Warm up. F: Oxygen G: Water H: Light J: Carbon

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2 Sea grasses grow on the ocean floor in shallow areas. Runoff from the land into the ocean can cause the waters to become turbid or cloudy. Turbid water affects the sea grasses ability to make their own food because there is not enough F: Oxygen G: Water H: Light J: Carbon Warm up

3 Roots help a plant absorb water and nutrients, anchor the plant, and store starches Outside of root is covered in root hairs which protect the root and help increase surface area An increase in surface area increases the amount of absorption

4 Root structure and growth Epidermis: outside layer of mature root and protects and aids in absorption Root hairs: cellular projections that increase surface area for water absorption Cortex spongy layer of ground tissue Endodermis: encloses root s vascular subsystem(xylem for water and phloem for food) Root cap: protects root as it forces its way through the soil Secretes a lubricant to help the root penetrate soil as it grows

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6 Roots uptake water from the soil by osmosis and minerals by active transport (requires ATP) Roots have a strip of cell called a Casparian strip that prevents water from moving from the plant back into the soil Osmosis is a passive process (no energy) Water taken up by the root is moved to other parts of the plant and more water is taken up by the roots Active transport uses ATP to move minerals into the vascular system.

7 Water transport: combination of root pressure, capillary action, and transpiration provides enough force to move water through the xylem tissue of even the tallest plant Capillary action: tendency of water to rise in a thin tube Water is attracted to walls of tube (adhesion) and each other (cohesion) Thinner the tube, the higher the water will rise Adhesion: attraction between unlike molecules

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9 Draw these in your notes! Tap Root

10 Found mainly in dicots Can reach deep into soil and find water Can be used to store sugars Grows deep in ground to anchor plant and reach water

11 Draw this in your notes!!

12 Fibrous Roots Found mainly in monocots Branching roots Helps to prevent erosion Erosion: when soil gets washed away by rain

13 Some plants such as legumes (peanuts, lima beans) have bacteria living on their roots Form a symbiotic relationship with the bacteria. Plant supplies bacteria with food and water, bacteria provides plant with nitrogen

14 Open up the foldable!!!

15 Aerial Exposed to air, ex. Epiphytes Usually for plants that need to grow on top of other plants to reach sunlight. Must get water from rain or mist because they are not in the soil. Ex. Orchid

16 Edible Swollen portions that can have buds to produce new shoots. Ex. Tubers, radish, potato, rutabaga

17 Parasitic Break into other host plants and absorb nutrients. Haustorial roots, strangling roots Ex. Mistletoe

18 Adventitious Roots that have arouse from a non-root origin. Ex. Prop or stilt, buttress or tabular, pneumatophores, nodal root Ex. Corn, Mangroves, Ivy

19 Contractile Roots that become shortened in length (shrivel or shrink) to pull plant down into the soil. Ex. Most bulb plants

20 What type of root adaptation is it? Roots that store nutrients and are often consumed by other organisms Edible

21 What type of root adaptation is it? Roots that allow the plant to gain nutrients from other living plants. Parasitic

22 What type of root adaptation is it? Roots that allow plants to live in the top of the rainforest canopy. These roots are most likely exposed to air. Aerial

23 What type of root adaptation is it? Roots that are from a non root origin, may be found in odd places in a plant. Adventitious

24 What type of root adaptation is it? Roots that help anchor or pull the plant into the soil. Contractile

25 What type of root adaptation is it? Edible

26 What type of root adaptation is it? Aerial

27 What type of root adaptation is it? Adventitious