Effects of Preservative Solutions on Vase Life and Postharvest Qualities of Taif Rose Cut Flowers (Rosa damascene cv.

Transcription

1 American-Eurasian J. Agric. & Environ. Sci., 3 (): 72-80, 203 ISSN IDOSI Publications, 203 DOI: /idosi.aejaes Effects of Preservative Solutions on Vase Life and Posarve Qualities of Taif Rose Cut Flowers (Rosa damascene cv. Trigintipetala) Mohy Eldeen Nour Eldaime Elgimabi and Abdallah Mahmoud Sliai Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Taif University, Saudi Arabia Abract: This udy was carried out in e Laboratory of e Research Center-Taif University-Sudia Arabia to inveigate e effect of exogenous 8-hydroxyquniline sulfate (8-HQS) and sucrose on vase life of Taif rose cut flowers on e physiological factors at affect its longevity. The cut flowers were pulse treated wi 0, 200,300 and 400 ppm of (8-HQS) and sucrose at concentrations of 0%,3%,5% and 7%w/v. The pulsing times were, 5, 0 or 24 hours, en transferred to diill water as control, e cut flowers selected in ree ages of maturity (bud, half opening or complete opening).treatments takes place at room temperature (23± C), normal day light and natural ventilation. The vase life of cut flowers udied were prolonged by all (8-HQS) treatments. The results indicated at, e be concentration was 200 ppm and e effect was better when combined wi 7% sucrose, which recorded e be vase life compared to oer concentrations of sucrose. Also 8-HQS at 200 ppm wi or wiout sucrose retarded e chlorophyll as well as carbohydrate degradation during e posarve life. Key words: Longevity Taif rose cut flowers 8-HQS Sucrose Chlorophyll Carbohydrate INTRODUCTION The germicide 8-hydroxyqunoline sulfate (8-HQS) is one of e very important preservatives used in floral Rose is one of e mo popular cut flowers in indury []Application of HQS significantly increased different countries for highe economic importance in e e vase life as well as e gain of fresh weight of cut floricultural indury [], also ey have a very long vase carnation in comparison wi untreated [2]Holding life compared to oer cut flowers [2], which is one of e chrysanemum cut flowers continuously in 00 ppm of 8- characteriics demanding in a commercial value of e HQS resulted in e lowe water loss and greate ornamental flowers. Taif rose have an important role in e maximum fresh weight and hence, highe vase life. In national economy for its great value in exportation of its addition, e treatment was effective in controlling oil to e Arab countries, ornamentation, medicinal use as bacterial grow [3] well as manufacture of perfumes [3] However, e vase life Also, sucrose acts as a preservative materials, in of cut flowers limited by some factors such as senescence addition to extending e vase life of cut flowers [4] [4], air embolisms [5] weight loss and decays [6] This Different concentrations of sucrose ranging from 0 to decays are caused by bacteria, which found in high level 7.5% was inveigated by Pun et al. [5] on cut spray in vase solutions used by growers, which inhibit water carnation, found at 5.0 sucrose recorded e be vase supply to flowers [7] and affect e vase life of cut flowers life and delayed e climacteric eylene in petals. [8] finely may lead to e blockage of e vascular syem, Furermore Butt, [6] udy e effect of sucrose in due to air or bacterial grow [7] and reduces water uptake different concentrations on two cultivars of Rosa hybirida and is blockage of xylem vessels led to water ress, and results showed at sucrose at 25 gl extended e which was expressed in e form of early wilting of leaves vase life by 8.2 days as compared to 5.3 days in control or flowers [9], as a result of premature loss of cell turgidity [6]. and might appear when water uptake and transpiration are On e oer hands, sugars wi biocides have out of balance during a laing period of time, which was become important preservatives for floral several cut leads to an unrecoverable situation and e premature end flowers [7] Application of 8-HQS significantly increased of cut flowers Van [0]. e vase life as well as e gain fresh weight of rose [8]. Corresponding Auor: Mohy Eldeen Nour Eldaime Elgimabi, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Taif University, Saudi Arabia. 72

