Blueberry Disease Update University of Georgia, Athens, GA

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1 Blueberry Disease Update 2017 P.M. BRANNEN University of Georgia, Athens, GA

2 Blueberry Disease Management Strategy with Exobasidium and Fungicide-Resistant Anthracnose LD Green Tip Bloom PF (mummy berry, Botrytis, rots twig blight, Exobasidium) Cover sprays Exobasidium) Preharvest leaf spots) Hedging (leaf spots and Bot) Postharvest (leaf spots) a DMIs include Indar, Orbit/Tilt/generics, Quash, and Proline. Elevate can be added for additional Botrytis management, if resistance is not an issue. b Phosponates include materials such as ProPhyt, K-phite, etc.

3 R = resistant S = sensitive

4 Principles of Resistance Management Alternating sprays with fungicides from different classes (different modes of action) is an important means of resistance management. Tank-mixing of different fungicides is also an acceptable method of resistance management, and both methods are employed. Many fungicides are limited to a set number of applications per year in order to improve their long-term survival. Follow the label recommendations.

5 Exobasidium leaf and fruit spot (Exobasidium maculosum) A once-rare/insignificant problem, now common in the Southeast Identified as a fungal disease in NC in 1997 Initially reported in 2008 for Georgia Species named in 2014

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8 In 2016 trials, Lime Sulfur Ultra provided the same control as Sulforix when applied late-dormant. Both were applied at 2 gallons per acre rates. Data is limited to 2016 trials, and disease pressure was not high in any trial.

9 Childers et al., MSU

10 Blueberry Disease Management Strategy with Exobasidium and Fungicide-Resistant Anthracnose LD Green Tip Bloom PF (mummy berry, Botrytis, rots twig blight, Exobasidium) Cover sprays Exobasidium) Preharvest leaf spots) Hedging (leaf spots and Bot) Postharvest (leaf spots) a DMIs include Indar, Orbit/Tilt/generics, Quash, and Proline. Elevate can be added for additional Botrytis management, if resistance is not an issue. b Phosponates include materials such as ProPhyt, K-phite, etc.

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12 Blueberry Disease Management Strategy with Exobasidium and Fungicide-Resistant Anthracnose LD Green Tip Bloom PF (mummy berry, Botrytis, rots twig blight, Exobasidium) Cover sprays Exobasidium) Preharvest leaf spots) Hedging (leaf spots and Bot) Postharvest (leaf spots) a DMIs include Indar, Orbit/Tilt/generics, Quash, and Proline. Elevate can be added for additional Botrytis management, if resistance is not an issue. b Phosponates include materials such as ProPhyt, K-phite, etc.

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15 Blueberry Disease Management Strategy with Exobasidium and Fungicide-Resistant Anthracnose LD Green Tip Bloom PF (mummy berry, Botrytis, rots twig blight, Exobasidium) Cover sprays Exobasidium) Preharvest leaf spots) Hedging (leaf spots and Bot) Postharvest (leaf spots) a DMIs include Indar, Orbit/Tilt/generics, Quash, and Proline. Elevate can be added for additional Botrytis management, if resistance is not an issue. b Phosponates include materials such as ProPhyt, K-phite, etc.

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17 Blueberry Disease Management Strategy with Exobasidium and Fungicide-Resistant Anthracnose LD Green Tip Bloom PF (mummy berry, Botrytis, rots twig blight, Exobasidium) Cover sprays Exobasidium) Preharvest leaf spots) Hedging (leaf spots and Bot) Postharvest (leaf spots) a DMIs include Indar, Orbit/Tilt/generics, Quash, and Proline. Elevate can be added for additional Botrytis management, if resistance is not an issue. b Phosponates include materials such as ProPhyt, K-phite, etc.

