Response of Dianthus caryophyllus L. Plants to Foliar Nutrition

Transcription

1 World Journal of Agricultural Sciences 5 (5): 6-63, 9 ISSN IDOSI Publications, 9 Response of Dianus caryophyllus L. Plants to Foliar Nutrition Aly H. El-Naggar Ornamental Horticulture a lascape Gardening Department, Faculty of Agric., Floriculture, (EL-Shatby), Alexaria Univ., Egypt Abract: This inveigation was coucted at Nubaria Region, We of Alexaria City, Egypt, during 6 a 7 seasons to udy e influence of different concentrations (.,.,. 4,. 6,. 8 a. %) of foliar fertilizer (Sangral) contains macro-elements (%N, % P, % K,. % Mg) a micro-elements (7 ppm Fe, 4 ppm Zn, 6 ppm Cu, 4 ppm Mn, 7ppm B a 4 ppm Mo) on e grow, flowering a chemical analysis of leaves of Dianus caryophyllus cv. "Red Sim". The foliar fertilizer was applied 5 times during e growing period. The results revealed at plant treated wi foliar nutrition showed significant increase in e grow characteriics (em leng, em diameter, em fresh a dry weight, number of leaves/ plant, fresh a dry weight of leaves). As well as, imulated e flowering parameters (reducing e number of days from planting to flowering, increased bo number, flower diameter, fresh a dry weights of flowers/plant) compared to e untreated plants (control). Application of. 6 % of foliar fertilizer gave e highe values compared to e oer treatment in bo seasons. Total chlorophyll (a+b), carotenoids a total carbohydrates (%),e mineral contents of leaves( N,P,K, Zn a Cu ) were significantly increased as a result of foliar fertilizer at different rates compared to e control treatment. Key words:carnation Caryophyllaceae Cut flowers Foliar nutrition Mineral content Carbohydrates Greenhouse coitions INTRODUCTION necessary for e various biochemical processes at occur wiin e plant a are essential for normal plant The modern carnation (Caryophyllaceae, Dianus grow a development [3]. Since say desert soil is caryophyllus L. ) cultivars offer a diversity of colors, characterized by high ph value, foliar fertilization may be shapes a sizes not available in oer flowering useful uer ese coitions to avoid e soil fixation of plants. Carnations are cultivated on a large scale in e some micronutrients such as Fe, Mn, Zn a Cu. Mediterranean area. However, it can be produced all over Moreover, foliar fertilization technique may also be a e world in greenhouse. The commercial production of good alternative to e conventional soil application to carnations as one of e mo used flowers for flori cut avoid e loss of fertilizers by leaching a ereby flower arrangement due to its excellent keeping quality, minimizing e grou water pollution [4, 5]. Foliar wide range of forms, ability to wia long diance nutrition is recommeed by several inveigators as an transportation. Therefore, paying a great attention to alternative fertilization meod to improve e grow a improve bo qualitative a quantitative characteriics flowering of anemone [6, 7] carnation [8, 9]. Similar of carnations, especially, ese grown uer greenhouse fiings were also reported by Mazrou et al. [], on coition is essential. Foliar application of nutrients is chrysanemum, Eraki et al. [] on rose plants, gaining more importance in fertilization of various field Al-Humaid [] on tuberose, Pal a Biswas [3] a a floricultural crops, in many countries. The advantages Mahgoub et al. [4] on iris plants. of foliar fertilizers were more obvious uer growing The objective of is udy to inveigate e coitions rericting e absorption of nutrients from influence of commercial foliar fertilizers on grow a e soil, as reported by Hamdi [] a Verma et al. []. flower production of carnation plants uer greenhouse The nutrients supplied by macro a micro-elements are coition. Correspoing Auor: Aly H. El-Naggar, Ornamental Horticulture a lascape Gardening Department, Faculty of Agric., Floriculture, (EL-Shatby), Alexaria Univ., Egypt 6

