Tomato Disease & Insect Control Manual With Variety Selection. By Anthony Carver Extension Agent - Grainger County

Size: px

Start display at page:

Download "Tomato Disease & Insect Control Manual With Variety Selection. By Anthony Carver Extension Agent - Grainger County"

Betty Kelly
6 years ago
Views:

1 Tomato Disease & Insect Control Manual With Variety Selection By Anthony Carver Extension Agent - Grainger County

2 Table of Contents Acknowledgements... 2 Disease Identification... 3 Disease Control... 1 Insect Identification Insect Control Varieties Suggested spray schedule, irrigation schedule and weed control guide attached at end. 1

3 Acknowledgements Special thanks goes to the following people and sources of information for making this manual and short course possible. UT Extension 214 Commercial Vegetable Disease Control Guide Southeastern U.S. 214 Vegetable Crop Handbook North Carolina Agricultural Chemical Manual 214 Dr. Allen Straw, Virginia Tech Vegetable Specialist Cornell University Department of Plant Pathology Website, T. A. Zitter for pictures Diane Brickey Editing 2

4 Disease Identification Pictures taken from Cornell University, Rutgers University, A.F. Sherf, R. Providenti, and Grainger County Producers Calcium Deficiency or Blossom-End Rot use Calcium Nitrate the 4 th, 6 th and 9 th week of crop at 5 lbs/acre in drip irrigation. Magnesium Deficiency use Epson Salt at 2 lb/a or 4 lb/greenhouse Phytophthora Blight Septoria Leaf Spot 3

5 Botrytis Gray Mold Leaf Mold Bacterial Pith Necrosis 4

6 Bacterial Canker Bacterial Speck Bacterial Spot Southern Bacterial Wilt 5

7 Early Blight Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus caused by Thripes 6

8 Fusarium Wilt Verticillium Wilt Late Blight 7

9 Virus Diseases and Disorders of Tomato Tomato Mosaic Tobacco Mosaic Virus Cucumber Mosaic Tomato Big-Bud Phytoplasma 8

10 Common Tomato Fruit Disorders Blotchy Ripening Bacterial Soft Rot Anthracnose Graywall Zippering Radial Cracking Catface Bird's Eye Spot Concentric Crack Sunscald Yellow Shoulders 9

11 Tomato Disease Control All tables taken from UT Extension 214 Commercial Vegetable Disease Guide Pest Fungicide Suggested rate/acre TOMATO, PLANT BED, OUTDOOR Remarks & Precautions Damping Off Lower stem shrivels and seedling collapses. Terraclor 75WP Previcur Flex 4-8 oz/1 gal water 32 fl oz/1 sq ft at seeding 16 fl oz after emergence Soil drench applied to 4-8 sq. ft of containers or beds. Can be repeated once 4-6 weeks later. Use fungicide treated seed when possible. Minimum of 5 gal water per 1 sq ft Botrytis (Gray Mold) Gray, fuzzy growth. & Early Blight Brown spots on leaves or stem. chlorothalonil 6L pt/4356 sq ft Spray, first true leaves, repeat at weekly interval. Outdoor beds only. Bacterial Canker, Spot, Speck Tiny, dark brown to black spots on leaves. streptomycin sulfate sodium hypochlorite (Clorox) 1 lb/1 gal 1 qt in 4 qt water When symptoms appear and 4-5 days intervals until transplant Wash seed for 4 min in solution with continuous agitation; air dry promptly. Use 1 gal solution per 1 lb seed 1

