Complexity of the Floral Pattern in Ventilation Panel of Malay Architecture in Kelantan and Terengganu

Transcription

1 Complexity of the Floral Pattern in Ventilation Panel of Malay Architecture in Kelantan and Terengganu Nursuriani bt Shaffee (MB093046) Master Candidate, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia

2 woodcarving study - involved people-environment relationship. Not only known as the oldest decoration art but there are cultural values embedded it in. Lead towards disappearance and discontinued tradition if there is no artwork knowledge concerning on its origin. Represented the social status (Sultans, aristocrats, wealthy people) had the privileged to own it. Physical function - to suit hot humid tropical climate (ventilation and insulation) Served visual aesthetics and ventilation purposes. Created based on the level of creativity, artistry, sensibility and technical. Introduction

3 The original key motifs of Malay woodcarving Key motifs in Malay woodcarving can be traced back to Hindu-Buddhist origins. These motifs comprises a symbolic meanings in their original Hindu-Buddhist contexts, which have passed down to the present. Pre Islam Post Islam (Pre 14 th Century) (Post 14 th Century) Kala Dewa Kala Tuhan Punca Bunga Ukir Kala Makara Sulur Bayu Mount Meru Kepala Stupa Buah Buton Pohon Beringin Pohon Budi Padma / Teratai Bunga Tunjung Makara Naga Discourage in usage Makara Garuda / Jentayu Petala Indera / Gagak Sura Gunungan Mount Meru Lotus Bunga Tunjung Bunga Buton Stupa Naga Garuda Introduction

4 Trend of floral motif before and after the arrival of Islam 1 st Century - 6 th Century Carving component represented Kala and Makara motifs regarded on Hindu- Buddhism mythology. (Norhaiza,2001) Around 6 th Century Malay motif of Langkasuka Kelopak Dewa or god-like leaf. Comprises the motif influence from Ayuthaya government of Siam, and also Majapahit, Javanese. Early 14 th Century Kala and Makara were embedded into flower and foliage form on carved component. 16 th Century Malay motif of Old Flower. Transformation from Langkasuka motif into Kelopak Maya. Since after the arrival of Islam into Kelantan and Terengganu by China or India traders. 18 th Century Malay Motif of Daun Hidup introduced by craftsmen from Pattani and Kelantan by, the usage of florral motif of Daun Kangkung or Pucuk Kacang Introduction

5 The rising movement on demand for preserving nation s cultural heritage especially Malay decorative arts. In a local perspective the strategy of re-introducing and transferring the knowledge were silently became a trigger in the discontinued of this tradition. Results: Increase the craftsmanship industry into local and abroad. However : leads to activities of borrowing or duplicating foreign idea without concerning on its origin existence. Societies lacked in artwork knowledge by accepting the decoration without well understood by them. Problem Statement

6 Little work done to document and search on the changes of floral design pattern from early practice. Combination of scientific and visual analysis method (Point Pattern Analysis (PPA) and visual analysis) which none is done to integrate whole components (floral element character +pattern analysis +analytical review ); the multidisciplinary approach was proposed to achieve the aim of the study. Lack of detail research pertaining to roles of complexity carving in design qualities. There is not much is known about the factors that influence the changes/ trends of floral pattern. Research Gap

7 To investigate the changes in floral pattern on ventilation panels of Malay architecture in Kelantan and Terengganu. Aim of Research

8 1. To identify the trends in complexity of carvings of floral pattern on ventilation panels. 2. To discover the effectiveness of point pattern analysis (PPA) as scientific-learning methodology on two-dimension pictorial data of carvings; and 3. To study the connection of visual pattern analysis and visual descriptive analysis on the physical form. Research Objectives

9 Therefore, floral motifs and pattern have signifying the role and function of the long existed physical design element in Malay woodcarving. The change of it motifs and the pattern may significantly affects the different period, types of building and social culture. 1. What are the changes of floral pattern design from 1840s to 2007s? 2. How to identify trend of complexity pattern from 1840s to 2007s? 3. What are the factors that influence the change and complexity of floral pattern on carved components of Malay architecture in Kelantan and Terengganu? Research Questions

