on growth and flowering regulation of in vitro raised hybrid gerbera under shade net

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1 Agric. Sci. Digest., 35 (3) 2015: Print ISSN: X / Online ISSN: AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATION CENTRE Efficacy of on growth and flowering regulation of in vitro raised hybrid gerbera under shade net S.K. Patra*, S. Beura and T. Shasani Department of Floriculture and Landscaping, College Of Agriculture, OUAT, Bhubaneswar , India. Recieved: Accepted: DOI: / ABSTRACT Study was carried out to find out the effect of plant bioregulators on growth and flower of in vitro raised hybrid gerbera plants under shade net. The findings of the investigation revealed that GA3 100 ppm accelerated both vegetative growth and flowering characters such as stalk length, number of flowers per plant, flower diameter throughout the investigation period from January to June Key words: Gerbera,, Shade net, PPM. INTRODUCTION Gerbera, a jubilant cut flower is used in fresh and dry flower arrangement, floral decoration, exhibition and in high class bouquet. It is widely used as a decorative garden plant i.e. they are planted in beds, pots, borders and in rockery for garden display. It is one of the most popular cut flower gaining importance day by day. To meet the demand of high value cut flower crop of gerbera, it is necessary to enhance the production both in quantitative and qualitative aspects. Growth regulators are used to overcome the factors limiting the growth and yield to harness maximum benefit. It is also observed that foliar application of growth regulators stimulate flowering to get maximum yield. Works have been done by Lal and Mishra,1986; Singh et al., 1991 and Panwar et al., 2006 in different ornamental crops on this aspect. However the work done on gerbera is meager. Therefore, considering the commercial importance of this high value crop and problem associated with this crop, to get maximum flower production the present experiment was carried out. MATERIALS AND METHODS The present experiment was carried out at Department of Floriculture and Landscaping, College of Agriculture, OUAT, Bhubaneswar in the year 2011 to study the flowering regulation of in vitro raised hybrid gerbera cv. Cassiana under shade net structure by plant bioregulators. The experiment consisted of one hundred thirty five gerbera plants planted in clay pots laid out in complete randomized design having three replications and nine treatment combinations with five number of plants per replication. Observations were recorded for each plant selected from each treatment in every month to record the growth parameters such as plant spread, number of leaves per plant and yield components like number of flower per plant, stalk length, flower diameter. *Corresponding author s sailendri_patra@yahoo.co.in. Treatment combinations are; T 1 = Control (water) T 2 = 25 ppm T 3 = 50 ppm T 4 = 75 ppm T 5 = 100 ppm T 6 = 125 ppm T 7 = 150 ppm T 8 = 175 ppm T 9 = 200 ppm RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Study on efficacy of on growth and flowering regulation of in vitro raised hybrid gerbera under shade net structure for a period of six months (January 2011 to June 2011) revealed that, character like plant spread, number of leaves per plant, stalk length, number of flowers per plant and flower diameter increased from the month of January to March being highest in March by the application of 100ppm and reduced from March 2011 to June 2011 in a decreasing manner. Ve getative growth: In t he present in vestigati on different concentrations of gibberllic acid such as 25,50,75,100,125,150,200 and 250 ppm were used as a foliar spray at 4 th leaf stage of in vitro raised hybrid gerbera cv. Cassiana under shade net. Among all the concentrations of gibberellic acid, 150 ppm increased the plant spread throughout the period of six months followed by 100 and 125 ppm (Table 1). In case of gerbera plant spread was measured as a major vegetative growth due to its rosette type of growth habit instead of plant height. Another growth character such as number of leaves per plant was found to be maximum with 100 ppm throughout the observation periods. Increase in the concentration of from 25 to 150 ppm increased the plant spread in an increasing order. Increase in the concentration of from 25 to 100 ppm increase the number of leaves per plant(table 2).

2 174 AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE DIGEST TABLE 1 Efficacy of gibberellic acid on growth and flowering of gerbera under shade net structure in the month of January, February and March T 1 = Control (water) T 2 = 25 ppm T 3 = 50 ppm T 4 = 75 ppm T 5 = 100 ppm T 6 = 125 ppm T 7 = 150 ppm T 8 = 175 ppm T 9 = 200 ppm

3 TABLE 2 Efficacy of gibberellic acid on growth and flowering of gerbera under shade net in the month of April, May and June Volume 35 Issue 3 (2015) 175