12 Pest TOMATO, GREENHOUSE After Transplant Early & Late Blight, Gray Leaf Spot, Leaf Mold Botrytis Stem Canker Bacterial Speck & Spot Early & Late Blight, Septoria Leaf Spot Gray Mold (Botrytis) Sclerotinia Stem Rot (Timber Rot) Powdery Mildew Fungicide Suggested Rate/Acre PHI days Maximum Use/Acre/ Season Remarks & Precautions mancozeb 8WP lb/1 gal lb Potential for phytotoxicity(injury) Catamaran 4.5 pt/43,56 sq ft 5 pt exists for Catamaran. Do not apply as a mixture Tanos 5WG 6-8 oz/43,56 sqft 3 72 oz with any other product. Tanos must be tank mixed with mancozeb. Botran 75WP 1 lb/1 gal 1 4 app Botran is sprayed to stem of plant from ground level up to in Fixed copper Foliar sprays Kocide DF Kocide 2 Fontelis Scala 5SC Catamaran Degree 5WDG Serenade Veranda Contans WG Fontelis Veranda Rally 4WP Sulfur 9WP 2-4 Tbsp/1 sq ft Tbsp/1 sq ft TBSP/gal/136 sq ft 7 fl oz/1 gal 4.5 pt/43,56 sq ft 1.5 lb/43,56 sq ft 2 6 qt/43,56 sqft 6.2 oz/acre oz/1 sq ft TBSP/gal/136 sq ft 6.2 oz/ acre oz/43,56 sq ft 5 lb/43,56 sq ft fl oz/136 sq ft 35 fl oz 5 pt 6 lb 5 app 2.2 oz 5 app Foliar sprays. Do not make more than 2 consecutive applications of Degree before rotating. Scala must be tank mixed with another effective fungicide. Ventilate for at least 2 hours after application to avoid plant damage from vapor. Apply to soil 3 months prior to planting. Till 2-8 in depth. Botran should give some control, also. Spray at 1st sign of mildew and repeat at 5- to 14-day intervals. Due to sulfur s high effectiveness extended spray intervals may be possible. Re-apply only if mildew resumes activity. Do not apply if temps will exceed 9F within 3 days after spraying. Pythuim Root Rot Previcur Flex Terramaster4EC 12.8 fl oz/1 gal 6.5 fl oz/5 gal app 4 app Applied with drip system. See label directions 11

13 Pest TOMATO, FIELD Fungicide Suggested Rate/Acre PHI days Maximum Use/Acre/ Season Remarks & Precautions Bacterial Spot and Speck Small, dark spots on foliage and fruit. Bacterial Spot, Speck, and Canker Small, dark spots on foliage and fruit. Blossom End Rot Firm, sunken area on blossom end of fruit. Actigard 5WG oz 14 8 app Actigard is a plant resistance activator. Under certain conditions, this product may lead to reductions in yield. Refer to label for disclaimer. Begin applications within 1 week of transplanting. Make up to 8 applications, at weekly intervals. After the eighth application, switch to copper sprays if bacterial diseases are present. Begin Actigard applications at.33 oz/a, increasing to.75 oz/a as plants grow. fixed copper + mancozeb 8WP AgriPhage calcium chloride See label 1.5 lb 1 pt lb Ridomil/ Copper can be used, but see label for limitations on use of Ridomil. Adding Tanos to copper and mancozeb may slightly enhance efficacy. May be useful where copper-resistant bacterial strains are present. Cannot be tank-mixed with copper. Use as part of cooperative program with Omni-Lytics, ( ), who formulates the bacteriophage to match your bacterial strains. Re-sample frequently, to accommodate strain shifts. 4 lb/1 gal 4 app Apply as soon as problem is detected or earlier. Maintain adequate calcium level in soil and uniform soil moisture. Avoid excessive irrigation when plants are small. 12

14 Pest TOMATO, FIELD Early Blight Brown target spots followed by blighting of foliage. Late Blight (also see late blight, below) Dark, irregular spots, often worse on younger leaves. Favored by mild, wet weather. Fungicide Fontelis Priaxor Inspire Super Cabrio 2EG chlorothalonil mancozeb Quadris 2.8F Quadris Opti Tanos 5WG Suggested Rate/Acre 1-24 oz 4-8 fl oz 16-2 fl oz 8-16 oz pt lb fl oz 1.6 pt 6-8 oz PHI day 5 3 Maximu m Use/Acre/ Season 72 oz 3 app 47 fl oz 96 oz 2 pt 22.4 lb 37 fl oz 5 app 72 oz Remarks & Precautions Start spraying soon after plants are set and repeat at 7- to 1-day intervals. Note: Quadris, Cabrio and tanos are showing little effect on Early blight. Fontelis and Inspire Super are show good results for early blight. Anthracnose Circular, sunken spots on ripe fruit. Septoria Leaf Spot Small, gray circular leaf spots with dark borders. Fusarium Wilt Yellowing and wilting of foliage. Brown discoloration inside of stem. Crop rotation, fumigation and resistant varieties are treatments.maintain ph between 6.5 and