2 Am-Euras. J. Agric. & Environ. Sci., 3 (): 72-80, 203 Also preservative solutions containing 3% sucrose and 200 ppm 8-HQS extended e vase life and inhibited flower senescence and bent neck in rose cut flowers [9]. While when cut rose flowers were held in 200 ppm 8-HQS + 2% sucrose. The treatment reduced bo photosynesis rate and chlorophyll content. However, it imulated e respiration rate of leaves, as compared wi e control [20]. Also e carbohydrate concentration in e control decreased sharply during fir day after harve. However, e treatment wi 8-HQS + sucrose suppressed is decline [2]. MATERIALS AND METHODS Plant Materials: Cut flowers of Taif roses were used for different trials. The flowers were obtained directly from e commercial grower. The flowering ems were trimmed to a uniform leng of 25 cm to flowers at different ages and for different pulsing time. Then a smoo slanting cut were made to flower em to facilitate e optimum up take of given solutions. Cutting had been done underwater to avoid air embolisms. All leaves on e lower section of e em were removed. The sample had been divided into 30 groups wi five replications, each replication contain one flower(to avoid contamination). They were kept at room temperature 23± C at normal day light and natural ventilation. Flowers had been harveed in ree ages " bud age, one or two basal flowers open, or when ey are fully opened" Treatment Setting: Treatments were set following a completely randomized design wi 5 replications. Chemical Preparation: The chemicals used, obtained from a trading company in Saudi Arabia. Experiment (): Analytically pure 8-hydroxyquinoline sulfate (8-HQS) pulsed as follows: trial:-five hours only for 8-HQS at concentrations of 200, 300, 400 ppm. Then flowers were transferred into 250 ml glass bottle filled wi diilled water along e duration of experiment (for e ree ages). nd 2 trial:-ten hours only for 8-HQS at concentrations of 200, 300, 400 ppm. Then flowers were transferred into 250 ml glass bottle filled wi diilled water along e duration of experiment (for e ree ages). rd 3 trial:-twenty four hours for 8-HQS at concentrations of 200, 300, 400 ppm. Then flowers were transferred into 250 ml glass bottle filled wi diilled water along e duration of experiment (for e ree ages). Sucrose Treatment: Also e pulsing time as follows: trial:-five hours at concentration of 3%, 5% and 7%. w/v. Then flowers were placed in 250 ml glass bottle containing diilled water, along e duration of experiment(for e ree ages) nd 2 trial:-ten hours at concentration of 3%, 5% and 7%. w/v. Then flowers were placed in 250 ml glass bottle containing diilled water, along e duration of experiment(for e ree ages). rd 3 trial:-twenty four hours at concentration of 3%, 5% and 7%. w/v. Then flowers were placed in 250 ml glass bottle containing diilled water, along e duration of experiment(for e ree ages) The different concentrations of 8-HQS and sucrose were prepared by dissolving e chemicals in erilized diilled water and autoclaved under 250 C for two hours Control Treatment: Flowers were trimmed in different ages of maturity and kept in 250 ml diilled water along e duration of e experiment, as a control treatment for different trials. Vase Life Determination: Visual rating of flowers was carried out on e basis of a scale from to 4 when: = entirely fresh flowers, 2 = initiation of wilting in 20% of petals and beginning of bent neck, 3 = wilting in 20-50% of petals and increasing e bent neck, 4 = wilting in 50-00% of petals Experiment (2) Plant Material: The same preparation of plant material mentioned in experiment (). Chemical Treatments (8-HQS) + Sucrose Treatments: 8-hydroxyquinoline sulfate (8-HQS 200ppm) was applied for 24 hour depending on e previous results(which e be one), wheer wi or wiout sucrose at 7% (w/v) e concentration, which attained e be results in e previous experiment. The two compounds are dissolved in erilized diilled water in glass bottle containing 250 ml to udy e effect of eir interaction. 73

3 Am-Euras. J. Agric. & Environ. Sci., 3 (): 72-80, 203 Control Treatment: Flowers are trimmed and kept in 250ml significantly extended e vase life of Taif cut flowers diilled erilized water along e duration of e compared to control (Table ). The vase life of cut flowers experiment, as a control treatment for different experiments was extended by e different concentrations of 8-HQS used (Table ). The vase life was longer in 8-HQS at 200 Vase Life Determination: Vase life of rose cut flowers ppm which resulted in s compared to oer was measured as mentioned in experiment () concentrations, at at half opening age which ey represent as a good age compared to oer ages Fresh Weight Measurements: Fresh weight wiin different chemicals and different concentrations determination of e flowers were mad ju before e (Table ). The longe vase life was attained when immersion of flowers into e solutions and repeated on sucrose was applied at 7% w/v, which gave 8.2 days in e day when e vase life of e control flowers was comparison to 7 days for control, terminated. The flowers are taken out of solutions after 24 Effect of e be treatment for 8-HQS and sucrose on hours pulsing time. vase life and posarve quality of rose cut flowers: Results presented in Table 2 showed at treatment by 8- Chlorophyll Determination: Chlorophyll content was HQS at 200 ppm prolonged e vase life of rose cut measured for e be treatment of each chemical for all flowers wi or wiout sucrose compared to control. cut flowers under udy. Chlorophyll content of sepals When 7% sucrose was added to 200ppm of 8-HQS e segments will be extracted by meanol and e vase life was extended to 7.8,9. and 3.9 days for absorbance was determined by spectrophotometer This bud, half opening and complete opening age will do on day 0, 5 and on e day when e vase life of respectively compared to 9.9,0.5 and8.9 days wiout e control flowers are terminate. sucrose for e same mentioned ages. However, The Samples were collected separately from each sucrose at 7% extended e vase life by 3.6,7.3 and replicate and e average of e ree replicates was 3.2 days for bud, half opening and complete opening calculated. The chlorophyll concentration was calculated ages compared to 4, 7 and 6 days for control of different as mg l fresh weight. The equations for e ages (Table 2). determination of concentrations of chl. A and chl b were Chl a (mg l ) = 2.2 A A 646 Chl b (mg l ) = 20.3 Chlorophyll Content: The previous treatments lead to a A A 663. considerable delay in degradation of Chl a and Chl b compared to control (Tables 3,4 and 5). The concentration Carbohydrate Determination: Soluble carbohydrate of chlorophyll a was higher an chlorophyll b at any determined on em of e be treatment of each chemical point of time roughout e vase life. When flowers were and e be age of maturity and be pulsing time, treated wi 8-HQS 200 ppm chlorophyll content on e teed in e udy. Samples were taken on e same day day was (0.20, 0.07), (0.86,0.24,) and(0.5, 0.5) mg as mentioned in chlorophyll determination. One flowering weight for chl. a and chl. b, in different ages, bud, half em from each replicate was used. Dried sample