18 Exobasidium Trial (2015) - Alma, GA - Untreated control a Sulforix b Sulforix + Indar + Captan c Sulforix + Indar + Captan, Captan (post bloom) Sulforix + Indar + Captan, 2x Captan (post bloom) Sulforix + Indar + Captan, 3x Captan (post bloom) Sulforix + Indar + Captan, Sulforix (post bloom) Sulforix + Indar + Captan, 2x Sulforix (post bloom) Sulforix + Indar + Captan, 3x Sulforix (post bloom) c c c c c c INCIDENCE (% INFECTED LEAVES)

19 Blueberry Disease Management Strategy with Exobasidium and Fungicide-Resistant Anthracnose LD Green Tip Bloom PF (mummy berry, Botrytis, rots twig blight, Exobasidium) Cover sprays Exobasidium) Preharvest leaf spots) Hedging (leaf spots and Bot) Postharvest (leaf spots) a DMIs include Indar, Orbit/Tilt/generics, Quash, and Proline. Elevate can be added for additional Botrytis management, if resistance is not an issue. b Phosponates include materials such as ProPhyt, K-phite, etc.

20 Alternaria tenuissima Colletotrichum spp. Phomopsis vaccinii Botrytis cinerea Aureobasidium pullulans

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22 Blueberry Disease Management Strategy with Exobasidium and Fungicide-Resistant Anthracnose LD Green Tip Bloom PF (mummy berry, Botrytis, rots twig blight, Exobasidium) Cover sprays Exobasidium) Preharvest leaf spots) Hedging (leaf spots and Bot) Postharvest (leaf spots) a DMIs include Indar, Orbit/Tilt/generics, Quash, and Proline. Elevate can be added for additional Botrytis management, if resistance is not an issue. b Phosponates include materials such as ProPhyt, K-phite, etc.

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26 Results: Appling County 11 June 15, 2016 June 3, Proline E 10 Proline 480SC E 9 Quilt Xcel D,E 9 Quilt Xcel D,E 8 Quash C,D,E 8 Quash D,E Treatment Aprovia Orbit Abound Indar 2F C,D C,D B,C B Treatment Aprovia Abound Orbit Indar 2F D,E C,D B,C,D B,C,D 3 Abound Pre-harvest/ Bravo WeatherStik B 3 Pristine A,B,C 2 Pristine B 2 Abound, Pre-harvest/ Bravo WeatherStik, Post Harvest A,B 1 Untreated Control A 1 Untreated Control A arcsinsqrt(%severity) %Incidence % Disease Severity (Control) Mean =18.8%; Range= 0 70%

27 Fungicide Efficacy for Control of Blueberry Rust Class DMI Trade Name Proline 480SC Chemical Rate (oz[fluid or dry]/acre) PHI (days) Rust Control (Severity) Rust Control (Incidence) prothioconazole 41% 5.7 (169 ml) 7 Excellent Excellent DMI Orbit propioconazole 41.8% 6.0 (177 ml) 30 Good Good DMI Quash metconazole 50% 2.5 (71 g) 7 Very Good Very Good DMI Indar fenbuconazole 23.75% 6.0 (177 ml) 30 Good Good SDHI Aprovia benzovindiflupyr 10.27% 13.5 (400 ml) 365 Very Good Very Good QoI, Strobilurin Abound azoxystrobin 22.9% 15.5 (458 ml) 0 Good Good DMI + Strobilurin SDHI + Strobilurin Strobilurin + Mixed Mode Quilt Xcel Pristine Abound / Bravo azoxystrobin 13.5 % + propioconazole 11.7% boscalid 25.2% + pyraclostrobin 12.8 % Pre-harvest azoxystrobin/ Post- harvest chlorothanil 21.0 (621 ml) 30 Very Good Very Good 23.0 (647 g) 0 Fair Fair 15.5 (458 ml)/ 64 (1064 ml) 0 Variable Good Ingram et al. 2016

28 Blueberry Disease Management Strategy with Exobasidium and Fungicide-Resistant Anthracnose LD Green Tip Bloom PF (mummy berry, Botrytis, rots twig blight, Exobasidium) Cover sprays Exobasidium) Preharvest leaf spots) Hedging (leaf spots and Bot) Postharvest (leaf spots) a DMIs include Indar, Orbit/Tilt/generics, Quash, and Proline. Elevate can be added for additional Botrytis management, if resistance is not an issue. b Phosponates include materials such as ProPhyt, K-phite, etc.

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