2 World J. Agric. Sci., 5 (5): 6-63, 9 MATERIALS AND METHODS Foliar Application of Mineral Fertilizer: The plants were sprayed wi e foliar fertilizer "Sangral" at The present work was carried out during two concentrations of.% (control),.,.4,.6,.8 successive seasons (6 a 7) in e a.%. The control plants were sprayed wi diilled greenhouse in Noubaria region, Alexaria Governorate, water. The Sangral fertilizer contains macro-elements Egypt. Dianus caryophyllus cv. "Red Sim" plants were (%N, % P, % K a. % Mg) a microused in is udy for its popularity in flower trade for elements (7 ppm Fe, 4 ppm Zn, 6 ppm Cu, 4 ppm Mn, decoration purposes. 7ppm B a 4 ppm Mo). The treatments were subjected to five sprays during e grow period which arted Preparation of Cuttings a Rooted Cuttings of after ree weeks after planting. The plants of each Carnation Plant: The cuttings of carnation cv. treatment were sprayed till run off point (L/plot) wi "Red Sim" were taken from certified moer plants on ree weeks intervals. The experimental layout was 5 June, 6 a 7 June, 7. These uniform cuttings, designed to provide complete raomized containing wi an average leng of cm per cutting, 6 6 treatments wi four replicates a 5 plants / plot. visible leaf pairs a average weight g. Cuttings were directly rooted uer mi propagation for ree weeks. Grow Parameters a Chemical Conituents The propagation soil was made by mixing peat-moss a Vegetative Grow a Flowers Characteriics: sa (:, v/v) a giving secos irrigation burs Conventional meods were used to record e data on every 5 minutes. e vegetative grow parameters which included: I-em leng (cm), II-em diameter (cm), III-fresh weight of em Experimental Greenhouse Treatments: The physical (g),iv-dry weight of em (g), V-leaves number/ plant, analysis of e used soil revealed at it was containing VI-fresh weight of leaves (g) VII-dry weight of leaves (g) 7., 6. 8, 3. 9 a 7. % of coarse sa, fine sa, silt a ose of flowering parameters were: I-flowering a clay respectively. The chemical analysis cleared at, time [e time taken to showing color from planting date it was containing. 9,. 4 a. 7 % of N, PO5a (day)], II-flowers number/ plant, III-flower diameter (cm), KO, respectively. The electric couctivity (EC) was IV-flower fresh weight / plant (g), V-flower dry weight /.79 (dsm ) wi ph of Two kilograms of farmyard plant (g). manure / m (moiure 8 %) of e surface soil was added, few days before planting a well mixed wi e soil Chemical Analysis: Total chlorophyll content a total during preparing e greenhouse soil. The chemical carotenoids in fresh leaf samples (mg/g FW) was composition of e used manure was. 83 %, N. 6 % determined by using e meod described by Greig et al. PO 5a. 9% KO. The rooted cuttings were planted on [7] in e leaves benea e terminal bud at showing 6 a 8 July for e two seasons, respectively uer color age [8]. Nitrogen a phosphorus percentages in e greenhouse coitions. Planting spacing was cm dried leaves were determined according to meods between rows a cm between plants. Three weeks described by Chapman a Pratt [9] a Bringham []. later, e pinching process (single pinch) of e growing Potassium percentage was determined by using Flame points of all e plants was done to accelerate e basal Photometer according to Brown a Lillela [] a branching on 7 Augu a 9 Augu 6 a Chapman a Pratt [9]. Micronutrients Zn a Cu 7 in e fir a seco seasons, respectively. contents were determined by using Perkin-Elmer Atomic The plants were drip irrigated, water was supplied at rate Absorption spectrophotometer. V-Total carbohydrate. 87 liters m day divided to ree irrigation times contents in e dried leaf samples were determined during a day [5, 6]. according to Herbert, et al. []. The plants were supported wi plaic grids at suitable heights. Three well diributed branches were Statiical Analysis: Data of grow characters were chosen on each plant on a 4 September 6 a subjected to atiical analysis of variance a e means 7 in e two seasons, respectively for e experimental were compared using e "Lea Significant Difference purposes. The disbudding was practiced to allow one (L. S. D)" te at e 5% level, as described by Snedecor terminal bud to develop per branch. a Cochran [3]. 63