15 Pest TOMATO, FIELD Fungicide Suggested Rate/Acre PHI days Maximu m Use/Acre/ Season Remarks & Precautions Buckeye Fruit Rot Circular, zonate bands within large spot on fruit, worse on lower clusters. Ridomil Gold Bravo Ridomil Gold Copper Quadris 2.8F Quadris Opti Gavel 75DF Presidio 4SC 2.5 pt 2 lb fl oz 1.6 pt lb 3-4 fl oz app 3 app 37 fl oz 5 app 8 app 12 fl oz All are foliarly applied. Certain mefenoxam and metalaxyl products can be applied in drip irrigation, but have 28 day PHIs.. Gray Mold (Botrytis) Gray, fuzzy mold on blighted foliage and fruits. Early Blight (See above) chlorothalonil 6L Endura 7WG Scala 5SC Switch Fontelis 2.75 pt oz 7 fl oz oz 1-24 fl oz 1 2 pt 25 oz 35 oz 56 oz 72 fl oz Endura may only be applied 2 times per season when applied at the gray mold rate. It is labeled for early blight control at oz/a. Scala must be tank mixed with another one of these. Switch or Fontelis use only 2 times in a roll. Leaf Mold Yellow spots on upper surface of leaf, olive to gray mold on underside. Pythium Root and Stem Rot Dark, watery rot of lower stem of young plants. chlorothalonil 6L mancozeb 8WP Tanos 5WG Quadris Top MetaStar 2E AG Ridomil Gold 4SL Ultra Flourish Aliette 8WDG Previcur Flex 6F 2.75 pt lb 8 oz 8 fl oz 2-4 qt 1-2 pt/treated acre 2-4 pt/treated acre lb 1.5 pt pt 22.4 lb 72 oz 47 fl oz 6 qt 3 pt 6 pt 2 lb 7.5 pt Tanos must be tank mixed with and alternated with a non-strobilurin fungicide such as chlorothalonil or mancozeb.. Apply MetaStar, Ridomil or Ultra Flourish preplant incorporated or see label for other methods. Aliette/Linebacker are foliar sprays. Apply Previcur via transplant water, drip, sprinkler, or direct nozzle to lower portion of plant and soil. 14

16 Pest TOMATO, FIELD Late Blight Large, irregular spots on leaves; firm rot of fruit. Sclerotinia Stem Rot (Timber Rot) Dry, brown rot on stem. Hard, black pea-like structures form inside stem. Southern Blight Plants wilt and die. White mold can often be seen on base of stem. Verticillium Wilt Yellowing of leaves; main stem has tan discoloration. Fungicide Cabrio Quadris Reason 4.13F Tanos Ranman Gavel 75DF Curzate 6DF Previcur Flex Forum Revus Revus Top Presidio 4 SC Zampro chlorothalonil Suggested Rate/Acre 8-16 fl oz 6.2 fl oz fl oz 6-8 oz fl oz lb oz pt 6 fl oz fl oz fl oz 3-4 fl oz 14 fl oz pt 15 PHI (days) Maximum Use/Acre/ Season 96 oz 37 fl oz 24.6 oz 72 oz 6 app 8 app 3 oz 7.5 pt 5 app 32 fl oz 28 fl oz 12 fl oz 42 fl oz 2 pt Remarks & Precautions Begin applications before onset of disease and repeat on a 5- to 1-day schedule. Use 5-7 day intervals during mild, wet weather or if late blight is present. Most of these products require alternation with late blight fungicides with a different mode of action. Tank mix with a protectant fungicide such as chlorothalonil or mancozeb.most Late Blight is resistant to Ridomil.Do not use Revus Top on small-fruit varieties (mature fruit less than 2 in.) Cabrio oz 96 oz The Endura and Fontelis tomato label does not include this disease; however, applied as for early blight control, should provide suppression of Sclerotinia. Terraclor 75WP (soil treatment) At Planting Blocker Fontelis After Planting Cabrio Fontelis 3 lb/ 1 gal water pt/1 gal fl oz/1row ft oz fl oz Turn soil deep to bury plant debris which might harbor disease organisms. Use Terraclor in setting water ½ pt per plant. Rotate with sod crops. Crop rotation, fumigation, and resistant varieties are treatments.

17 Pest TOMATO, FIELD Phytophthora Blight (P. capsici) Rot of roots and crown. Fungicide MetaStar 2E Ridomil Gold Ultra Flourish phosphorous acid: Fosphite Presidio Ranman Zampro Suggested Rate/Acre 2-4 qt 1 2 pt 2-4 pt Pre-plant root dip: 2 qt/1 gal Drip irrig.: 2-3 qt in at least 1 gal 3-4 fl oz 2.75 fl oz 14 fl oz PHI (days) Maximum Use/Acre/ Season 6 qt 3 pt 6 pt 12 fl oz 6 app 42 fl oz Remarks & Precautions Plant on raised beds, improve field drainage, and do not plant wet areas. MetaStar, Ridomil or Ultra Flourish: Apply preplant incorporated or see label for other methods. Fosphite: Apply at 2-4 week intervals (see label). Presidio:apply as a soil sprau or drip irrigation. Must be mixed with fungicide with a different mode of action. Ranman: Apply in transplant water or to the base of the plant at transplanting. Can also be applied to the foliage, but must involve in a resistance management program(see label) Zampro: aplly at planting as a spray directed to plant base and root zone or in drip irrigation. 16