4 176 AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE DIGEST The results corroborated with the findings of Bhatacharya (1993b) who reported increased vegetative growth of Raktagandha roses by application of as foliar spray at ppm concentration and also with Beura(1989) in dahlia where 200 ppm increased the shoot :root ratio. also increased the growth of impatiens and balsam 56 days under 8 and 28 hours photoperiod (Nanda et al.,1973) Mittal et al,(1967) observed that treated dahlia plant were taller in height than untreated one. Shanmugan et al.(1973) found that treated chrysanthemum varieties had increased plant height and intermodal length. Nanjan and Muthuswamy (1975) reported that treatment in rose increased shoot and internode length. Bhatacharya(1984) reported that at 10 and 100 ppm was effective in increasing vegetative growth in gladiolus. Singh et al.(1991) observed that treatment on African marigold at 22 days after planting constantly increased the plant growth.increased vegetative growth might have been due to increased photosynthesis and respiration which enhanced carbon dioxide fixation in the treated plant (Broughton et al.,1970). The increase in vegetative growth might be attributed to the physiological action of where increased the size of meristematic region and proportion of cell of undergoing cell division. Flowering: In the present study at 100 ppm had spectacular effect on flowering characters such as stalk length, number of flowers per plant and flower diameter throughout the observation period i.e from January 2011 to June 2011 in vitro raised gerbera cv. Cassiana under shade net. Longer stalk, more number of flowers per plant and larger flowers were obtained by foliar application of at 100 ppm. Increase in concentration from 25 to 100 ppm increased the stalk length, number of flowers per plant and flower diameter in an increasing rate and further increase in concentration up to 200 ppm decreased the floral character in decreasing rate. The effect was more spectacular during the month of March where stalk length,number of flowers per plant and flower diameter were maximum with 100 ppm. Folliar spray of 100 ppm (Table 1) had significant effects on floral characters from January 2011 to March 2011 being optimum during the month of March. The effect gradually reduced from March 2011 to June 2011(Table 2). However throughout the observation period. 100 ppm was found to be ideal for enhancing the flower stalk. treatment was in agreement with the findings of Sen and Naik (1977) reported that application of increased auxin production in the leaves and bulbs which stimulate flower stalk elongation in papaver. The reproductive phase of annual plant with the outcome of complex form of chemical changes inside the plant.pbrs are group of substances which manipulated development of flower bud primordial,bud initiation, development of flower bud and opening of flowers. In this experiment foliar application of produced longer stalk, more number of flowers, larger flower and effect was more spectacular at 150 ppm. Application of attributed production of more number of leaves at early stage of growth which than had sufficient time to accumulate carbohydrates. 100 ppm produced maximum number of flowers per plant. This might be due to enhanced induction of flower bud break i.e. differentiation of floral primordial in the apical growing region by which lead to increased production of flower per plant (Singh and Srivastava, 2008). Use of gibberellic acid as foliar spray increased the stalk length and produced more number of larger flower. This might be due to increase in cell elongation and rapid mobilisation and accumulation of metabolites which probably influenced floral morphogenesis thus render maximum flower per plant (Singh,2004). induced promotion of flowering which due to increased synthesis as well as translocation of flowering hormone. Increase in stalk length with application can be attributed to active cell elongation in the flower to increase the sink strength of actively growing part. has reported to induce on entire development programme by activation of master regulatory gene in the later stage of corolla development which contributed to improve flower size, maximum number of flowers per plant with application. Bhattacharya (1993) reported that 200 ppm markedly increase the flower production in lilium. 10 to 100 ppm increased flower size, stalk length and enhanced the number, size and weight in Hippeastrum hybridum (Bhattacharya(1984). The biggest flower with longer stalk length were obtained with 100 ppm. The enhancement of flower size be due to increase in length of petals and pedicels. Zieslin et al.(1974) reported that the enlargement of flower size caused by drawing of photosynthates to the flower as a consequence of intensification of sink. It is confirmatory with the study of Rajagopalan and Abdul Khader (1994) in chrysanthemum. CONCLUSION On the basis of the findings of the present study, it is concluded that application of at 100ppm could successfully manipulate the growth and flowering behavior of the gerbera. However, further research is the need of the day for this particular majestic flower so that it becomes the numero uno in the floricultural trade in the upcoming years.

5 Volume 35 Issue 3 (2015) 177 REFERENCES Beura, S, (1989). Studies on varieties of Dahlia (Dahlia variabilis, Desf.) and storage of tuber. Bhattacharjee,S.K,(1993).Studies on the effect of gibberellic acid on growth, flowering, flower quality and postharvest life of Rosa hybrid cv. Raktagandha. Indian Rose Annual,11: Bhattacharjee, S.K.(1984). The effect of growth regulating chemicals on gladiolus. Gartenbawissenschaft, 49: Broughton, W. J; Hellmth, E.O. and Young, D,(1970). Role of glucose in development of the gibberellins response in peas. Biochem bophys Acta, 222: Lal, H and Mishra, S.P.,(1986). Effect of and MH on growth and flowering of marigold and aster. Progressive Horticulture, 18: Mittal, S.P. (1967). Effect of gibberellic on growth and flowering of Dahlia. Madras Agrc. Journal, 54: Nanda,K.K.; Muthuswamy, S and Sawhney, N. (1973). Effect of cycloheximide on response and on photoperiodic reactions of Impatiens balsamina L. Annals Bot, 37: Nanjan,K and Muthuswamy, S. (1975). Growth and flowering response of Edward rose (Rosa borboniana) to gibberellic acid spray. South Indian Horticulture, 23: Panwar, R.D., Sindhu, S.S, Sharma, J.R. and Gupta, R.B, (2006). Response of bulb dpping in gibberellic acd on growth, flowering and bulb production in tuberose. Journal of Horticulture, 12: Rajagopalan, A and J.B.M Abdul khader,(1994). Regulation of flowering in chrysanthemum by gibberellic acid application. Indian J.Agric. Sci, 64: Sen, S.K. and Naik, J., (1977). Growth and flowering response of pinched and unpinched chrysanthemum to growth regulator treatment. Indian Journal of Horticulture, 33: Shanmugan, A; Muthswamy, S and Rao, V.N.M.(1973). A study on the effect of growth substances on chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum indicum Linn). Madras Agric. Journal, 60:1-5 Singh,A.K,(2004). Influence of plant bio regulator on application of growth regulators on flowering of tuberose (Polyanthes tuberose I.). Journal of Ornamental Horticulture,12: Singh, M.P.; Singh, R.P. and Singh, G.N,(1991). Effect of and ethereal on the growth and flowering of African marigold (Tagetes erecta Linn). Haryana Journal of Horticultre Sci, 20: Singh,B,Srivastav,R,(2008).Effect of and ethrel on the growth and flowering of African marigold (Tagetes erecta Linn).Haryana Journal of Horticulture Sci, 20: Zieslin, N; I. Brin and A.H.Halvey,(1974).The effect of growth regulators on growth and pigmentation of Baccara rose flowers Plant Physiology,15: