Advanced IPM Conference. Tina MacIntyre Virginia Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, Office of Plant Industry Services

Transcription

1 Advanced IPM Conference Tina MacIntyre Virginia Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, Office of Plant Industry Services

2 Top 10 Nursery Pests & New Pest Detections in VA Compile and Analyze data from our inspectors nursery reports Analyze our Plant Pathology Lab s sample submission log Norm Dart Analyze reports from the Virginia state entomologist Eric Day

3 Count HOST 113 Mite, Spider 87 Mite, Southern Red 76 Weeds, General 53 Aphid 53 Scale, Juniper 51 Powdery Mildew; Unidentified 45 Phyllosticta Leaf Spot; Phyllosticta Sp./Spp. 45 Scale, Maskell 42 Leaf Spot; Unidentified Fungus 41 Beetle, Japanese

4 346 occurrences of all mites, 15% of all the pest occurrences 113 Mite, Spider 87 Mite, Southern red 29 Mite, Two- spotted 25 Mite, Spruce Spider 6 Mite, Spruce rust Mite 12 Mite, Red 2 Mite, Pine needle sheath 21 Mite, Maple Bladder 20 Mite, Boxwood 12 Mite, Baldcypress Rust

5 Imidicloprid & Mites Arboriculture & Urban Forestry (2): Boxwoods treated with imidacloprid housed significantly more E. buxi and sustained more discoloration than untreated boxwoods. Moreover, there was a direct relationship between the abundance of E. buxi and the amount of associated injury. Arborists and landscape managers should be aware of the potential for elevated abundance of spider mites on boxwoods and greater levels of discoloration following applications of imidacloprid.

6 Boxwood mite European red mite Spruce spider mite Two-spotted spider mite Southern red mite Damage

7

8 Mite Control Hard shot of water Predatory mites Chemicals Horticultural oil 2% Dormant oil Forbid - spiromesifen Floramite - bifenazate, Hexagon hexythiazox Avid - abamectin

9 Count HOST 113 Mite, Spider 87 Mite, Southern Red 76 Weeds, General 53 Aphid 53 Scale, Juniper 51 Powdery Mildew; Unidentified 45 Phyllosticta Leaf Spot; Phyllosticta Sp./Spp. 45 Scale, Maskell 42 Leaf Spot; Unidentified Fungus 41 Beetle, Japanese

10 Mile a Minute Weed

11 Spines Fruit Collar Heart Shaped Leaves

12

13 Management Seeds are viable for 4-5 years target your controls to prevent fruit from forming. Mow or string trimming kills what germinates Will have to monitor for second germination period and mow or string trim again Herbicide, timing the same as mowing

14 Rhinoncomimus latipes

15 MAM Weevil

16

17 MAM distribution

18 Top 10 Nursery Pests & New Pest Detections in VA Compile and Analyze data from our inspectors nursery reports Analyze our Plant Pathology Labs sample log Norm Dart Analyze reports from the Virginia state entomologist Eric Day

19 Plant Pathology List Phytophthora root rot; Phytophthora sp. Boxwood Blight Black Root Rot; Thielaviopsis basicola

20 Phytophthora root rot; Phytophthora sp. 283 entries for phytophthora in our plant pathology sample log why so many

21 Hosts of Our Native Phytophthora Broad host range (generalist) Rhododendron, yews and boxwood highly susceptible

22 Symptoms Stunting of entire plant Wilting Smaller than normal leaves or needles Reddish-brown discoloration of wood at soil line and roots Greatly reduced root systems Dead feeder roots

23

24 AgdiaTest Kit

25 Management Grow resistant cultivars Irrigate plants to prevent drought stress. Phytophthora - resistant plants lose their resistance when drought stressed. Remove and destroy infected plants Plant only in well-drained Locations and plant high Avoid overhead watering especially in late afternoon. Avoid using run-off water for irrigation or untreated pond water.

26 Phytophthora ramorum Sudden Oak Death Devastating Tanoak in California

27 Hosts P. ramorum Mortality Tanoak and several west coast oaks The susceptibility of east coast oaks is unknown Infected but not killed -100 s of plants Most prevalent in nursery trade The Filthy Five Azalea, Kalmia, Pieris, Rhododendron, Viburnum

28 Symtoms

29 Oak

30 How do you tell P. ram from other Phytophthora Be concerned if you see any of the Filthy Five newly planted in a landscape or you receive plants from Washington, Oregon, or California If you have phytophthora test kits use them to confirm it is phytophthora Take a sample of at least 5+ symptomatic leaves and some roots and send them to your state lab for further testing

31 P. ram in VA VDACS has a USDA Farm Bill grant to survey nurseries for P. ram. We use test kits on over 200 samples. VDACS lab is certified to process P. ram samples No positives Advance Notices Oregon, Washington and CA 100+ samples generated from Ans No positives

