January /12/2016. IPM Institute of North America. IPM Institute of North America

Transcription

1 Apple A Day IPM Calendar, 1020 Regent St., Madison WI , January Frosty trees and fresh tracks. Jess Ecker Ecker s Apple Farm, Trempealeau, WI 1

2 Preseason IPM Goals Review pre-harvest damage assessment by block for San Jose and oystershell scale. Train pruning crew to recognize scale insects and fire blight cankers. Report and mark scale problem areas with flagging tape to help target dormant or delayed-dormant sprays. Monitor these areas with double-sided tape during the growing season to time insecticide applications during active crawler stage. Prune out fire blight cankers. JANUARY Illinois Specialty Crops, Agritourism and Organic Conference; Bloomington IL Minnesota Apple Growers Association 83rd Annual Education and Trade Show; La Crosse WI WFFVC; Wisconsin Dells WI Wisconsin Fresh Fruit and Vegetable Conference (WFFVC); Wisconsin Dells WI Iowa Fruit and Vegetable Growers Annual Conference; Ankeny IA Black Welsh Mountain and Chocolate Welsh Mountain sheep in Upper Orchard during November 2014 snowstorm. Gretchen Griffith Cottage Grove, WI Cover: Off to the hills. Jess Ecker Ecker s Apple Farm, Trempealeau, WI, February Orchard dog Georgia during November 2015 snow fall. Liz Griffith, Door Creek Orchard, Cottage Grove, WI 2

3 Preseason IPM Goals Update nutrient management plan based on foliar and soil-test results from the previous season. Identify pest management goals and discuss with IPM scout and consultant. Order IPM scouting supplies. Verify functionality of weather station and leaf wetness monitor. FEBRUARY Animal home found during pruning an old semi-dwarf. Many of our older trees have become homes for animals. Liz Griffith Door Creek Orchard, Cottage Grove, WI, March Welcoming signs of spring. Jess Ecker Ecker s Apple Farm, Trempealeau, WI 3

4 Preseason IPM Goals Begin weather monitoring, check weather station weekly and record degree days and rainfall. Complete airblast and herbicide sprayer calibration. Order IPM scouting supplies if not completed in February. MARCH Begin weather monitoring Volunteers helping plant apple trees during spring Rami Aburomia, Oak Rock Orchard, Mt. Horeb, WI, April 2013 WAGA Pruning Workshop. Peter Werts Eplegaarden, Fitchburg, WI 4

5 Orchard Phenology Green tip: April 7-24, 25 DD (50 F) Record date of McIntosh green tip. GFW adult emergence (25 DD) Tight cluster: April 25-30, DD Check RBLR and STLM pheromone traps once per week. RBLR 1 st flight (75 DD) STLM 1 st flight (100 DD) GFW larvae emerge (100 DD) OBLR overwintered larvae (105 DD) Other: Check weather station weekly. Record scab infections, degree days and rainfall. APRIL Deploy pheromone traps for apples: RBLR and STLM. Scout for ERM eggs near flower and leaf buds Abbreviations: ERM = European red mite GFW = Green fruit worm OBLR = Obliquebanded leafroller RBLR = Redbanded leafroller STLM = Spotted tentiform leafminer Bud 9 Honeycrisp in bloom. Scott Kee Sacia Orchards, Galesville, WI, May Pink Pearl in full bloom. Liz Griffith Door Creek Orchard, Cottage Grove, WI 5

6 Orchard Phenology Pink: May 1-9, DD (50 F) Spring cankerworm larvae (150 DD) ERM hatch (160 DD) Bloom: May 10-24, DD Record date of first blossom open. Check all pheromone traps. Scout weeds in tree rows. LAW 1 st flight (165 DD) CM 1 st flight (180 DD) RBLR larvae (185 DD) Petal fall: May 25-31, DD PC adult emergence (250 DD) Record date, 95% McIntosh petal fall, PC oviposition ends after 308 DD are accumulated. Check pheromone traps at least twice per week. Change 30-day pheromone lures: Apples: OBLR, OFM, LAW, RBLR and STLM. Stone fruit: APB, LPTB. Other: Check weather station weekly. Record scab infections, degree days and rainfall. MAY Deploy pheromone traps for apples: CM, LAW, OBLR and OFM; and stone fruit: APB and LPTB. Scout for apple scab on the backside of the earliest leaves Blooming pollinating crab apple. Scott Kee Sacia Orchards, Galesville, WI Insect monitoring: PC, rosy apple aphid, woolly apple aphid, OBLR and RBLR; Disease monitoring: apple scab, fire blight and powdery mildew Abbreviations APB = American plum borer OBLR = Obliquebanded leafroller CM = Codling moth OFM = Oriental fruit moth ERM = European red mite PC = Plum curculio LAW = Lesser apple worm RBLR = Redbanded leafroller LPTB = Lesser peach tree borer STLM = Spotted tentiform leafminer, June A diverse ecosystem exists within an orchard managed using IPM. Laura Tisch Munchkey s Apples, Mt. Horeb, WI 6

7 Orchard Phenology Fruit set: June 1-15, DD (50 F) Deploy SJS monitoring tape. CM larvae (425 DD) OBLR 1 st flight (490 DD) June 16-22, DD Complete spray coverage analysis. Begin monitoring leaf-wetting hours for summer diseases. STLM 2 nd flight (610 DD) June 23-30, DD Change 30-day pheromone lures: Apples: OBLR, OFM, LAW, RBLR and STLM. Stone fruit: APB, LPTB. RBLR 2nd flight (780 DD) Other: Check pheromone traps and weather station weekly. Record scab infections, degree days, leaf-wetting hours and rainfall. JUNE Begin mite sampling: ERM, TSSM, ARM and predatory mites. Insect monitoring: PC, RAA, WAA, OBLR and RBLR; Disease monitoring: apple scab, fire blight and powdery mildew Mite sampling: ERM, TSSM, ARM and predatory mites. Insect monitoring: CM, PC, RAA, WAA, OBLR, RBLR and SJS; Disease monitoring: apple scab, fire blight and powdery mildew Continue scouting for apple scab lesions only if lesions were found during primary scab season European honey bee on apple bloom. Peter Werts Abbreviations APB = American plum borer OBLR = Obliquebanded leafroller STLM = Spotted tentiform leafminer ARM = Apple rust mite OFM = Oriental fruit moth TSSM = Two-spotted spider mite CM = Codling moth PC = Plum curculio WAA = Woolly apple aphid ERM = European red mite RAA = Rosy apple aphid LAW = Lesser apple worm RBLR = Redbanded leafroller LPTB = Lesser peach tree borer SJS = San Jose scale, July Mechanical cultivation is used for weed control in tree rows at Blue Vista Farm. Peter Werts Bayfield, WI 7

8 Orchard Phenology July 1-8, DD (50 F) AM emergence (900 DD) Change all long-life pheromone lures. July 9-15, DD Scout weeds in tree row. PC summer adults (1250 DD) July 16-23, DD CM 2 nd flight (1300 DD) July 24-31, DD Take leaf tissue and soil samples for nutrient analysis. Change 30-day pheromone lures: Apples: OBLR, OFM, LAW, RBLR and STLM. Stone fruit: APB, LPTB. STLM 3 rd flight (1500 DD) Other: Check pheromone traps and weather station weekly. Record scab infections, degree days, leaf-wetting hours and rainfall. JULY Deploy AM traps and DWB pheromone traps. Insect monitoring: CM, RAA, WAA, OBLR, RBLR and SJS; Disease monitoring: apple scab, fire blight, powdery mildew and black, white and bitter rot. Mite sampling: ERM, TSSM, ARM and predatory mites Thistle is persistent and pesky for pickers. On the bright side, this bee considers it an excellent late-season pollen source. Sara Ecker Ecker's Apple Farm, Trempealeau, WI Abbreviations AM = Apple maggot LAW = Lesser apple worm RBLR = Redbanded leafroller APB = American plum borer LPTB = Lesser peach tree borer SJS = San Jose scale ARM = Apple rust mite OBLR = Obliquebanded leafroller STLM = Spotted tentiform leafminer CM = Codling moth OFM = Oriental fruit moth TSSM = Two-spotted spider mite DWB = Dogwood borer PC = Plum curculio WAA = Woolly apple aphid ERM = European red mite RAA = Rosy apple aphid, August Fruit coloring on a sunny afternoon. Scott Kee Sacia Orchards, Galesville, WI 8