were opening and complete opening, respectively (Tables 3,4 ground togeer into homogenized powder, using a and 5).Application of 7% sucrose increased chlorophyll household crusher(0 mg of oven-dried plant material content. Thus, at e end of e experiment e were extracted by 0 ml of borate buffer(28.63g boric accumulated chl. a and chl. b, were (0.5,0.04), (0.09,0.05) acid+29.8g KCl+3.5g NaOH in L of hot de-ionized and (0.9,0.05) mg, respectively for different ages diilled water), left overnight and filtered. Using mentioned before (Tables3, 4 and 5). spectrophotometer to detect e different types of sucrose. Carbohydrate Content: Data in Tables 6,7,8 and 9 indicated at fructose, glucose and sucrose were e RESULTS main soluble carbohydrates in petals and ems of cut roses. Fructose was e major component in e petals as Effect of 8-HQS and sucrose on vase life of rose cut well as in ems but, generally, its value was higher an flowers: The atiical analysis of results indicated at in ems. Sucrose contents in petals and ems were lower e 8-HQS and sucrose, at different concentrations, an ose of glucose. 74

4 Am-Euras. J. Agric. & Environ. Sci., 3 (): 72-80, 203 Table : Effect of 8-HQS and sucrose on vase life of Taif rose cut flowers Vase life after different Pulsing time/hours Complete opening bud Half opening Treatments 5h 0h 24h 5h 0h 24h 5h 0h 24h 8-HQS 200 ppm 9.6j 9.8j 0.8h 4f 4.2hf 5d 3.6f 4f 4.4ed 8-HQS 300 ppm 8i 9.6j 0hj 2.4g 4.4f 4.4ed 2.2g 3.4f 3..4f 8-HQS 400 ppm 5.8k 9.2j 9.6hj.4h 9.8hj.4h.4h 0.8h 2.2g Sucrose 3% 9.4j.6h 2.6g 4.2ed 4.4ed 4.8ed h.6 3.4f 4f Sucrose 5% 0.2hj ph h 4.8ed 6b 6.2cd 2.2g 5.6b 5.8bc Sucrose 7% 2.4g 2ng 3.2f 6.2b 6.6b 8.2a 5.5bc 5.8bc 6b Control 4*l 7*ji 6*k *Different letters explain e significant between means, according to Duncan multiple range p= C.D= 5 Table 2: Effect of e be treatment of 8-HQS and sucrose on vase life of Taif rose cut flowers. Days of vase life (after 24 h pulsing time) in different ages Treatments bud Half opening Half opening 8-HQS 200 ppm 9.9fg 0.5f 8.9f Sucrose 7% 3.6d 7.3c 3.2e 8-HQS 200ppm+ 7% sucrose 7.8b 9.a 3.9d Control 4j 7h 6hj *Different letters explain e significant differences between means, according to Duncan multiple range p= Table 3: Effect of 8-HQS wi or wiout sucrose and sucrose compared to control on chlorophyll content for Taif rose cut flowers in bud age. (unit was mgl fresh weight) Days of determinations of chl. a and chl. b day 6 day 0 day Treatments Chl. a Chl. b Chl. a Chl. b Chl. a Chl. b 8-HQS 200ppm HQS 200ppm+ sucrose7% Sucrose 7% Control Table 4: Effect of 8-HQS wi or wiout sucrose and sucrose compared to control on chlorophyll content for Taif rose cut flowers in half opening age. (unit was mgl fresh weight) Days of determinations of chl. a and chl. b day 6 day 0 day Treatments Chl. a Chl. b Chl. a Chl. b Chl. a Chl. b Treatments HQS 200ppm+ sucrose7% Sucrose 7% Control

5 Table 5: Am-Euras. J. Agric. & Environ. Sci., 3 (): 72-80, 203 Effect of 8-HQS wi or wiout sucrose and sucrose compared to control on chlorophyll content for Taif rose cut flowers in complete opening age. (unit was mgl fresh weight). Days of determinations of chl. a and chl. b day 6 day 0 day Treatments Chl. a Chl. b Chl. a Chl. b Chl. a Chl. b 8-HQS 200ppm HQS 200ppm+ sucrose7% Sucrose 7% Control mg fresh weight. For different ages F: FRUCTOSE G: GLUCOSE S: SUCROSE (in different tables) Table 6: Effect of 8-HQS wi or wiout sucrose and sucrose on carbohydrates content for petals of rose cut flowers in bud age day 2 days 8-HQS 200 ppm HQS 200ppm +sucrose7% Sucrose7% Control Table 7: Effect of 8-HQS wi or wiout sucrose and sucrose on carbohydrate content for em of rose cut flowers in bud age day 2 days 8-HQS 200 ppm HQS 200ppm +sucrose7% Sucrose7% Control Table 8: Effect of 8-HQS wi or wiout sucrose and sucrose on carbohydrates content for petals of rose cut flowers in half opening age day 2 days 8-HQS 200 ppm HQS 200ppm +sucrose7% Sucrose7% Control

