MINNESOTA CITIZEN PRUNER ADVANCED TRAINING. Oakdale, Newport and St. Paul Park

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1 MINNESOTA CITIZEN PRUNER ADVANCED TRAINING Oakdale, Newport and St. Paul Park

2 MINNESOTA TREE CARE ADVOCATE Minnesota Tree Care Advocate is an organization comprised of volunteers throughout the state all dedicated to community forestry. Tree Care Advocate is now comprised of three community forestry programs including Tree Care Advisor, Citizen Pruner and Tree Steward. Tree Care Advocate works to educate members of the community about their urban forest so that they in turn can volunteer in their neighborhoods and community.

3 MINNESOTA CITIZEN PRUNER Pilot program Connected to the Minnesota Tree Care Advocate In multiple cities throughout the state

4 CITIZEN PRUNERS uphold volunteerism as a way to meet the urban forest needs of Minnesota represent the program with dignity and respect by being a positive spokesperson for the program and the city be courteous, civil, and respectful.

5 WHO S WHO Gary Johnson - Director: directs and administers the program; oversees development and delivery of education and program operations. Contact: johns054@umn.edu Chris Larson - City Forester of Oakdale: coordinates volunteers and volunteer events for the City of Oakdale. Contact: chris.larson@ci.oakdale.mn.us Bruce Hanson Newport City Citizen Pruner Coordinator; will setup volunteer events for participants. Contact: BRHanson@mninter.net Rob Weldon - St. Paul Park City Citizen Pruner Coordinator; will setup volunteer events for participants. Contact: rweldon@stpaulpark.org

6 COMMUNICATIONS

7 CERTIFICATION Open book Competency Assessment which you will pass by answering correctly 75% of questions.

8 RECERTIFICATION 10 Volunteer Hours submitted to MNTCA every calendar year Pass Renewal Competency Assessment every 3 years.

9 WORKING WITH THE PUBLIC Your neighbors will be interested in what you are doing. Show them your Citizen Pruner ID Explain that you passed a Competency Assessment and that you are a volunteer licensed by the City and the University of Minnesota If you receive any negative response to your pruning or planting, cease immediately and inform your city contact where you ended your volunteer work that day, also discuss your interaction with the public.

10 QUESTIONS FROM THE PUBLIC The public will see you as a source of knowledge. They may ask you to look at their tree. Refer them to the Tree Owners Manual or a Certified Arborist. They may have a question about their boulevard tree. They may ask you when their sidewalk will be replaced or another city question.

11 IMPORTANCE OF MINNESOTA CITIZEN PRUNER Volunteers manage small branches near the ground while tree care professionals can focus on larger branches higher in the tree canopies. Vital for clearing sight lines, blocked sidewalks, health of the tree in the future

12 IMPORTANCE OF MINNESOTA CITIZEN PRUNER Budget Cuts

13 PUBLIC VS. PRIVATE Typically feet from curb. If ever unsure contact city representative

14 Don t prune trees that are within 10 feet of utility lines Keep both feet on the ground. Be aware of your surroundings this includes where the branch you are pruning will fall and where you and others are in relation to that branch Follow the dress code. SAFET Y

15 MANAGING BRUSH Manage brush safely for citizens Keep it cleared from the street and sidewalk Place brush a safe distance away from fire hydrants.

16 MANAGING BRUSH Managing brush for your city Make as few piles as possible so that pickup is easy Place all pruned ends on the same side and if possible, face the street If brush it to large to fit with pruned ends facing the street, pile the brush parallel with the street.

17 MANAGING BRUSH FOR NEWPORT AND ST. PAUL PARK Managing brush for your city Pile brush in 3 foot bundles parallel to street.