3 World J. Agric. Sci., 5 (5): 6-63, 9 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Effect of Foliar Nutrition Treatments on Vegetative Grow Characteriics: Tables - a Fig. -4 showed at spraying "Red Sim" carnation plants wi different concentration of foliar fertilizer increased significantly e different vegetative grow parameters, em leng, em diameter, fresh a dry weight of em, leaves number, as well as e fresh a dry weights of leaves, compared to e untreated plants. The highe values were obtained by application of. 6% foliar fertilizer for several grow characteriics, such as em leng, em diameter, em fresh a dry weight, number of leaves/branch as well as, fresh a dry weight of leaves/ Table : Effect of different concentrations of foliar nutrition on e em leng (cm), em diameter (cm), em fresh a dry weight (g) of Dianus caryophyllus cv. Red Sim plants grown uer greenhouse coitions during 6 a 7 seasons. Stem leng (cm) Stem diameter (cm) Stem fresh weight (g) Stem dry weight (g) Foliar Fertilizer % LSD 5% L.S.D (. 5) = Lea significant differences at. 5 level of probability Table : Effect of different concentrations of foliar nutrition on number of leaves / branch, fresh a dry weight of leaves /branch (g) of Dianus caryophyllus cv. Red Sim plants grown uer greenhouse coitions during 6 a 7 seasons Number of leaves/ branch Leaves fresh weight (g) Leaves dry weight (g) Foliar Fertilizer % LSD 5% L.S.D (. 5) = Lea significant differences at. 5 level of probability %.% Fig. : Effect of different concentrations of foliar nutrition on em diameter (cm) of Dianus caryophyllus cv. "Red Sim" plants grown uer greenhouse coitions during 6 a 7 seasons 64

4 World J. Agric. Sci., 5 (5): 6-63, % Concentrations of foliar nutration.% Fig. : Effect of different concentrations of foliar nutrition on em leng (cm) of Dianus caryophyllus cv. "Red Sim" plants grown uer greenhouse coitions during 6 a 7 seasons nff.%.% Fig. 3: Effect of different concentrations of foliar nutrition on em weight (g) of Dianus caryophyllus cv. Red Sim plants grown uer greenhouse coitions during 6 a 7 seasons. plant (8. 59 cm,. 78 cm, g, 4. 3 g, 4. 76, g nitrogen assimilation into protein [4]). Also, e a 3.63 g, respectively in e fir season a imulating effects of macro a micro nutrients 8.86 cm,.79 cm, 64.8 g, 4.3 g, 5.89, 4.77 g may be due to activating apical meriems beside e a 3.68 g, respectively, in e seco season). protoplasm formation, division a elongation of These increases may be due to e effect of e nutrient meriems cells, enhancing e biosynesis of proteins elements at suitable a adequate concentrations in a carbohydrates. These togeer led to enhancing promoting e vegetative grow a dry matter e grow. Similar results were obtained by Verma et al. accumulation. In addition, e effect of suitable [5] on carnation plants, Al-Humaid [] on rose plants concentration of e foliar fertilizer which required macro- a El-Naggar [6] on gladioli plants. On e oer elements (N, P, K, Mg) a micro-elements (Fe, Zn, Cu, ha, using e highe fertilization level (. 8 a/or. Mn, B a Mo) for optimum grow as e synesis of %) reduced e grow characters (Table -). organic N-compous in e plant depes on a number This effect could be attributed to accumulation of salts on of inorganic ions Mg for chlorophyll formation, P for e leaf surface, which causes leaf scourching a synesis of nucleic acids a K which is necessary for burning [4]. 65