10 Parameters of the study are classified into six determinants that are subordinated into parameters and dimensions as follows: Parameters Dimensions Carved Component 1. Location: Wall ventilation panels (Continuous Horizontal), Wall ventilation panel (Square Rectangular), Window Ventilation Panel and Door Ventilation Panel. 2. Measured: Quantity of points, Quantity of quadrants and Quadrant size (PPA). Floral Motif/Pattern 1. Design Characters: Types of Floral motifs, Floral patterns, Incision and Perforation, Design elements, Design principles and Design Form. 2. Design Attributes: Floral design elements, Types of flowers, Types of leaves, Element design character, Character of Complexity. Period of Built 1.Year of Built: Pre- arrival of Islam and Post- arrival of Islam. 2.Types of Buildings: Old Palace, Mosque, Houses and Resort. 3.Status of owners: Royal patronage, Aristocrats, and norm people. Research Parameters

11 Two states in East Coast of Peninsular Malaysia The location of selected traditional Malay vernacular architecture for data collection. 16 Panels by each State. n= 32. Data Collection

12 Ismail Said s Residence. Step 1 Images of single rectangular located on the above door was captured in parallel position. Step 2 Then, the image was edited to focus/get the carving area. Step 3 The raw image was digitized using AutoCAD to produce 2D pictorial data. Step 4 The 2D digitized image, were transform into single line to utilise the point pattern analysis PPA. Step 5 Point Pattern produced by intersection between single line and quadrant grid (50mmx50mm) to produce VTMR value. Step 6 VTMR value was compared to the carving pattern to identify the design element that justify the complexity. Process of Retrieving Carving Data

13 Ventilation Panels 32 Carved Components Kelantan (n=16) Terengganu (n=16) Data Collection

14 Visual Pattern Analysis Point Pattern Analysis The VTMR value can be produced by using the calculation formula from Quadrant Count Method. Step 1: Original 2D pictorial data of ventilation panels of Istana Jahar. Step 1: Mean value can be calculated as above. Step 2: Transformation pictorial data of ventilation panel into single CAD line 50mm x 50mm Step 2: Let xi be the frequency of points in each quadrant. Then the Variance can be calculated. Step 3: Point Pattern produced by intersection between single line and quadrant grid Step 4: Calculate the mean, variance and VTMR of point in the sample using mathematical formula Step 3: Variance to Mean Ratio (VTMR) is calculated above. Research Method

15 Histogram of VTMR value for 32 sets of carved commponents Histogram Frequency to Era of 16 set of VTMR data sets for Kelantan. Histogram Complexity to Era of 16 set of VTMR data sets for Terengganu. Research Method

16 Visual Analysis Interpretive Pictorial Data Visual Description of Jahar old palace Visual pattern analysis and visual description of Tengku Long Palace Research Method

17 Parameter Carved Component Design Attributes KELANTAN N=16 TERENGGANU N=16 Wall Panel (CH) Wall Panel (SR) Window Panel Door Panel Wall Panel (CH) Wall Panel (SR) Window Panel Door Panel Highest VTMR Result between two panels. Old Palaces (Jahar ) Mosques (Langgar) House (Wan Hussein) Contemporary House (Ismail Said) Door Wall Wall Door Old Palaces (Tengku Long) Mosques (Kg. Hiliran) House (Tok Ku Paloh) Contemporary Building (Seri Bakawali) Door Wall Wall Door Character of Complexity Combination of pattern Asymmetrical pattern Design pattern in 3 layers Many of design character Consist 80% of element Modification in design Consist fixed configuration Design pattern in 3 layers Complexity Pattern High quality in complex pattern. 4/16 Higher quality in complex pattern. 4/16 Results

18 There are fluctuation changes and inconsistent in the trend of complexity carving from the 1840s to 2007s in Kelantan and Terengganu. The carved ventilation panels in Terengganu s architecture are comprise the most complex pattern compared to carved components in Kelantan s architecture. There are five similarities of design attributes - principles of pattern design. The differences - placement of the carved components, types of flower motifs, types of leaves and the character of complexity of design floral pattern. Two parameters are needed to utilize the value of Variance-to-Mean-Ratio (VTMR) which are; (i) number of points and (iii) number of quadrants. The influence factors of complexity pattern are due to the i) period of carvings, (ii) status of ownership, (iii) skills of craftsmen and (iv) placement of carved components. Research Findings

19 Contribute to the literature on Malay motifs and design pattern of carved ventilation panels. Fill the gap as a new knowledge/finding by introducing a new technique analysis using scientific method (multidisciplinary approach). Contribute in developing the discourse on ornament of architecture introduce guidelines and sustain the origin. Benefits societies, researchers, craftsmen, architects who pursuing the study of Malay woodcarving - understanding the languages of design attributes and to be utilized as a future reference. Research Implication and Significance

20 THANK YOU