18 Insect Identification Pictures taken from Cornell University, Rutgers University, A.F. Sherf, R. Providenti, and Grainger County Producers Aphids Spider Mites White Flies Cabbage Looper Tomato Hornworm 17

19 Tarnish Plant Bug Injury Stink Bug Leaffooted Bug Tobacco Hornworm Tomato Fruitworm Spotted Cucumber Beetle Striped Cucumber Beetle Colorado Potato Beetle Blister Beetle 18

20 Greenhouse Tomato Insect Control All tables taken from 214 NC Agricultural Chemical Manual 19

21 Tomato Disease and Insect Control Manual with Variety Selection Field Insect Control All tables taken from Southeastern U.S. 214 Vegetable Crop Handbook 2

22 Tomato Disease and Insect Control Manual with Variety Selection 21

23 Tomato Disease and Insect Control Manual with Variety Selection 22

24 Varieties Varieties for Greenhouses Recommended for Bag Culture Trust Match Switch Blitz Recommended for Ground Planting Determinate Celebrity Empire Emperador Indeterminate Big Beef Varieties for Field Production Local Sales Varieties Red Delight Red Pride Indy 23

25 Truck Cropping Varieties Celebrity Empire Emperador Joker Fabulous Carolina Gold Big Beef BHN 589 Shipping Varieties Amelia Floralina Florida 47 Mountain Fresh Mountain Spring Sebring 24

26 Spray Schedule This schedule is only meant to be used as a suggestive guide. The amount of money and severity of disease pressure will determine which produces need to be used. If you have any questions, ask your local Extension Agent. Prices are subject to change at moments notice. Tomato Fungicides and Insecticides Weeks after Transplanting Fungicide Rate (product/a) PHI (days) Cost ($/A) Insecticide Rate (product/a) PHI (days) Cost ($/A) Dithane Rainshield 75DF 2 lb/a 5 $6 Baythroid 2EC A 2.8 fl oz/a $8 1 Tanos 8 oz/a 3 $13 Dimethoate 4EC A 1 pint/a 7 $5 Dithane Rainshield 75DF Cuprofix 3 lb/a 2.5 lb/a 5 $9 $5 2 Dithane Rainshield 75DF Actigard 3 Fontelis Early Blight(p) Cuprofix 2 lb/a.5 oz/a 2 oz/a 2.5 lb/a 5 14 $6 $27 $4 $5 Baythroid 2EC A 2.8 fl oz/a $8 Dimethoate 4EC A 1 pint/a 7 $5 4 Dithane Rainshield 75DF Cuprofix 5 Fontelis Early Blight(p) Cuprofix 2 lb/a 2.5 lb/a 2 oz/a 2.5 lb/a 5 $6 $5 $4 $5 Baythroid 2EC A 2.8 fl oz/a $8 Platinum (drip) Dimethoate 4EC 5 fl oz/a 1 pint/a 3 7 $5 $5 6 Dithane Rainshield 75DF Cuprofix 3 lb/a 2.5 lb/a 5 $9 $5 Danitol 2.4EC 1.67 fl oz/a 3 $13

27 7 Cabrio Actigard 8 Dithane Rainshield 75DF Cuprofix 9 Cabrio Cuprofix 1 Bravo Weatherstik 6FL Cuprofix 11 Bravo Weatherstik 6FL Cuprofix 12 Bravo Weatherstik 6FL Cuprofix 13 Bravo Weatherstik 6FL Cuprofix 14 Bravo Weatherstik 6FL Cuprofix 15 Bravo Weatherstik 6FL Cuprofix 12 oz/a.75 oz/a 3 lb/a 2.5 lb/a 12 oz/a 2.5 lb/a 3 pints/a 2.5 lb/a 3 pints/a 2.5 lb/a 3 pints/a 2.5 lb/a 3 pints/a 2.5 lb/a 3 pints/a 2.5 lb/a 3 pints/a 2.5 lb/a 14 5 $18 $41 $9 $5 $18 $5 $18 $5 $18 $5 $18 $5 $18 $5 $18 $5 $18 $5 Thionex 3EC Xentari 1 quart/a.5-2 lb/a 4 $9 $6-24 Danitol 2.4EC 1.67 fl oz/a 3 $13 Thionex 3EC DiPel DF 1 quart/a 1-2 lb/a 4 $9 $8-16 Danitol 2.4EC 1.67 fl oz/a 3 $13 Actara Xentari 3 oz/a.5-2 lb/a $11 $6-24 Baythroid 2EC 2.8 fl oz/a $8 Actara DiPel DF 3 oz/a 1-2 lb/a $11 $8-16 Baythroid 2EC 2.8 fl oz/a $8 Actara Xentari 3 oz/a.5-2 lb/a $11 $ Bravo Weatherstik 6FL 3 pints/a $18 Baythroid 2EC 2.8 fl oz/a $8 Cuprofix 2.5 lb/a $5 A If Admire 2F is applied to transplants at 1 to 2.8 (2) oz/1, plants ($48/A) or 1 pint/a ($73/A), or if Platinum is 5-8 oz/a ($5 8/A) omit -4 week insect control treatments. If mites become a problem, apply Kelthane 5WSP (2 day 1.25 lb/a at a cost of $17/A. If whiteflies become a problem, apply Knack.86EC (14 day 8 to 1 fl oz/a at a cost of $31-39/A. If Early Blight is an issue Fontelis or Inspire Super is great preventers. If Early Blight is present, then Switch, Bravo or Manzate should be used. 1

