Customer service! Evaluation of Common Turfgrass Problems. Agronomics, Environmental Influences, & Pest Related Problems
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1 Evaluation of Common Turfgrass Problems Agronomics, Environmental Influences, & Pest Related Problems Clint Waltz, Ph.D. Extension Turfgrass Specialist The University of Georgia Designing, Constructing, & Maintaining Bermudagrass Sports Fields For Sale Publication - Order information Ag. Business Office Room 215, Conner Hall Athens, GA (706) or Customer service! This is a service industry and you want repeat clients that provide referrals. 1
2 Emerald Zoysiagrass Case Study 1 Emerald Zoysiagrass Whose problem? Home owner Purchase from retailer Several growing seasons Don t know producer Landscaper Spray application $ Costly to correct Emerald Zoysiagrass How widespread? Atlanta Observed for several years Retailer, landscaper Producer in Alabama Augusta Spring 2005 Producer in Alabama Emerald zoysiagrass? 2
3 Emerald Zoysiagrass What s going on? Varietal differences Plant collections Known Emerald DNA fingerprint Source Retailer / broker Producer DNA Fingerprint Emerald Zoysiagrass Recourse Certified grass GCIA Identify Georgia Producers Plant sampling E E L L p Re-establish from within lawn Plugs or Sprigs DNA Fingerprint Emerald Zoysiagrass Clade 1 Clade 2 Results Clade 1 Early transition Similar to NTEP Plots Clade 2 Late transition Non-certified Phylogenetic Tree One outlier (C14) 3
4 Mistakes Happen! The question becomes, What can be done to correct and prevent any reoccurrences? Case 2: Turfgrass ID Fertilizer application 4 apps. in apps in 2002 with Pre-M Lawn in 2001 Dormant bermuda? Bermudagrass at all? Customer service! The Site Visit Look for spray patterns? Anything inconsistent with the way your employees are trained? Know what was to be controlled Read the pesticide label? Was it controlled?? Was there turf injury? 4
5 Case 3: Responsibilities New home with new bermudagrass sod Site well prepared Green when laid Died 10 days later Irrigation? Contractor or landscaper? Entire lawn replaced ($$$) Additional Problems Crabgrass germination common in sod seems? Preemergence herbicides? Dinitroanilines? Ronstar Postemergence control Know the grass species Sodded August 22 normal site prep watered Case 3: Pest ID Dormant bermuda? Fall Armyworm Will it come back? yes, fertilizer & time August 29 7 days after sodding Sept days after sodding Sept days after sodding 5
6 Surface Feeding Insects Armyworms - Identification ½ inch long Greenish bodies when young & brown when fully grown Stripes from head to rear Surface Feeding Insects Armyworms - Life Cycle & Biology Pupate in the soil Active at night 3 to 6 generation in Georgia Surface Feeding Insects Armyworms - Damage Signs of chewing damage Turfgrass appears ragged Can devour grass to the ground 6
7 Surface Feeding Insects Armyworms - Control Monitor with Irrigation Technique 1 oz. lemon dish liquid / gallon of water Threshold: 15 / yd 2 Insecticides: Sevin (carbaryl), Tempo (cyfluthrin), Conserve (spinosad), Othene (acephate), Scimitar (lambdacyhalothrin) Surface Feeding Insects Chinch Bugs Adult Identification Small and slender 1/16 to 1/8 inch long Black bodies with white wings triangular black mark Surface Feeding Insects Chinch Bugs Adult Identification 7
8 Surface Feeding Insects Chinch Bugs - Life Cycle & Biology Warm weather pest (inactive in winter) reproduction begins in spring female deposit 300 eggs hatch in 2 weeks nymphal stage 30 days entire life cycle 7 to 8 weeks multiple generation in Georgia Surface Feeding Insects Chinch Bugs - Damage Primarily a pest of St. Augustinegrass Reported on other grass species bermudagrass bahiagrass centipedegrass zoysiagrass Surface Feeding Insects Chinch Bugs - Damage Starts as a dead spot and grows irregular patches of dead stunted grass halo of yellowing increase in size & merge Damage mimics other maladies brown patch circular patterns drought stress 8
9 Surface Feeding Insects Chinch Bugs - Damage Threshold 10 to 15 / ft 2 Florida 20 to 25 / ft 2 Texas coffee can 2 to 5 / sample Resistant Cultivars Floratam Surface Feeding Insects Chinch Bugs Control Management Thatch control protects insect & inhibits insecticide penetration Fertility Proper irrigation practices Monitor with Irrigation Technique Surface Feeding Insects Chinch Bugs Insecticide Control Imidacloprid (Bayer Advanced) 1/8 to 1/4 inch irrigation Pyrethroids Permethrin, cyfluthrin, deltamethrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, bifenthrin, etc. Use lots of water 5 gal / 1000 ft 2 9
