TOLERANCE OF GRAFTED TOMATO PLANTS TO VIRUS INFECTIONS

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Benedict Taylor
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1 TOLERANCE OF GRAFTED TOMATO PLANTS TO VIRUS INFECTIONS N. Petrov 1, E. Balacheva 2, Z. Stoyanova 2, R. Rodeva 2 1 Department of Phytopathology, Institute of Soil Science, Agrotechnologies and Plant Protection ISSAPP N. Pushkarov, 1331 Sofia, Bulgaria 2 Department of Applied Genetics and Plant Biotechnology, Institute of Plant Physiology and Genetics, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria

2 г. Tomato grafting is a technique applied to control mainly soilborne and also some foliar pathogens, including viruses.

3 In Bulgaria, with economic importance are: Tomato mosaic virus (ToMV), Potato virus Y (PVY), Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) г.

4 The purpose of present investigation was to test the effect of rootstocks on the reaction of grafted tomato plants to some important viruses.

5 Material and methods Eight tomato rootstocks Yedi, King Kong, Emperador, Stallone, Bruce, were involved in this study. Montezuma, Colossus Kaiser The seeds were kindly provided by Rijk Zwaan Breeding B.V., De Lier, The Netherlands г.

plants were inoculated with standard virus suspensions of 3 viruses

6 Bulgarian tomato cultivar Rosalina Rossa F1 was used as scion. Non-grafted, self-grafted and grafted on eight rootstocks tomato plants were inoculated with standard virus suspensions of 3 viruses (ToMV, CMV and PVY from the collection of ISSAPP N. Pushkarov ) г.

7 Mechanical inoculation of plants with virus: The plants are inoculated according the method of Noordam (1973) Plants - placed in a room with low light, sprinkled with water; Leaves - dusted with carborundum meshes. Inoculations - performed by gently rubbing the leaves with this homogenate. After 3 5 minutes, the plants were washed with water г.

8 Inoculated plants were daily observed for virus symptoms. The presence or absence of the viral infection in tomato plants was proved by DAS-ELISA (Double Antibody Sandwich Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay): The analysis was conducted by the method of Clark and Adams (1977). A commercial kit of LOEWE Biochemica GmbH, Sauerlach, Germany, was used. The adsorption of the color reaction is measured at Multifunctional detector (DTX 880) at a wavelength of 405 nm. The positive samples had optical density (OD) over the threshold (Cut-off) which is three times the value of the negative control г.

9 Symptoms caused by ToMV on grafted tomato plants using King Kong as rootstock Healthy control Local symptoms 7 days p.i. (small necrotic spots) Systemic symptoms 21 days p.i. (small chlorotic spots)

10 Symptoms caused by ToMV on grafted tomato plants using Kaiser as rootstock Healthy control Systemic symptoms 21 days p.i. (mosaic, leaf deformation and curling) 10

11 Symptoms caused by PVY on grafted tomato plants using Emperador as rootstock Healthy control Local symptoms 14 days p.i. (necrosis) Systemic symptoms 28 days p.i. (necrosis) 11

12 Symptoms caused by PVY on grafted tomato plants using Colossus as rootstock Healthy control Systemic symptoms 28 days p.i. (very small necrotic spots) 12

13 Symptoms caused by CMVon grafted tomato plants using King Kong as rootstock Healthy control Local symptoms 12 days p.i. (Interveinal clearing and necrosis) Systemic symptoms 25 days p.i. (mosaic and leaf deformation) 13

14 Results and discussion 3,5 OD λ=40 5nm 3 2,5 2 1,5 1 Cut off 0,5 0 Yedi K- Yedi King Kong K- Kong kong Emperador K- Emperador Stallone K- Stallone Bruce K- Bruce Montezuma K- Montezuma Colosus K- Colosus Kaiser K- Kaiser K+ ToMV B- ToMV K+ positive control from the kit K- negative control from every cultivar B- negative control buffer DAS-ELISA results for tomato plants inoculated with ToMV (14 days p.i.) Only plants grafted on King Kong, Emperador, Colosus and Kaiser rootstocks were infected with ToMV.

15 OD λ=405 nm 3,5 3 2,5 2,965 2, ,89 2,598 Cut off 2 1,5 1 0,5 0 1,64 Yedi K- Yedi 0,217 King Kong 0,918 K- Kong kong 0,202 Emperador K- Emperador 0,199 Stallone 1,112 0,201 K- Stallone Bruce K- Bruce DAS-ELISA results for tomato plants inoculated with CMV (14 days p.i.) All plants were infected with CMV. 0,213 Montezuma K- Montezuma 0,215 Colosus 0,214 K- Colosus Kaiser 1,986 K- Kaiser 0,218 K+ CMV B- CMV 0,102 K+ positive control from the kit K- negative control from every cultivar B- negative control buffer

16 3,5 OD λ=405 nm 3 2,5 2 2, ,006 2,888 2,615 3 Cut off 1,5 1 0,5 0 Yedi 1,486 1,305 0,216 0,209 0,213 K- Yedi King Kong K- Kong kong Emperador K- Emperador Stallone 0,211 1,128 0,195 0,205 K- Stallone Bruce K- Bruce Montezuma K- Montezuma Colosus 0,212 K- Colosus Kaiser 0,204 K- Kaiser K+ PVY B- PVY 0,098 K+ positive control from the kit K- negative control from every cultivar B- negative control buffer DAS-ELISA results for tomato plants inoculated with PVY (14 days p.i.) All plants were infected with PVY.

17 Rootstock ToMV ToMV CMV CMV PVY PVY Local symptoms Systemic symptoms Local symptoms Systemic symptoms Local symptoms Systemic symptoms Yedi no symptoms no symptoms chlorotic spots leaf mosaic and necrosis no symptoms chlorotic and necrotic spots King Kong chlorotic spots leaf necrosis chlorotic spots leaf necrosis no symptoms no symptoms Emperador necrotic spots mosaic, necrosis and leaf deformation no symptoms no symptoms no symptoms severe leaf necrosis Stallone no symptoms no symptoms no symptoms no symptoms no symptoms no symptoms Bruce no symptoms no symptoms no symptoms mosaic no symptoms chlorotic spots Montezuma no symptoms no symptoms no symptoms mosaic no symptoms no symptoms Colosus necrotic spots chlorotic spots no symptoms mosaic no symptoms necrosis Kaiser necrotic spots mosaic, chlorosis and leaf deformation no symptoms no symptoms no symptoms no symptoms

18 Conclusions The reaction to ToMV, CMV and PVY of the plants varied depending on the rootstock used. After inoculation with ToMV, CMV and PVY all plants grafted on Stallone rootstock remained symptomless, followed by grafted on Montezuma, Bruce and Kaiser. The tested plants were tolerant to virus infection and can be used for qualitative production. 18

19 г. Thank you for your attention!

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