5 World J. Agric. Sci., 5 (5): 6-63, %.% Fig. 4: Effect of different concentrations of foliar nutrition on leaves fresh weight (g) of Dianus caryophyllus cv. Red Sim plants grown uer greenhouse coitions during 6 a 7 seasons. Table 3: Effect of different concentrations of foliar nutrition on flowering time (day), flowers number / plant, flower diameter (cm), flower fresh a dry weight (g) of Dianus caryophyllus cv. Red Sim plants grown uer greenhouse coitions during 6 a 7 seasons Flowering time (day) Flowers number/ plant Flower diameter (cm) Flower fresh weight (g) Flower dry weight (g) Foliar Fertilizer % LSD 5% L.S.D (. 5) = Lea significant differences at. 5 level of probability Effect of Foliar Nutrition Treatments on Flower suitable foliar fertilizer concentration at optimum doses Production: Data presented in Table 3 a Fig. 5-6 may be due to e role of e nutrient elements such as clearly show a pronounced improvement in e flowering nitrogen, phosphorus a potassium, which is necessary characteriics[number of days from planting to flowering, for e synesis of protein a cytokinin, consequently, flowers number/ plant, flower diameter (cm), fresh a dry affects cell division. These results are similar to ose weight of flowers (g)] as a result of spraying" Red Sim'' obtained by Pal a Biswas [3] on anurium on carnation plants wi foliar fertilizer (Sangral), compared tuberose plants,mazrou et al. [7] on rose plants, to e control plants. Papadimitrio a Manios [8], Starck et al. [9], Data in Table 3 iicated at e time taken to Ramesh et al. [3] on carnation plants a Dufour a showing color in e two growing seasons was Guerin [3]. On e oer ha, e observed decrease in significantly decreased wi Sangral foliar application. is respect as a result of spraying plants wi e highe The earlie reduction in e period from planting date foliar fertilizer concentrations (. %) may be due to e until appearance of color, was obtained by using. 6% presence of high salt concentrations in e spraying Sangral application gave 3. 5 a day in e solution which may raise e respiration rate a increase fir a seco seasons, respectively compared wi e e rate of metabolic catabolism [3]. These results are in control (3. 56 a 33. day in bo seasons, agreement wi ose obtained by Chaturvedi et al. [7], respectively). The increment in e number of flowers, El-Naggar [6] on gladiolus a Koriesh [33] on size, fresh a dry weight of flowers as a result of using chrysanemum. 66

6 World J. Agric. Sci., 5 (5): 6-63, %.% Fig. 5: Effect of different concentrations of foliar nutrition on flower number/plant of Dianus caryophyllus cv. Red Sim plants grown uer greenhouse coitions during 6 a 7 seasons %.% Fig. 6: Effect of different concentrations of foliar nutrition on flower diameter (cm) of Dianus caryophyllus cv. Red Sim plants grown uer greenhouse coitions during 6 a 7 seasons Table 4: Effect of different concentrations of foliar nutrition on e total chlorophyll, total carotenoids (mg/g FW) a total carbohydrates (%) of Dianus caryophyllus cv. Red Sim plants grown uer greenhouse coitions during 6 a 7 seasons Total chlorophyll (mg/g FW) Total carotenoids (mg/g FW) Total carbohydrates (%) Foliar Fertilizer % LSD 5% L.S.D = Lea significant differences at. 5 level of probability (. 5) 67

7 World J. Agric. Sci., 5 (5): 6-63, %.% Fig. 7: Effect of different concentrations of foliar nutrition on total chlorophyll (mg/ g FW) of Dianus caryophyllus cv. Red Sim plants grown uer greenhouse coitions during 6 a 7 seasons. 3.5 N (%).5.5.%.% Fig. 8: Effect of different concentrations of foliar nutrition on leaf nitrogen (%) of Dianus caryophyllus cv. Red Sim plants grown uer greenhouse coitions during 6 a 7 seasons. Chemical Conituents. % which gave 37. 3, mg/ g FW a 6.9 Effect of Foliar Nutrition Treatments on Total (%) respectively, in e season a 36. 4, Chlorophyll (a+b),total Carotenoids (mg/ g FW) (mg/ g FW) a (%) respectively, in e a Total Carbohydrate Percentages in Leaves: season). The results of chemical analysis of fresh leaf This improvement in e chlorophyll, carotenoids samples presented in Table 4 a Fig 7-8 revealed a total carbohydrates content as a result of foliar at e total chlorophyll (a+b), carotenoids content nutrition could be attributed to e mode of action of (mg/ g FW) a total carbohydrates (%) in e macro a micro elements in enhancing e dried leaves of "Red Sim" carnation plants teed to photosynetic activity a enzymes of carbohydrates increase generally as a result of foliar fertilization transformation. Similar results were reported by Eraki et al. (Sangral) compared to e control. The highe significant [] on rose plants, Verma et al. [5] on carnation plants increase in total chlorophyll, carotenoids a total a El-Naggar [6] on gladiolus a Hassan et al. [34] on carbohydrates content were obtained by foliar fertilizer at dahlia plants. 68

