017 Ottawa, CA..

50 ANSI C This standard specifies the range of chromaticities recommended for general lighting with Solid State Lighting (SSL) products, as well as to ensure that the white light chromaticities of the products can be communicated to consumers This standard applies to LED-based SSL products with control electronics and heat sinks incorporated--that is, those devices that require only AC mains power or a DC voltage power supply to operate.. 50

51 ANSI C This document covers fixtures incorporating light sources as well as integrated LED lamps The chromaticity requirement in this standard is for general indoor lighting applications. For other applications, chromaticities of light broader than the range specified in this standard are often acceptable. This document does not cover Products that require external operating circuits or additional external heat sinks. Fixtures sold without a light source. SSL products for outdoor applications. SSL products for some indoor applications that intentionally produce tinted or colored light.. 51

52 NEMA SSL 1, ELECTRONIC DRIVERS FOR LED DEVICES, ARRAYS, OR SYSTEMS Provides specifications for and operating characteristics of non-integral electronic drivers (power supplies) for LED devices, arrays, or systems However, the driver generally is or contains the weakest link in the luminaire system electronic components and the electrolytic capacitor. Electronic components and heat +10º C = life/2.. 52

53 FCC 47 Code of Federal Regulations Part 15 Mandatory per US and Canadian governments Covers conducted and radiated EMI and EMC unintentional emissions LED products shall comply with Part 15 before they can be advertised or sold in the US market Fluorescent and HID products shall comply with Part 18 before they can be advertised or sold in the US market Similar requirements in Canada.. 53

54 Horticulture LED lighting LED grow lights will be to be the most preferred grow lights technology between 2018 and 2022 The growth is attributed to the improved energy efficiency offered by LED technology, long operational life, and the ability to vary the light spectrum depending on the type of plant being grown and its current growth stage the legalization of growing marijuana for medical and recreational purposes in North America BUT no Industry Standards yet

55 Grow Lights Deg K Chart LED Kelvin Temperature range

56 Where to get these standards ANSLG and NEMA standards are available for purchase at IES standards are available for purchase at UL standards are available for purchase at 56

57 Future Lighting/LED Standards Activity

58 Spectral Power Distribution 58

59 Regulation of sleep-wake cycle by light

60 Regulation of sleep-wake cycle by light Schools Home TV Blue light Intensity Adult care facilities..

61 Future Lighting/LED Standards Activity Cybersecurity ANSI/NEMA C137.2, UL , NIST Lighting Systems ANSI/NEMA C v DC analog dimming Health applications (Human Centric Lighting) Depression Chronic headache Sensory gating and modulation Emotional status Pain perception Immune system function LiFi in Luminaires??????..

62 Thank You Are there any questions? Howard Wolfman, PE Lumispec Consulting Office Mobile

63 Crimes against lighting

64 Never underestimate the effect of shadow in lighting design.

65 Human-centric lighting trial gets off to bad start

66 Installer Top Tip! No need to fit a separate light in the loft with this dual purpose hatch

67 What IS the IP rating of really tight insulation tape?

68 I said a new wireless MESH network, not a new wireless MESS network!

69 his floodlight is going nowhere... and lighting very little

70 "Just as well this light is LED, or I d have warm nuts."

71 Don't you love the way that alien autopsy white brings out the warm colours of natural wood?

72 The value of lighting beyond illumination