28 Weeks after Transplanting Irrigation Rate (inches/a/day) a Tomato Irrigation and Fertigation Schedule Irrigation Rate (gallons/a/week) b N Rate (lb N/A/day) c Fertilizer Product Fertilizer Rate (lb/a/week) d Preplant e 5 e ,3-9, ,3-9, ,3-9, ,3-9, ,6-15,8 1 Calcium Nitrate ,6-15,8 1 Potassium Nitrate ,6-15,8 1 Calcium Nitrate ,8-19,1 1 Potassium Nitrate ,8-19, ,8-19,1 1 Calcium Nitrate ,8-19,1 1 Potassium Nitrate ,8-19, ,8-19,1 1 Potassium Nitrate ,6-15,

29 ,6-15,8 1 Potassium Nitrate ,6-15, ,6-15,8 1 Potassium Nitrate 5 a The water requirement of a plant increases as the plants become larger. In addition, as temperatures increase, more water is lost through transpiration. After the peak of production, the watering rate may be reduced. b The gallons of water/a/week is based on 27,156 gallons of water/a inch and 2 ft wide beds on 6 ft centers. Therefore, only 1/3 of the soil area is receiving water (2 ft out of 6 ft). If 2 ft beds were spaced on 5 ft centers, then the gallons required would be 15% higher. c This is a broadcast rate (the entire acreage, not just the area under the plastic). If calculating on a treated acre (the acre under the plastic), the rate would be lb N/A/day. d This is a broadcast rate (the entire acreage, not just the area under the plastic). This rate can be applied once a week or split over several applications. e If a soil test is generated, then apply 6 lb/a N and P2O5 and K2O according to the soil test recommendations. However, if no soil test is generated, then apply a fertilizer that results in 5-6 lb/a N and 1-12 lb/a of each P2O5 and K2O (5-1-1 to ). 3

30 Tomato Herbicides Time of Application Herbicide Rate (product/a) Burndown Gramoxone Max 3SL Non-ionic Surfactant (NIS) 1 qt/a.25% (v/v) (8 oz) PHI (days) Cost ($/A) 3 $1 $1 or Roundup Weathermax qt/a $15-3 Pretransplant Sencor 75DF lb/a 7 $1-13 or Post-transplant A Sencor 75DF Select 2EC COC lb/a 8 fl oz/a 1% (v/v) (32oz) 7 2 $1-13 $11 $3 Directed A Post-transplant Sencor 75DF Select 2EC COC lb/a 8 fl oz/a 1% (v/v) (32 oz) 7 2 $9-13 $11 $3 or Sencor 75DF Gramoxone Max 3SL Non-ionic Surfactant lb/a 1 qt/a.25% (v/v) (8 oz) A Poast 1.5EC (2 day PHI) can be 1.5 pints/a at a cost of $13/A. Use 1% v/v. 7 3 $1-13 $1 $1 4

31 1. Mix 2 to 2.8 fl oz of Admire in 1 quart of water. 2. Treat 1, tomato plants with the 1 quart of water. 3. Rinse the plants with another quart of water. Admire Treatment of Tomato Transplants Programs in agriculture and natural resources, 4-H youth development, family and consumer sciences, and resource development. University of Tennessee Institute of Agriculture, U.S. Department of Agriculture and county governments cooperating. UT Extension provides equal opportunities in programs and employment. 5

In-Ground Greenhouse Tomato Production By Anthony Carver Extension Agent Grainger County

In-Ground Greenhouse Tomato Production By Anthony Carver Extension Agent Grainger County Programs in agriculture and natural resources, 4-H youth development, family and consumer sciences, and resource