6 Am-Euras. J. Agric. & Environ. Sci., 3 (): 72-80, 203 Table 9: Effect of 8-HQS wi or wiout sucrose and sucrose on carbohydrate content for em of rose cut flowers in half opening age day 2 days 8-HQS 200 ppm HQS 200ppm +sucrose7% Sucrose7% Control Table 0: Effect of 8-HQS wi or wiout sucrose and sucrose on carbohydrates content for petals of rose cut flowers in complete opening age day 2 days 8-HQS 200 ppm HQS 200ppm +sucrose7% Sucrose7% Control Table : Effect of 8-HQS wi or wiout sucrose and sucrose on carbohydrate content for em of rose cut flowers in complete opening age day 2 days 8-HQS 200 ppm HQS 200ppm +sucrose7% Sucrose7% Control The carbohydrate content significantly increased as While, em contents of e previous sugars was a result of using 200ppm8-HQS + 7% sucrose till e 5 increased at e beginning of e experiment, en day en sharply decreased on e 2 day at which e decreased towards e end of e experiment compared to vase life of control was terminated. The concentrations of control (Table 6). fructose, glucose and sucrose in rose petals were (6.38,9.7 and 3.33), (9.8,2.2 and 2.4) and (9.9,.55 DISCUUSSION and.64) mg g dry weight in controls at e end of e experiments for different ages of maturity respectively One of e greate problems in posarve flower (Tables 6,8 and0). At e same time values of ese physiology is e blockage of e vascular syem. This sugars in mg g dry weight when em were treated wi blockage might be due to air or bacterial grow. Anoer 200 ppm 8-HQS and 200 ppm 8-HQS+ sucrose 7% and cause of vascular blockage, is e plant reactions to e sucrose 7% alone at e pigging ( day) of experiment actual cut. Even in e flower em at is removed from were (5.8,6.89 and.7), (4.7,5.35,0.6), (4.8,7.63 and e moer plant, certain enzymes are mobilized to e 3.45), (7.43,9.78and2.33), (3.5,9.47and6.42) and (4.67,5.92 wounded area where chemical are released in order to try and.25) for sucrose and sucrose +200ppm8-HQS to seal e wound [7].This process reduces water uptake. respectively, (Tables 7,9 and ). The blockage of xylem vessels led to water ress and it is 77

7 Am-Euras. J. Agric. & Environ. Sci., 3 (): 72-80, 203 known at e limiting factor of vase life is water ress, oer pulsing time, which in a harmony to at is expressed in e form of early wilting of leaves or recommendations of Halevy and Kofranek[27] when flowers [9] Early wilting occurs as a result of premature treated Lisianus flower by 6% sucrose for 24h, e loss of cell turgidity and might appear when water uptake flower opening and longevity considerably increased. and transpiration are out of balance during a laing The results presented in Table indicated at, e period of time. Limited water uptake can be a cause of is half opening age was more longer in vase life compared unbalance at finally leads to an unrecoverable situation to oer ages, is may be due to e less orage and e premature end of its vase life [0]. The emboli carbohydrate in detached bud, which suggeed by might be due to air at is aspired into e conduits at Spikman [28] in Freesia hybirida and Serek [29] in are cut open and to cavitations in xylem conduits at Gladiolus sp. Concerning e role of sucrose wi 8-HQS remain unopened [22]. e previous results show at adding sucrose extended The results show e importance of 8-HQS in e vase life and improved e quality of Taif rose cut increasing e vase life of e cut flowers udied in flowers. While when added sucrose to 8-HQS obtained different maturity ages. Applying 8-HQS prevented e longer vase life in cut flowers. accumulation of microorganisms in xylem vessels and On e oer hand, e role of sucrose was result in suppressed e xylem occlusion. These results may be a positive effects in rose cut flowers when combined wi due to e role of 8-HQS as antimicrobial agent and hence, 8-HQS since e vase life was increased. It is well known it might reduce em plugging. This explains e short at e flower opening is promoted by sugars applied vase life of untreated control and long vase life when 8- rough e em, but vase life may not be extended HQS was applied (Table ). because e sugar encourages multiplication of bacteria, A cell consis of e outer wall, which is rigid semi- which eventually block xylem [2]. permeable membrane wi ructural properties and inner Since sucrose ey act as a source of nutrition for plasma membrane and elaic. If e rate of cellular water tissues approaching arvation, it may also act as loss is too rapid or too excessive en e inner plasma osmotically active molecule, ereby lead to e promoting membrane will break away from e cell wall, a of subsequent water relations. The dissolved sugars in phenomenon called permanent plasmolysis and is cells of e petals are osmotically active subances at irreversible and e normal form of cell will change. This draw into e corolla-cells making e cell turgid and might happened in cut flowers had been udied. hydrolyzing e sucrose for respiration, which in a These results are in harmony wi observations by harmony of results attained by sucrose application. Kim and Lee [9] who mentioned at e more lignin was Similar findings were obtained by Pun et al. [5] Butt, [6] formed in e phloem of roses held in 8-HQS solution. The Deplarote, [4] and Elgimabi [30]. effective role of 8-HQS could be explained also by keeping Which ey act as a participation effects between e fresh weight and chlorophyll as well as carbohydrates nutritional as well as antimicrobial effects of sucrose and losses by 8-HQS to a minimum. These results are in 8-HQS. This is in agreement wi e findings of Kim and agreement wi e findings of Hussein [3], Lee, [9], KiCheol et al, [20] and Ichimura and Goto, [8]. Bhattacharjee [23], Ichimura and Goto [8] and Kim and The results of Table indicated at e half opening Lee [9] age result in a good vase life compared to oer ages It is well known at sugar supply increases e of maturity. Similar results was attained by Pun et al. [5], longevity of many cut flowers, since sucrose ey act as who reported at 8-HQS lead to prevention from activity a source of nutrition for tissues approaching of ACC enzyme, as a result reduce eylene generation carbohydrate arvation, it may also act as an osmotically and promote longevity of flowers. in cut roses which active molecule ereby having a role in flower opening harveed at early ages, ey are quit insensitive to and subsequent water relations [24]. The dissolved eylene and will be slightly affected while posarve sugars in e cells of e petals are osmotically active handling and marketing. While, More et al. [3] suggeed subances at draw into e corolla-cells making e cell at flower harveing at more advanced opening ages turgid and hydrolyzing e sucrose for respiration. Similar had no effect but improved opening after orage. findings were obtained by Nichols, [25]and (Ichimura and The data of chlorophyll and carbohydrate contents Korenaga,)[26] reflect e positive role of 8-HQS wi or wiout sucrose Table () show at, to pulsed rose cut flowers for and sucrose individually on preserving e leaves in a 24h in 7% sucrose result in along vase life compared to good condition and inhibiting e chlorophyll and 78

8 Am-Euras. J. Agric. & Environ. Sci., 3 (): 72-80, 203 carbohydrate degradation. As a result e vase life could 9. Henriette, M.C. and A.C.M. Clerky, 200. Anatomy of be increased. Similar tendency was reported by, Bartoli et al.[32] and weiming et al [33]ey reported at, even in e absence of exogenous eylene, e life of e flowers was significantly increased by inhibiting eylene action. CONCLUSION A significant improvement in vase life of Taif rose cut flowers was occurred when treated wi 200 ppm 8-HQS and e effect was furer improved when 8-HQS at 200 ppm combined wi 7% (w/v) sucrose which attained e be result compared to oer concentrations of sucrose. Also chlorophyll and carbohydrate had been retarded during e posarve life as e result of using is combination treatment which ey represent one of e more important parameters of good performance of posarve physiology of cut flowers. REFERENCES. AIPH, International Statiics Flowers and Plants Union Fleurs. Den Haag. 2. Nukui, H., S. Kudo, A. Yamashita and M. Iwata, Repressed eylene production in e gynoecium of long-laing flowers of e carnation White Candle. 3. Bazaid, S.A., Protein and DNA fragments variation in relation to low temperature in four Rosa hybirida cultivars in Taif, Saudi Arabia. Journal of e Egyptian Academy for Development (C. Molecular Biology) 5(): Jones, R.B. and M. Hill, 993. The effect of germicides on e longevity of cut flowers. J. Am. Soc. Hort. Sci., 8: Van Leperen, W., J. Nijsse, C.J. Keijzer and U. Van Meeteren, 200. Introduction of air embolisms in xylem conduits of predefined diameter. Journal of Experimental Botany, 52(358): Huang, K.L., L.J. Liao, R.S. Shen, W.S. Chen and Y.H. Lin, The synergiic effect of maleic acid hydrazide (,2-dihydro-3,6-pyridazinedione) and sucrose on vase life of cut roses. Au. J. Exp. Agric., 42: Loub and, M. and G. Van Doorn, Woundinduced and bacteria induced xylem blockage in roses, Aible, and Viburmum. Posarve Biology and Technology, 32: Van, D.W.G. and K. Dhont, 994. Interaction between e effects of bacteria and dry orage on e opening and water relations of cut rose flowers. J. Appl. Bacterial., 77: cut rosa xylem observed by scanning electron microscope. Acta Horticulture, 547: Van Meetern, U., W. van Iberen, J. Nijsse and K. Keijzer, 200. Processes and xylem antimicrobial properties involved in dehydration dynamic of cut flowers. Acta Horticulturae, 543: Nowak, J. and R.M. Rudnicki, 990. Posarve Handling and orage of cut flowers, flori, greens and potted plants. Timber Press, Inc., pp: Knee, M., Selection of biocides for use in floral preservatives. Posarve Biology and Technology, 8: Hussein, H.A.A., 994. Varietal responses of cut flowers to different antimicrobial agents of bacterial contamination and keeping quality. Acta. Hortic., 368: Delaporte, K., A. Klieber and M. Sedgley, Effect of sucrose and cold dry orage on vase life of ree ornamental Eucalyptus species. Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology, 80(4): Pun, U.K., H. Shimizu, K. Tanase and K. Ichimura, Effect of sucrose on eylene biosynesis in cut spray carnation flowers. Acta Hort. (ISHS): 669: htm 6. Butt, S.J., Extending e vase life of roses (Rosa hybirida) wi different preservatives. International Journal of Agricultural and Biology, 7(): Pun, U.K. and K. Ichimura, Role of sugars in Senescence and biosynesis of eylene in cut flowers. Japan Agrictural Research Quarterly, 37: Ichimura, K., K. Kojima and R. Goto, 999. Effects of temperature, 8-HQS and sucrose on vase life of cut rose flowers. Hort Sci., 5: Kim, Y. and J.S. Lee, Changes in bent-neck, water balance and vase life of cut rose cultivars affected by preservatives solution. J. Korean Society for Hortic. Sci., 43(2): KiCheol, S. And Byoun H. Kim, 997. Effect of eionine on e photosynesis, respiration and transpiration of leaf of cut rose cv. Red Sandra during vase life. Journal-of-e Korean-Society-for- Horticultural, Science, 38(3): Ichimura, K., U. Shigefumi and G. Rie, 999. Possible Roles of soluble carbohydrate conituents in cut Rose flowers J. Japan. Soc. Hort. Sci., 68(3):

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