8 Table 5: World J. Agric. Sci., 5 (5): 6-63, 9 Effect of different concentrations of foliar fertilizer on leaves mineral contents of Dianus caryophyllus cv. Red Sim plants grown uer greenhouse coitions during 6 a 7 seasons N (%) P (%) K (%) Zn (ppm) Cu ( ppm) Foliar Fertilizer % LSD 5% L.S.D = Lea significant differences at. 5 level of probability (. 5) Effect of Foliar Nutrition Treatments on Mineral 5. Tomimori, S.Y., Y. Tashiro a T. Taniyama, 995. Content: The results in Table 5 showed e percentage of Exhau characteriics a Loads of Fertilizer N in e leaves on dry weight basis. It was significantly nutrients in drainage from a golf course Japanese. J. increased as foliar fertilization dose increased up to e of Crop Sci., 64(4): highe fertilizer level (. %). Potassium (%), phosphorus 6. Pislornik, M., 985. Fertilizer requirement of seedlings (%), Zinc (ppm) a cupper (%) elements followed e of e poppy anemone (Anemone coronaria L.). same tre as nitrogen. These results reflect e positive Acta Agraia et Silveria Series Agraria (Pola), relationship between e concentration of foliar fertilizer 4: a e minerals content of e leaves. This could be 7. Chaturvedi, O.P., I.N. Shukla a A.R. Singh, 986. attributed to e rapid absorption of ese elements by e Effect of Agromin on grow a flowering in plant surface, especially e leaves a eir translocation gladiolus. Progressive Hortic., (3-4): wiin e plant [4]. Similar results were obtained by 8. Stack, R.W., R.K. Hor a R.W. Langhans, 986. Sharaf a El-Naggar [9] on carnation, Mahgoub et al. Effect of nitrogen a potassium fertilization on [4] on iris plants, Strack et al. [9] on carnation, infection of floris carnation by Gebberella zeae. Khattab a Hassan [35] on chrysanemum a Haikal Plant Disease, 7(): 9-3. [36] on gladiolus, 9. Sharaf, A.I. a A.H. El-Naggar, 3. Response of Finally, ese results show at foliar fertilization carnation plant to phosphorus a boron foliar (Sangral) at suitable concentration (. 6%) had a fertilization uer greenhouse coitions. Alex. J. considerably beneficial effect for improving e Agric. Res., 48(): quantitative a e qualitative characteriics of. Mazrou, M.M., 99. The effect of GA 3 application Dianus caryophyllus cv. "Red Sim" uer greenhouse a Foliar-x nutrition on e grow a flowering of coition. Queen Elizabe rose plants. Menofiya J. Agric. Res., 6(): REFERENCES. Eraki, M.A., M.M. Afify a M.M. Mazrou, 993. The role of Magnesium nutrition, GA 3 application. Hamdi, I., 979. Trace element in Egyptian a eir combinations on e grow a flowering Agriculture, Proc. Workshop. (Micronutrients a of Queen Elizabe rose plants. Menofiya J. Agric. Plant Nutrition). Mariut, Egypt. Res., 4(): Verma, V.K., O.P. Sehgal a S.R. Shiman,.. Al-Humaid, A.I.,. The influence of foliar Effect of nitrogen a GA 3 on carnation. J. nutrition a gibberellic acid application on e Ornamental Hortic., 3(): 64, 3 ref. grow a flowering of "Sntrix" rose plants. Alex. J. 3. rd Darling, R.M., 975. Plant Physiology. 3 Ed., Agric. Res., 46(): Affiliated Ea-We Press Put. Ltd., New Delhi. 3. Pal, A.K. a B. Biswas, 5. Response of 4. Paparazzi, E.T. a H.B. Tukey, 979. Foliar fertilizer on grow a yield of tuberose (Polianes uptake of nutrients by selected ornamental plants. J. tuberose L. ) cv. Calcutta single in e plains of We Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci., 4(6): Bengal. J. Interacademicia, 9():

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