Gregory A. Wolfe Lighting / Electrical

Transcription

1 Executive Summary: This report was created to study the existing lighting system present in the Westwood Community Church. Specifically, the purpose of this report is to analyze luminaire choice, power densities, design criteria, and the overall lighting scheme currently present in various spaces of the. I personally chose five distinct spaces to analyze: the open plan office on the top floor, the large worship space on the main floor, the gathering space just inside the main entrance, the boardroom/prayer room on the main floor, and the lighting of the front façade and East walkway. Significant use was made of the IESNA Lighting Handbook and ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 90.1 was used to calculate power densities throughout the building. Computer renderings were made using AGI-32 and all photographs, drawings and specifications were provided by Hammel, Green, and Abrahamson, Inc. Upon reviewing the five spaces, occasionally some design criteria went neglected. Power densities were all under the allowable, with the exception of the boardroom/prayer room on the main floor. The only constant issue that was noticed while completing this study was the lack of luminaire variety. Indirects and wallwashers could have been used throughout the building to create a more lively, comforting atmosphere. Analysis of each room is completed in the following order: First, each room is depicted in plan form or photograph. Then, the existing luminaries in the room are listed and described. Following that is a summary of various background information regarding the space (overall lighting scheme, space functions, materials and furnishings used, daylighting). After the summary, there are power density calculations and a run-down of basic design criteria. Finally, a brief critique of the lighting plan is provided. This report, while lengthy, is a far cry from complete. Much more information could have been added to this report, but for brevity s sake this report is condensed. In addition, this report does not represent a complete gathering of knowledge on the existing lighting conditions of the building. Full knowledge of the lighting system requires a lot more time and analysis. However, given that, the information provided here is accurate and correct to the best of my current knowledge.

2 Open Office Plan Room Dimensions: 3265 Square Feet x with 13 3 x room cutout and x 45 7 room input Luminaires: Description 2x4 Recessed Parabolic Troffer Drawing Label PF1 Manufacturer H.E Williams Lamp Title HE3G-D S-S-EB2/2-277 Housing Semi-specular silver aluminum shielding Lamp Type 3 lamps, F32T8 Color Temp 830K Total Power 92 Watts Lamp efficiency 77.1% Spacing Criteria 1.6 across, 1.2 along Ballast Instant start, class P Advance #REL-3P32-TP

3 Description - 2x2 Recessed Parabolic Troffer Drawing Label PF2 Manufacturer - H.E. Williams Lamp Title - HE3G-D S-S-EB2/2-277 Lamp Type - 3 lamps, F25T8 Color Temp - 830K Total Power - 92 Watts Description - 2x2 Recessed Troffer w/ Emergency Back-up Drawing Label - PFE1 Manufacturer - H.E. Williams Lamp Title - HE3G-D S-S-EB2/277 Lamp Type - 3 lamps, F32T8 Color Temp - 830K Total Power - 92 Watts Important Note - lamps are fitted with an emergency fluorescent power supply t o be used when voltage drops below 80% Description - Wedge Shaped Wall Sconce Drawing Label - BF1 Manufacturer - Belfer Lighting Lamp Title E-WH Lamp Type - 1 lamp, CF32DT Color Temp - 830K Total Power - 46 Watts Mounting Note - Located on wall 6 above soffit Description - 2x4 Indirect Troffer w/ Emergency Back-up Drawing Label - MFE1 Manufacturer - H.E. Williams Lamp Title - DIG-S WPR-EB2-277-EM7 Lamp Type - 2 lamp, F32T8 Color Temp - 830K Total Power - 58 Watts Important Note - lamps are fitted with an emergency fluorescent power supply t o be used when voltage drops below 80% Overall Lighting Scheme: The open office plan is lit rather simply. It utilizes two types of parabolic troffers, noted by labels PF1 and PF2, both of which are direct luminaries. These fixtures are used not only to light the open plan, but the surrounding offices and workrooms surrounding the open plan as well. Some of the parabolic troffers (6 of 38) are designed with an emergency back-up light, used in case the building voltage drops below eighty percent. Near the far left wall are wedge shaped wall sconces used for decorative accent.

