International Journal of Experimental Agriculture

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1 Reprint ISSN (Web Version) International Journal of Experimental Agriculture (Int. J. Expt. Agric.) Volume: 5 Issue: 2 March 2015 Int. J. Expt. Agric. 5(2): 1-4 (March 2015) EFFICACY OF FOLIAR FUNGICIDES IN CONTROLLING POST HARVEST ANTHRACNOSE OF MANGO M.M. HOSSAIN, M.S. UDDIN, M.S. ISLAM, M.S. KABIR AND M.Z. ISLAM An International Scientific Research Publisher Green Global Foundation Web address: archive s: editor@ggfjournals.com and editor.int.correspondence@ggfjournals.com

2 ISSN (Online) Int. J. Expt. Agric. 5(2):1-4(March 2015) EFFICACY OF FOLIAR FUNGICIDES IN CONTROLLING POST HARVEST ANTHRACNOSE OF MANGO M.M. HOSSAIN 1*, M.S. UDDIN 1, M.S. ISLAM 2, M.S. KABIR 3 AND M.Z. ISLAM 4 1 Senior Scientific Officer and 2 Chief Scientific Officer (Ad.C.), Regional Horticulture Research Station, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Chapai Nawabganj-6300; 3 Assistant Manager (Argil.), BMDA, Chapai Nawabganj; 4 Training Officer, Horticulture Centre, Chapai Nawabganj. *Corresponding author & address: Md. Mosharraf Hossain, moshrhrs75@yahoo.com Accepted for publication on 5 March 2015 ABSTRACT Hossain MM, Uddin MS, Islam MS, Kabir MS, Islam MZ (2015) Efficacy of foliar fungicides in controlling post harvest anthracnose of mango. Int. J. Expt. Agric. 5(2), 1-4. A field trial was conducted at the Regional Horticulture Research Station, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Chapai Nawabganj, Bangladesh during February to July 2013, to test the efficacy of 23 new foliar fungicides against post-harvest anthracnose of mango. None of the fungicides under investigation was able to control the disease completely. Out of 23 fungicides Sun Fiter (Hexaconazole + Tricyclazole), Cymoxil 72 WP (Cymoxanil + Mancozeb) and Shabab 10 EC (Hexaconazole) were the most effective fungicides to control postharvest anthracnose of mango. Among the fungicides only four fungicides i.e. Oboni 75 WP (Tricyclazole), Mexazole 5 EC (Hexaconazole), Enster 5 EC (Hexaconazole) and Samriddhi (Mancozeb) were not able to control more than 80% of the disease. Other fungicides were able to control more than 80% of the disease. Shabab 10 EC (Hexaconazole), Dizim Plus 50 WP (Iprodione + Carbendazim), Iprodazim Plus (Iprodione + Carbendazim) were the better fungicides to control of mango blackening fruit surface followed by Adbhazim 50 WP (Carbendazim), Harizim 50 WP (Carbendazim), Ranzole EC (Azoxystrobin + Dificonazole), Icozeb 80 WP (Mancozeb), Two- in one 250 SC (Hexaconazole + Tricyclazole). Key words: efficacy, fungicides, controlling, post harvest, anthracnose, mango INTRODUCTION Mango (Mangifera indica L.) occupies a prominent place among the fruit crops grown in Bangladesh. It is relished by people of all the ages because of its luscious taste and captivating flavour. The out break of different mango diseases and insect pests reduce yield of mango (Uddin et al. 2012). The productivity of mango is severely affected by various diseases. Among the diseases, Anthracnose (Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Penz.) is the most serious post-harvest disease of mango (Fitzell and Peak, 1984). Prusky (1991) noted that it is the major limiting factor for mango production. The disease is particularly severe in young leaves, inflorescence and developing fruits. It can damage leaves and flowers and also cause quiescent infection in growing fruits which develop symptom on ripening fruits in the post harvest period (Muirhead and Grattidge, 1986; Dodd et al. 1989). Stem-end rot caused by Lasiodiplodia theobromae (Pat.) is the next serious post-harvest disease to anthracnose. Singh and Chaundawat (1991) reported that these diseases can cause 25 to 30% loss in mango fruits. Quroshi and Meah (1991) reported up to 15% loss in harvested mangoes due to stem-end rot infection. Pre-harvest