9 Orchard Phenology August 1-8, DD (50 F) OBLR 2 nd flight (1550 DD) August 9-15, DD RBLR 3 rd flight (1950 DD) August 16-23, DD August 24-31, DD Complete pre-harvest damage assessment. Other: Check pheromone traps and weather station weekly. Record scab infections, degree days, leaf-wetting hours and rainfall. AUGUST Insect monitoring: CM, RAA, WAA, OBLR, RBLR and SJS; Disease monitoring: apple scab, fire blight, powdery mildew, black, white and bitter rot. Mite sampling: ERM, TSSM, ARM and predatory mites Monarch chrysalis on Ginger Gold apple. Door Creek Orchard is a certified Monarch Waystation and Pollinator Garden by MonarchWatch and Xerces Society. We are dedicated to our pollinators! Matt Griffith Cottage Grove, WI Insect monitoring: AM, CM, OBLR and RBLR; Disease monitoring: apple scab, sooty blotch, fly speck, black, white and bitter rot Abbreviations AM = Apple maggot LAW = Lesser apple worm RBLR = Redbanded leafroller APB = American plum borer LPTB = Lesser peach tree borer SJS = San Jose scale ARM = Apple rust mite OBLR = Obliquebanded leafroller STLM = Spotted tentiform leafminer CM = Codling moth OFM = Oriental fruit moth TSSM = Two-spotted spider mite DWB = Dogwood borer PC = Plum curculio WAA = Woolly apple aphid ERM = European red mite RAA = Rosy apple aphid, September When color-picking fruit, I find myself eating bites of several apples to help "calibrate" my eyes! This is a large Honeycrisp in the foreground and Hog's Back Bluff in the background. Sara Ecker Ecker s Apple Farm, Trempealeau, WI 9

10 Orchard Phenology September 1-8, DD (50 F) Complete the pre-harvest damage assessment. Check all pheromone traps. SEPTEMBER Insect monitoring: AM, CM, OBLR and RBLR; Disease monitoring: apple scab, sooty blotch, fly speck, black, white and bitter rot Abbreviations AM = Apple maggot CM = Codling moth OBLR = Obliquebanded leafroller RBLR = Redbanded leafroller Full bins resting on the dock. Sara Ecker Ecker's Apple Farm, Trempealeau, WI, October Fog lingering on a cool fall morning. Scott Kee Sacia Orchards, Galesville, WI 10

11 Post-harvest IPM Goals Remove monitoring traps from the orchard. Store reusable traps indoors until next season. Scout weeds in tree rows. Document species, growth stage or size and location within the field. Apply pre-emergent herbicide following harvest if weeds are over threshold. Mow grass between rows to remove shelter for voles and mice. Deploy rodenticides in bait stations when groundcover undergoes senescence. Avoid broadcasting baits and using grain-based rodenticides. Vole damage occurs when ground cover is dormant. Tree injury does not typically occur when groundcover is actively growing. Monitoring protocol for voles: missouri.edu/p/g9445. OCTOBER William's Pride is one of the earliest apple varieties stocked at Apple Blossom Orchard and Market. Christina Hanson Black Creek, WI , November Black Welsh Mountain and Chocolate Welsh Mountain sheep are an important part of our farm, both for meat and wool products, and as an active part of our IPM efforts. Their late-fall cleanup helps orchard floor management, disease and pest control, and provides fertilizer. Liz Griffith Door Creek Orchard, Cottage Grove, WI 11