18 TOOLS OF THE TRADE Bypass Pruners Curved Blades 1-inch Cutting Capacity Handsaws 2-inch Cutting Capacity

19 TOOLS OF THE TRADE Bypass Pruners Curved Blades 1-inch Cutting Capacity Handsaws 2-inch Cutting Capacity Pole Pruners 1 ¼ inch cutting capacity

20 TOOL CLEANING PROCEDURE Clean off all debris and dirt with soap and water Disinfect with rubbing alcohol Spray blade with WD-40 to prevent rusting

21 TREE IDENTIFICATION AND PRUNING RESTRICTIONS Correctly identifying the type of tree about to be pruned is the first crucial step in pruning trees. Different species of trees are susceptible to diseases at different times of year. Pruning trees at the wrong time can lead to infection.

22 AMERICAN BASSWOOD

23 OAKS

24 OAKS

25 OAKS

26 OAKS

27 OAKS Safe to prune typically between November through March Pruning at the wrong time of year may lead to infection of oak wilt.

28 ELMS

29 ELMS Prune when possible between November through March Can be in infected with cankers and Dutch Elm Disease

30 ASH

31 ASH Typically can be pruned September through April Pruning shouldn t take place during Emerald Ash Borer flight season

32 HONEYLOCUST

33 HONEYLOCUST Avoid wet weather when pruning. Prune during heat of summer or from late fall to late winter. Nectria canker is spread through water.

34 CRABAPPLE

35 MOUNTAIN ASH

36 CRABAPPLE AND MOUNTAIN ASH Prune October through early April Susceptible to Fireblight

37 TYPES OF REMOVALS Tree Stem Protections Systems Mulch Volcano s Suckers Sprouts Included bark Co-dominant leaders Crossing or rubbing branches Good spacing between branches Deadwood Temporary branches

38 TREE STEM PROTECTION SYSTEMS Protects trees from weed whips, lawnmowers, animals and herbicides which commonly cause damage to the trees stem. Sometimes they can be secured to the tree for too long which can restrict water and nutrient uptake Should be removed when they are tight to the stem. Keep them separate from pruning debris

39 MULCH VOLCANO S Mulch piled too close to the tree Creates environment that promotes Stem Girdling Roots, insects, and diseases.

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41 TWO GUIDELINES TO KEEP IN MIND 1. Always keep a good Live Crown Ratio. This means that for deciduous trees 60% of the tree should be in Live Crown, and for coniferous trees this means 75% should be in Live Crown 2. Never remove more than 25% of the trees Live Crown in one pruning season.

42 SUCKERS Sprouts that develop at the base of the trunk or off the tree s root system. Can occur because of being planted to deeply. Some trees are naturally prone to suckering. Can block site lines, sidewalks and streets.

43 Suckers that form below the soils surface should be pruned as close to and as parallel with the ground as possible. Suckers that form on the base of the trunk should be pruned similarly to sprouts. PRUNE SUCKERS

44 PRUNE SUCKERS Prune small suckers growing out of the trunk s base with bypass pruners just outside the branch collar or area of swelling. If the sucker is large and is growing out of the base of the trunk, use the three-cut method to prevent bark ripping. No need to use the three cut method on suckers growing out of the ground. Whenever possible, saw away from the trunk to lower the risk of injuring the stem.

45 SPROUTS Fast-growing, often very upright branch that emerges from the tree trunk Can block site lines creating safety issues Sprouts form weak branch unions.

46 INCLUDED BARK Bark grows in between a branch union which prevents branch from attaching correctly Forms a weak union

47 INCLUDED BARK Included bark view from outside. Included bark view from inside.

48 CO-DOMINANT LEADERS Describes two or more main stems that are about the same diameter and emerge from approximately the same location on the trunk. The closer in size a branch is to the main stem, the more likely it is to fail. Look for leaders that are central to the stem, and straight in nature. Also be aware of leaders that have the best structure with good branch attachments. Suppression cuts

49 CROSSING OR RUBBING BRANCHES Collision or potential collision of two branches Can slough bark and injure the cambial layer of the branch, which makes the branch more prone to decay or disease.

50 GOOD SPACING BETWEEN BRANCHES Vertical space between branches should eventually be 12 inches for fruit or small stature trees, and 18 inches for medium and large stature deciduous trees Without proper spacing, it s more likely that branches will begin to cross or rub.