spray of fungicides is an important factor for reduction of post-harvest diseases of mango. Splanding (1982) reported that Mancozeb, Chlorothalonil and Ferbam were effective as field spray against mango anthracnose in Florida. According to Quimio and Quimio (1974) Field spray of Mancozeb (Dithane M-45) and Copper were found effective in controlling anthracnose. The lowest incidence and severity of anthracnose in mango fruits sprayed with Carbendazim (Bavistin) at the rate of 0.1% at pre-harvest stage (Mortuza et al. 2000), while Ahmed et al. (1991) reported Dithane M-45 as the best fungicide to control the disease. Mortuza et al. (2003) reported that pre-harvest spray of Mancozeb at the rate of 3 g/litre completely prevented post-harvest anthracnose development in mango fruits up to 15 days after harvest. Reports on the effect of foliar application of fungicides on post-harvest diseases in Bangladesh conditions are still very scanty. Therefore, an attempt was made to investigate the efficacy of some new foliar fungicides against the post-harvest disease particularly anthracnose of mango fruits. MATERIALS AND METHODS A field trial was conducted at the Regional Horticulture Research Station, BARI, Chapai Nawabganj, Bangladesh to evaluate the performance of some new foliar fungicides by pre-harvest spray against the post-harvest anthracnose disease of mango. The experiment was conducted during February to July The variety was BARI mango-3. The initial spray was conducted when the inflorescence size was cm long. In order to prevent flower damage by insect pests, Ripcord 10 EC 1 ml/litre was mixed with all the fungicides in the first spray. The spray was continued up to the harvest of the fruit at 15 days interval. 23 new fungicides from different groups were included to test the efficacy against post-harvest disease of mango. Details of the fungicides including their doses are shown in Table 1. Pencozeb 80 WP (Mancozeb) was included as the standard check fungicide. Fungicides were evaluated as their ability to prevent post-harvest anthracnose development which causes severe rot in mango fruits. At every spray schedule, control plants were sprayed with water. Fungicidal spray was stopped at 15 days before harvest of fruits. Randomly selected 30 fruits were harvested at full maturity from each treatment. Harvested treated fruits along with the untreated control were allowed to ripe in natural condition at room temperature ( C). The development of anthracnose on the harvested fruit was recorded 10 days after harvest following a standard severity scale (0-5) developed by Bondad et al. (1980). Percent disease index (PDI) was measured from percent fruit area Copyright 2015 Green Global Foundation 1

3 Hossain et al. covered by the disease in both anthracnose and blackening. To evaluate the effectiveness of the chemicals, the severity of diseases was measured by calculating the percent disease index (PDI) according to the formula of Singh (1984). Total sum of rating PDI = X 100 Total number of fruits graded X Maximum rating value The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. All the collected data were analyzed using MSTAT-C program. Means were compared by Duncan s Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at 1% level of significance. Table 1. List of the fungicides used in the investigation with trade name, group and doses Trade name of fungicides Common name/group name Dose/liter Fasal Hexa 5 EC Hexaconazole 0.5 ml Shabab 10 EC Hexaconazole 0.5 ml Ranzole EC Azoxystrobin + Dificonazole 0.5ml Dizim Plus 50 WP Iprodione + Carbendazim 2.0 g E.G. Zole 5 EC Hexaconazole 1.0 ml Adhezol Plus Hexaconazole + Tricyclazole 1.0 ml Iprodazim Plus Iprodazim + Carbendazim 2 gm Harizim 50 WP Carbendazim 2 gm Consor 10 EC Hexaconazole 1.0 ml Oboni 75 WP Tricyclazole 2.0 g Sun Fiter Hexaconazole + Tricyclazole 0.5 ml Adbhazim 50 WP Carbendazim 2 gm Icozeb 80 WP Mancozeb 