10 Surface Feeding Insects Chinch Bugs Insecticide Control Busey, FloridaTurf.com Residual control of the southern chinch bug on St. Augustinegrass Case 4: What to do when the client wants a unsound agronomic practice? On behalf of the turf / plant, the environment, and your reputation, Plead your case! Zoysia takes shade, right? Proper species selection know the microclimate Begins to thin Weedy Bad reputation Industry producer grass 10
11 Recent Questions Too early to sod or seed?? Warm-season grasses? Cool-season grasses Is now a good time to fertilize? Nitrogen Phosphorus & Potassium soil test Timing N Fertilization Warm-season Grasses Soil Temperatures Active root growth & activity 65 F Consistently multiple days 4-inch depth Combination products Fertilization Centipedegrass 11
12 Centipedegrass Decline Mismanagement Fertilization 1 to 2 lbs N / 1000 ft 2 / yr Mowing Height 1 to 1½ inches Prevent Thatch Reduce Irrigation Centipedegrass Decline Possible Causes Fertility 4 pounds N / year Thatch excessive nitrogen over watering Weed invasion bermudagrass spurge UTC 1.0 Centipedegrass Decline lb N NTC 1.0 lb N 1.5-inch May inch 12
13 Centipedegrass Decline Green-up Griffin ( ) Green-up (%) UTC fb fb 1.0 Nitrogen Rate (lbs N / 1000 ft2) fb (4X) Mowing height (in) Sound Agronomic Practices Use as an education opportunity develop fliers, pamphlets, handouts Direct to websites Extension circulars & bulletins Outside opinion County Extension Agent Consultant Golf Course Superintendent St. Augustinegrass Stenotaphrum secundatum 13
14 St. Augustinegrass (Stenotaphrum secundatum) Blue-green Color Deep, Dense Turf Stolons Shade Tolerant Winter Injury Chinch Bugs St. Augustine Decline Virus St. Augustinegrass (Stenotaphrum secundatum) Management Mowing 2 to 3 inches Rotary Mower Fertilization 4 to 5 lbs N / 1000 ft 2 / yr Complete Fertilizer St. Augustinegrass (Stenotaphrum secundatum) Varieties Raleigh - coarse Palmetto - coarse Mercedes - coarse Floratam v. coarse Others Fine texture dwarf 14
15 St. Augustinegrass (Stenotaphrum secundatum) Pests Weeds Broadleaf weeds Grassy weeds Insects Chinch bugs Sod Webworms Bermudagrass in St. Augustinegrass St. Augustinegrass (Stenotaphrum secundatum) Pests Diseases Gray Leaf Spot Brown Patch Take-all Patch Brown Patch in St. Augustinegrass Take-all Root Rot (Gaeumannomyces graminis var. graminis) Hosts St. Augustinegrass other WS grasses ETRI fungi Poorly understood Same location from year to year Diagnosed from 40 counties in Florida No resistant St. Augustinegrass varieties 15
16 Take-all Root Rot Symptoms Summer & Fall - periods of abundant rainfall Chlorotic, thinning turf Irregular patches Short rotted roots easily lifts from the ground New & established lawns Take-all Root Rot Favorable Conditions Warm to hot temps. (77 to 90 F) Soils poorly drained alkaline unbalanced fertility low organic matter excessive thatch Take-all Root Rot Spread New shoots & roots mycelium on roots & stolons Sod & plugs 16
17 Take-all Root Rot Control Cultural practices Aerification reduce thatch Soil ph Potassium N to K ratio (1:2) Micronutrient availability Mn Acidifying fertilizers Avoid late-season fertility Topdress with sand & peat moss Take-all Root Rot Control Chemical Control DMI fungicides triadimefon, fenarimol, propiconazole Strobilurins azoxystrobin Benzimidazoles thiophanate methyl Upwardly mobile High spray volume 80 to 90 gal. / acre Apply in spring & late fall Take-all Root Rot Control Other thoughts MnSO4 2-pounds / 1000 ft 2 Soil test report was low for Mn 17
18 Case 5: Bad Sod New Construction Completed in winter Overseeded bermuda competition spring transition Who s responsible? obvious market? Bad sod Mistakes Happen! The question becomes, What can be done to correct and prevent any reoccurrences? How to rectify? Make contact Send an effective communicator NO PROFANITY Attitude intent to work-out amicably Mistakes happen Review & provide all records client feels they should know what you did 18
19 How to rectify? Stand behind guarantees and warranties provide to customer in writing be explicit? biological organism Do the right thing Use as a training opportunity Important Dates in 2007 Southeastern Turf Conference Tifton- May 7 & 8 North Georgia Turfgrass Field Day Gainesville - June 7 Turfgrass Management Short Course Athens Nov Turfgrass Institute Duluth December 5 & 6 Thank You Visit and 19
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