32 Management Plant destruction Debris removal Grading Improve drainage Soil separation Re-testing New treatments

33 Boxwood Blight A serious fungal disease of boxwood that results in defoliation and decline of susceptible boxwood Is now found in nurseries and in landscapes First found in VA in 2011

34 Caused by Calonectria pseudonaviculata Hosts (Buxaceae) Boxwood (Buxus) Pachysandra spp. Sarcococca spp.

35 Inspection and scouting: Know the symptoms Defoliation Leaf spots Long dark cankers

36

37 It was a big year for BB in VA 120 samples sent to the lab. 24 nurseries or retail stores were positive in 2016

38 Williamsburg- July

39 Calls from Citizens and VA Tech This summer calls from citizens and VA Tech Pathologists alerted us to the fact BB was found in landscapes that were all related to new plants bought at a big box store in SW VA.

40 Back to our AN s As we started to investigate we found the source of the plants was Oregon. This nursery was also + for P. ram. So we used our AN to track down which stores received boxwood inspections at Big Box stores - Stopped the sale of over 15oo plants

41 Notice from North Carolina -Dec 2 big box stores received boxwood decorations from a grower in NC. These stores voluntarily pulled product. We spot checked stores are found additional product

42 Dedicated Inspector Last Friday Found more bb in decorations at another chain

43 Inspections Buy from someone who is working under a cleanliness agreement Sanitation - tools boots, clothes Exclusion- Isolation, limited access Fungicides Management

44 VA Tech -Boxwood Blight Task force Website Group Species Variety Cultivar Tolerant B. sinica aemulans B. microphylla japonica Winter Gem B. microphylla joponica Green Beauty B. sinica insularis Nana B. harlandii B. microphylla Golden Dream

45 The Future A sample came into VA Tech that was not related to any kind of in planting or decoration Landscape maintenance Neighbors yard clean up Movement by dogs or deer What about landscape plants is destruction the only option

46 Black Root Rot; Thielaviopsis basicola Broad host range over 15 plant families "Radiance" Strawberry Sky Pencil Holly Steed's Holly Especially prevalent on Japanese and other holly

47 Symptoms of Black Root Rot Yellowing of the plant Defoliation Stunting or wilting and Swelling of the crown Black/nibbled roots

48

49

50 Soil ph between 5 and 8.5 Soil temperature between 55 and 70 F Saturated soil Favorable conditions for Black Root Rot The fungus can spread from infected roots to healthy roots if they come into contact Spores can also be splashed from pot to pot when watering Contaminated soil or peat moss

51 Management of Black Root Rot Maintain a soil ph below 5.6. Remove and destroy all diseased plants. Use soil-less media when possible. Sterilize all equipment. Fungus gnats and shore flies may be vectors, Control these pests to minimize spread of the fungus. Water in a manner that minimizes splashing Water when needed

52 Top 10 Nursery Pests & New Pest Detections in VA Compile and Analyze data from our inspectors nursery reports Analyze our Plant Pathology Labs sample log Norm Dart Analyze reports from the Virginia state entomologist Eric Day

53 State Entomologist Crepe Myrtle Scale Lanternfly

54 Crepe Myrtle BarkScale Eriococcus lagerstroemiae

55 Crepe Myrtle BarkScale Eriococcus lagerstroemiae Females lay eggs Crawlers are pink & emerge in spring Up close, adult appears white or gray, pink when crushed Sooty Mold indicator they may be present There are 2-4 generations a year in China and can be found from hardiness zone 6-10 there Any life stage can over winter

56

57

58 Management 2.5% Insecticidal soap Or Soap mixed with Horticultural oil Systemic materials

59 VT Entomology, Virginia Cooperative Extension Spotted Lanternfly

60 Spotted lanternfly key information September 22, 2014 found in Berks County in SE Pennsylvania Rock yard Trace forward and survey, not found in other states First US record 2015: Add Chester, Montgomery, Bucks Major pest of grapes and peach in S. Korea

61 Spotted lanternfly biology Tree-of-heaven, Ailanthus altissima main host 35 other recorded hosts Pine, oak, walnut, poplar, grapes, stone fruits, apple. Switches to grape and peach if tree-of-heaven is removed.

62 Spotted Lanternfly data 2015, Sven Spichiger, Penn Dept. Ag. Egg hatch: May 12 Nymphs 2 nd instar June 7 Adults: End of July, early August Produces honeydew Vinegar smell as honey dew ferments on soil surface. VT Entomology, Virginia Cooperative Extension

63 Spotted Lantern-fly Tree of Heaven (TOH) Needs to feed on TOH to produce eggs SLF flies to TOH 6 or bigger If TOH removed, SLF switches to grape and peach Will it be a pest in Virginia? Not known at this time but is bad in a part of the world with similar climate. VT Entomology, Virginia Cooperative Extension

64 Any Questions? Thank you