2 gm Cymoxil 72 WP Cymoxanil + Mancozeb 2 gm Two- in one 250 SC Hexaconazole + Tricyclazole 0.5 ml Max 80 WP Mancozeb 2 gm Maxazole 5 EC Hexaconazole 1 ml Dizol Plus Propiconazole + Dificonazole 0.5 ml Enster 5 EC Hexaconazole 1 ml Ensure 80 WP Mancozeb 0.5 ml Samriddhi 80 WP Mancozeb 2 gm Fuzi 300 EC Dificonazole + Propiconazole 0.5 ml Amister top 325 SC Azoxystrobin + Dificonazole 1 ml Pencozeb 80 WP (Check) Mancozeb 2 gm Control - RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Pre-harvest fungicidal spray had significant effect on anthracnose development in harvested mango fruits. All the fungicides included in this investigation reduced both the incidence and severity of anthracnose at different levels but none of them was able to protect mangoes completely from the disease (Table 2). The lowest (14.28%) disease incidence was recorded in mango fruits harvested from the plants sprayed with E.G. Zole 5 EC, Harizim 50 WP and Max 80 WP followed by Adhezole Olus (19.04%), Consor 10 EC (19.04%), Adbhazim 50 WP (19.04%), Dizol Plus(19.04%). Other fungicides showed minimum effect in controlling the incidence of the disease. In case of severity, the lowest (9.52%) severity as well as the highest disease control (89.37%) was recorded in fruits sprayed with Sun Fiter (Hexaconazole + Tricyclazole), Cymoxil 72 WP (Cymoxanil + Mancozeb) and Shabab 10 EC (Hexaconazole) where as the highest severity (40.95%) as well as lowest disease control (54.26 %) was recorded in fruits sprayed with Enster 5 EC (Hexaconazole) followed by Samriddhi 80 WP (37.14% & 58.52%), Mexazole 5EC (36.19% & 59.58%) and Oboni 75 WP (24.76% & 72.34% ). Other fungicides were effective to control the severity of the disease. The highest incidence as well as the severity of the disease was always noted in fruits harvested from unsprayed control plants. There were six fungicides under Hexaconazole group. Two of them were not effective against the disease. Similarly only two fungicides were included under Dificonazole + Propiconazole group. All of them were effective against the disease. There were four fungicides under Mancozeb group. One of them was not effective against the disease. There were two fungicides under Carbendazim group. All of them were effective against the disease. Only one fungicide was included under Iprodione + Carbendazim, Iprodazim + Carbendazim, Cymoxanil + Mancozeb, Tricyclazole group which was effective against the disease. There were three fungicides under Hexaconazole + Tricyclazole group that were effective against anthracnose. There were two fungicides under Azoxystrobin + Dificonazole group that were effective against anthracnose. Fungicides under same group showed differential efficacy to control the post-harvest anthracnose of mango fruits. The probable cause might be the amount of ingredient used in each fungicide during formulation. 2

4 Efficacy of foliar fungicides in controlling post harvest anthracnose of mango Fungicides showed marked effect on the development of blackening (Table 3). All the fungicides significantly reduced blackening. Mango fruits sprayed with Shabab 10 EC, Dizim Plus 50 WP and Iprodazim Plus effectively controlled (90.59%) blackening developed on fruit surface which was followed by Adbhazim 50 WP (86.03%), Harizim 50 WP (84.86%), Ranzole EC (84.86%), Icozeb 80 WP (84.86%),Two- in one 250 SC (84.86%). The treated fruits were almost clean at the time of harvest. The other chemicals were less effective (Table 3). Table 2. Incidence, severity and control of anthracnose in mango fruits as affected by foliar fungicidal spray Name of Fungicide Incidence (%) Severity (PDI) % Disease Reduction Fasal Hexa 5 EC g fg Shabab 10 EC e 9.52 i Ranzole EC h ef Dizim Plus 50 WP f gh E.G. Zole 5 EC j e Adhezol Plus i ef Iprodazim Plus f gh Harizim 50 WP j gh Consor 10 EC i gh Oboni 75 WP c d Sun Fiter g 9.52 i Adbhazim 50 WP i hi Icozeb 80 WP h fg Cymoxil 72 WP f 9.52 