Bringing modern orchard techniques to Tajikistan
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- Jason Wells
- 5 years ago
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1 Bringing modern orchard techniques to Tajikistan
2
3 Tajikistan
4 39 th Parallel
5 Why go? Started in 2000 on a trip to Turkey Made 42 country visits
6 What do I do? I mainly teach pruning. Orchard management IPM Fertility Insect and disease controls
7 Also Organic tree fruits Organic greenhouse vegetables Hazelnuts
8 Tajikistan history 1991 Current situations in most central Asia (former Soviet block countries)
9 1991 most central Asia countries have forgotten how to prune
10 Water for people & for crops
11 Tree fruit crops Apricots could be a world producer 120,000,000 kg Plums 330,000,000 kilograms Some very old apples
12 Pomegranates - most growers pretty new at growing tree fruits. Few orchards, many gardens.
13 Environment - current issues: inadequate sanitation facilities, villages increasing levels of soil salinity industrial pollution excessive pesticides
14 Pruning Why they are not pruning now Virtually no equipment!
15
16 Equipment
17
18 After pruning
19 Equipment try and find or bring
20
21
22 Ladders?
23
24 Grafting knives
25 Equipment donated 300+ long pruners 300+ small pruners 250 hand saws 150 grafting knives 100 hand lenses 50 soil test Donations of over $21,000 Always looking for more donations!
26 Typical sandy and rocky
27 Try and determine the soil type Clear the rocks Recommend spacing Find GOOD plant materials!!?? Dig holes and add compost (2005).
28 Irrigation system
29 Irrigation if near a source. How to get it to the trees? North area only gets water when the pumps run- government shuts off electricity.
30 Apple Varieties Some of the best and oldest apples in Kyrgyzstan and Tajik. And they want..
31 What is happening with Chinese apple?
32 Problems - Daily pests - Sheep, Cow, Horses, Birds, Hares or Horse Damage
33 Open pastures the animals just wonder most of the day until milking time in the evening. Fencing a new technology
34 Size of most Tajikistan trees Slowly moving to? Subdwarf M9 Dwarf M26 Semi-dwarf M7 Semi-standard MM106 MM111 Standard Seedling M Bud 9 G.65 G.11 G.30 Supporter 4
35 Other Issues No fertilizer cow wonders the orchard eating grass and weeds. No pesticides, too expensive. Chemical store story. No equipment Income - $20 USDollar a month
36 Problems still. A lot of bacterial canker. Solutions ---
37 Apple Scab if no chemicals, do what?
38 If anthracnose then what?
39 Capnodis tenebricosa control?? Bores into the tree roots.
40 Cherry and apricot gummosis and canker. Controls?????
41
42 Oregon - Pest Controls Late winter (Jan.-Feb.-March) disease control fixed copper - diseases dormant oil to smother insect eggs If dense foliage needs to be pruned Rake up infected leaves During summer Keep tree aerated Good sanitation Keep from over irrigating Harvest Destroy infected fruit
43 Teach about biennial bearing? Double s their income! Teach about thinning? Removing their income!
44 What can fruit trees be used for? Fence, fuel, fruit and fodder
45
46 Kinds of fertilizers Compost Chicken Sheep, cow, horse.however
47 Fertilizers Animals wander the orchards and eat weeds and grass and trees BUT most of the manure goes..
48
49
50
51 Sanitation and Out in the country!!!
52
53
54 Outhouse and village water supply
55 Note location of outhouse!!!
56 Describe the village public waterways New definition of gray water.
57 After demos and teaching we get to eat. Usually 3-5 course meals.
58 IMPACTS
59 Humble people
60 Teach the teacher and give equipment.
61 Teaching the NGO agronomists.
62 TEACH people each visit.
63 Tajikistan 6 visits Taught over 650 people how to prune. While visiting people again, they are pruning. Kyrgyzstan since 2005, pruned over 750 acres. Equipment given to growers.
64 My poster child. Why?
65 Volunteer Opportunities Sub contract with US Agency of International Development ACDI VOCA CNFA PARTENRS OF THE AMERICA WINROCK INTERNATIONAL OTHER
66 Information is available or talk with me
67 Questions?????????
68 The End
69
70 Late winter Pest Control Anthracnose- fixed copper Scale, aphids and mite eggs- dormant oil Scab- lime sulfur or wettable sulfur During bloom stages Scab and mildew- lime sulfur, sulfur Shothole borer- needles and pyrethrum Post-bloom Scab and mildew- sulfur and captan
71
72 Scab
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