12 Post-harvest IPM Goals Scout for rodent activity and/or damage. Chop leaf debris prior to green tip with a flail or rotary mower. NOVEMBER New block cover cropped with oats and peas the fall before planting. Rami Aburomia Oak Rock Orchard, Mt. Horeb, WI, December New beginnings for Oak Rock Orchard. Rami Aburomia Mt. Horeb, WI 12

13 Post-harvest IPM Goals Review pre-harvest damage assessment to evaluate performance of IPM program and plan for next year. DECEMBER Monitor fruit in storage for postharvest diseases and disorders Great Lakes Fruit, Vegetable and Farm Market Expo; Grand Rapids, MI In winter, snow makes Apple Blossom Orchard and Market glisten - a sight to behold. Christina Hanson Black Creek, WI, January 2017 Standard McIntosh tree during the our last weekend open in November Liz Griffith Door Creek Orchard, Cottage Grove, WI 13

14 Preseason Orchard Phenology IPM Goals Review pre-harvest damage assessment by block for San Jose and oystershell scale. Train pruning crew to recognize scale insects and fire blight cankers. Report and mark scale problem areas with flagging tape to help target dormant or delayed-dormant sprays. Monitor these areas with double-sided tape during the growing season to time insecticide applications during active crawler stage. Prune out fire blight cankers. JANUARY MAY Some of our honeybee hives at the beginning of winter, December They made it through well.. Liz Griffith Cottage Grove, WI, Apple A Day IPM Calendar Use the following formula to calculate degree days for codling moth development: high temperature + low temperature 2 50 = degree days The upper and lower developmental parameters for CM are 86 and 50 F. If the daily high/low temperature is warmer or cooler than the upper or lower limits use the upper or lower developmental parameters (86 or 50 F) instead of the daily high/low temperature. Example 1: May 21, high 56, low 42 F F 50 = 3 DD 2 Example 2: July 27, high 93, low 72 F F 50 = 29 DD 2 Example 3: August 18, high 78, low 52 F F 50 = 15 DD 2 FOLIAR CALCIUM RATES FOR COMMERCIAL PRODUCTS Ideally apply 6-8 applications per season (4-12 lb. actual calcium/acre). Rate per 100 Actual lb. Ca Product* % Ca gallons/ acre applied Calcium chloride (CaCl 2) 28% 4 lb./ Calcium nitrate [Ca(NO 3) 2] 20% 7 lb./ Nutri-Cal 8% 1 gal./ Pit-Cal 12% 1 gal./ Stopit 12% 1 gal./ *Always read and follow product label instructions. Adapted from M. Stasiak, Researcher, Peninsular Agriculture Research Station, University of Wisconsin-Madison. Nutrient Guidelines for Wisconsin Apple and Cherry Orchards (2010). Sprayer and Tractor Calibration: An Easy Way To Save Over the course of ten pesticide applications, just a two-gallon-per-acre (GPA) discrepancy at 50 GPA can result in an additional 800 gallons of water and pesticide on 40 acres. At $50 - $60 per acre in pesticide costs, you will spend an additional $800 to $1000 that could be saved through proper calibration. The example below shows how this two GPA difference can happen with only a slight change in your tractor s ground speed. The savings are real. Call Peter Werts at today to set up a sprayer calibration appointment for spring. Tractor Ground Speed Calibration Tractor model: New Holland TN95F Date: 3/29/2015 Displayed Speed Tractor 4.1 mph Distanc e Speed one Calibrated Speed Speed Average Ground two speed Difference displayed vs. actual speed GPS 4.1 mph 450 ft. 78 sec. 78 sec. 78 sec mph 4.20% Calibrated Ground Speed Distance (ft.) X 60 = 450 X 60 Time (sec.) = 3.93 MPH Airblast Sprayer Calibration and Impact from 4.2% Change in Speed Gallons Per Acre Tractor/GPS Speed, 20 ft. Row Center, 4.1 mph Total GPM x 495 = 8.3 x = mph x row space (ft.) 4.1x GPA Gallons Per Acre Calibrated Speed, 20 ft. Row Center, 3.93 mph Total GPM X 495 = 8.3 x = mph x row space (ft.) 3.93 x GPA, 1020 Regent St., Madison WI 53715,