i Two- in one 250 SC h ef Max 80 WP j e Maxazole 5 EC d c Dizol Plus i ef Enster 5 EC b b Ensure 80 WP f ef Samriddhi 80 WP c c Fuzi 300 EC e ef Amister top 325 SC g fg Pencozeb 80 WP (Check) f e Control 95.24a a - Disease incidence and Severity was recorded at 7 days after harvest Figures followed by the same letter(s) in a column do not differ significantly (P = 0.01) by DMRT Table 3. Incidence, Severity and control of Blackening in mango fruits as affected by foliar fungicidal spray Name of Fungicide Incidence (%) Severity (PDI) % Disease Reduction Fasal Hexa 5 EC f c Shabab 10 EC i 7.64 j Ranzole EC h h Dizim Plus 50 WP i 7.64 j E.G. Zole 5 EC f b Adhezol Plus h f Iprodazim Plus h 7.64 j Harizim 50 WP h h Consor 10 EC e f Oboni 75 WP e b Sun Fiter e c Adbhazim 50 WP d i Icozeb 80 WP g h Cymoxil 72 WP g g Two- in one 250 SC i h Max 80 WP c c Maxazole 5 EC c b Dizol Plus c c Enster 5 EC b b Ensure 80 WP c e Samriddhi 80 WP b b Fuzi 300 EC b c Amister top 325 SC c d Pencozeb 80 WP (Check) c f Control 100 a a - Disease incidence and Severity was recorded just after harvest of mango Figures followed by the same letter(s) in a column do not differ significantly (P=0.01) by DMRT 3

5 Hossain et al. CONCLUSION It may be concluded from this study that Fasal Hexa 5 EC, Shabab 10 EC, Ranzole EC, Dizim Plus 50 WP, E.G. Zole 5 EC, Adhezol Plus, Iprodazim Plus, Harizim 50 WP, Consor 10 EC, Sun Fiter, Adbhazim 50 WP, Icozeb 80 WP, Cymoxil 72 WP, Two- in one 250 SC, Max 80 WP, Dizol Plus, Ensure 80 WP, Fuzi 300 EC, Amister top 325 SC may be considered for recommendation for the control of mango anthracnose as the fungicides were able to control more than 80% of the disease which was similar to standard check Pencozeb. On the other hand Shabab 10 EC, Dizim Plus 50 WP, Iprodazim Plus Adbhazim 50 WP, Harizim 50 WP, Ranzole EC, Icozeb 80 WP, Two- in one 250 may be considered for recommendation for the control of mango blackening. REFERENCES Ahmed HU, Hossain MM, Alam SMK, Haq MI, Hossain M (1991) Efficacy of different fungicides in controlling anthracnose and sooty mould of mango. Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 16(1), Bondad ND, Cabauatan RM, Laude SS, Mercado EL, Operio ECN, Sarabia AS, Tolentino EP (1980) Aspects of mango flowering and fruiting. Department of Horticulture, UPLB, Laguna, Philippines. 186p. Dodd JC, Jeffries P, Jeder MJ (1989) Management strategies to control of latent infection in tropical fruit. Aspects of Applied Biology. 20, Fitzel RD, Peak CM (1984) The epidemiology of anthracnose of mango: inoculum sources, spore production and dispersal. Ann.App.Biol. 104, Mortuza MG, Islam MS, Alam SMK (2003) Efficacy of fungicides to control postharvest anthracnose and stem-end rot of mango. Bangladesh J. Plant Pathol. 19(1&2), Mortuza MG, Reza MMA, Kader KA, Iqbal SM (2000) Effect of preharvest fungicidal spray on postharvest disease control in mango. Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 25(4), Muirhead IF, Grattidge R (1986) Mango Diseases. In: Proceedings of the CSIRO. 1 st Australian Mango Research Workshop Cairns, pp CSIRO. Prusky D (1991) Mango Diseases: An overview. Acta Hort. 291, Quimio AJ, Quimio TH (1974) Postharvest control of Philipine mango anthracnose by benomyl. Philipine Agriculturist, 58, Quroshi SU, Meah MB (1991) Postharvest loss in mango owing to stem-end rot. Int. J. of Trop. Agric. 9(2), Singh DB, Chundawat BS (1991) Postharvest treatments of ripening changes and quality of mango fruits cv. Kesar and Amrapali. Acta. Hort. 291, Singh RS (1984) Introduction to Principles of Plant Pathology. Third Edition Oxford & IBH publishing Co. 66 J. Path., New Delhi p. Splanding DH (1982) Resistance of Mango pathogens to fungicides used to control postharvest diseases. Plant Disease 66, Uddin MS, Feng JX, He XH, Sun WL, Cheng Q (2012) Gummosis disease of mango and its control. Chinese Forestry and Science and Technology. 11(4),