51 PRUNE DEADWOOD Before After

52 PRUNE DEADWOOD When pruning branches with deadwood and live wood, prune only deadwood and save as much of the live wood as possible. The deadwood on a live branch should always be pruned back to a node.

53 TEMPORARY BRANCHES Trees grow outwards, not upwards, so branches that you see now will remain at the same height until you or a storm remove them. The average is clearance needed is 14.5 feet in height. Pruning is wounding so removing a larger branch leaves a larger wound, so these branches should be removed as early in the trees life as possible.

54 PRUNING BRANCH MATERIAL Branch Bark Ridge Identify branch collar More noticeable on larger branches Branch Collar

55 HOW TO PRUNE BRANCH MATERIAL LESS THAN 1 INCH IN DIAMETER Hand support branch Identify the branch collar Prune sprouts just beyond the branch collar because it makes a smaller wound that does not injure the main stem.

56 HOW TO PRUNE BRANCH MATERIAL 1-2 INCHES IN DIAMETER Hand support the end of branch away from the tree stem to stabilize the branch as you make your cuts. Identify branch collar. Proceed using the Three-cut method. 3rd Cut 2nd Cut 1st Cut

57 THREE-CUT METHOD Three-cut method: 1. Make a shallow cut on the underside of the branch 1 or 2 feet out from the branch union. 2. Make a top cut all the way through the branch slightly farther out than the first cut to leave a short nub. 3. Remove the nub by cutting just outside the branch collar. 3rd Cut 2nd Cut 1st Cut

58 THREE-CUT METHOD

59 REDUCTION CUT Pruning to a node is used when pruning out deadwood or when making a suppression cut, also known as a reduction cut. A reduction cut shortens the stem back to a lateral branch or to a node. Future growth is forced into the unpruned branches.

60 PRUNING TO A NODE

61 POOR PRUNING Bark Ripping Occurs when the three-cut method is not used to remove large branches. Happens when pruning cut is made by starting the cut on the top side of the branch. The branch fails because it doesn t have enough support, causing the bark at the base of the branch to tear.

62 POOR PRUNING Flush Cutting Occurs when a pruning cut is made close to the stem and removes part of the cambium layer, the stem s living tissue. This inhibits the flow of water and nutrients up the stem, and can affect branch development in the canopy and can cause decay.

63 POOR PRUNING Stub Cutting Occurs when a branch is not pruned just outside the branch collar. Takes longer for the tree to grow new wood and bark over the wound.

64 PRUNING IS WOUNDING Trees don t heal The larger the wound the larger potential problem Callus tissue CODIT Pruning wound One year later

65 COMPARTMENTALIZATION OF DECAY IN TREES Process to prevent the spread of decay and disease. Plug up their vascular system to prevent the transport of diseases and decay in the stem. Plugging also prevents the transport of water and nutrients. Some trees species are better at compartmentalizing than others. If pruned correctly, the wound will compartmentalize and new growth will form over the wound quickly.

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67 DATA COLLECTION

68 MEASURING BRUSH

69 THANK YOU Gary Johnson, Dave Hanson and the US Forest Service for the images

70 VALERIE MCCLANNAHAN URBAN AND COMMUNITY FORESTRY VOLUNTEER AND PROGRAM COORDINATOR University of Minnesota Department of Forest Resources

71 CITATIONS Zins, Mark. Deborah Brown. Pruning Trees and Shrubs. University of Minnesota Extension Johnson, Gar y. Benjamin Cooper. Tree Stem Protection. University of Minnesota. -stem-protection/ University of Florida. Cleaning the Canopy Hazard Trees: Danger Overhead. Tree Care Tips. USDA Forest Ser vice. How to: Prune Trees. Nor theastern Area State and Private Forestr y. NA -FR rev screen.pdf Mar x, Harold. Tree Decay: An Expanded Concept. USDA Forest Ser vice. A griculture Information Bulletin Number 419. April University of Minnesota Extension Master Gardener. Pruning. Microsoft Of fice PowerPoint Nor th, Eric. Pruning is Wounding Microsoft Of fice PowerPoint