4 Space Functions: The open office plan will be used for standard office work. While the space is currently unfilled, it is likely to be filled with 22 cubicles. These cubicles will likely hold VDT s and will be used for writing, drawing, and computer tasks. In addition, this space will be used as a circulation space to access the surrounding offices and workrooms. As a result, the appearance of the room must be uncluttered and attractive. Materials and Furnishings Used: The open office plan is carpeted with a broadloom carpet and its ceiling and wall are simply painted gypsum board. The office is to be equipped with 22 cubicles and perhaps some additional tables and chairs. Daylighting: There are four full size windows and two half size north facing windows that provide a sufficient amount of daylight throughout the main portion of the open office space. However, the western-most area (the area near offices ) of the room will need to rely fully on artificial light. Power Density: According to ASHRAE 90.1, Allowable Power Density is 1.3 W/ft 2 for an open office plan Total Area = 3265 ft 2 Power: Fixture Type Power per fixture # of Fixtures Total Power PF1 92 W W PF2 92 W W PFE1 92 W W BF1 46 W W MFE1 58 W W Total = 4026 W For an open office space of 3265 square feet, the total power used is 4026 W. The power density for this space is 1.23 W/ft 2, which falls within the 1.3 W/ft 2 limit. Design Criteria: Appearance of Space and Luminaires (high importance) As stated in the space functions, the appearance must be clean and attractive because it is used as a circulation space. In order to keep a clean appearance and reduce clutter, illuminance on the ceiling should be kept fairly low and constant. In addition, the lighting in the room should convey a

5 mood of comfort and productivity. This can be done by making sure sufficient light levels are projected throughout the room. Color Appearance (high importance) The color rendering index in the room should be at least 70. Daylight Integration (moderate importance) Daylighting creates a more comfortable and pleasant working atmosphere, in addition to reducing the power load of the building. The windows present along the north face of the open office space should fulfill this concern. Direct Glare (very high importance) In an area where tasks will be performed over long periods of time, direct glare can be an unnecessary and frustrating distraction. Direct glare can be reduced by making sure that no portion of the room is illuminated at a ratio greater than 100 times its adjacent surroundings. A common area where this is a problem is the ceiling. It is best to cast uplight on the ceiling so that there is not a large brightness contrast between the luminaire and the ceiling plane surrounding it. Flicker (high importance) Use high frequency electronic ballasts. Light Distribution on Surfaces (high importance) Variations in the ceiling illuminance should not exceed 5:1. In addition, it is best that the luminance ratio between the ceiling and the walls not exceed 3:1. However, these restrictions should not be interpreted as meaning that the room should be of a constant and uninteresting illuminance. Especially considering that this is a circulation space, there should be some means of creating a comfortable visual interest, and this is most easily done by varying light distribution throughout the surfaces of the room. Luminance of Room Surfaces (high importance) On the desk/table/cubicle surfaces in the open office, the luminance should be kept within a brightness ratio of 3:1 and values should be between 50 and 100 footcandles. Wall illuminance in the room should be kept between 30 to 100 cd/m 2. In addition, care should be taken so that dark areas along the tops of the wall surfaces are minimized. Modeling of Faces or Objects (high importance) Although not as important as in a conference room, there is still a fair amount of face-to-face interaction in the open office plan. As a result, some concern should definitely be spent on the modeling of people s faces in this environment. This issue can be remedied by making sure there is a either a diffuse lighting system or plenty of inter-reflection throughout the room. Reflected Glare (very high importance) In an area where there is likely to be intense VDT usage, the best way to reduce reflected glare is to use a VDT with a diffuse reflecting screen. In addition, reflected glare can be reduced on the work plane by making sure desk surfaces are matte. Finally, any direct luminaries in the room should be placed in an area where they will not reflect off the VDT screen.

6 Shadows (high importance) Use a diffuse lighting system to avoid shadows on the work plane, shadows on people s faces, etc. Surface Characteristics (high importance) Walls should be 50-70% reflective to increase brightness and reduce shadows. Ceiling should be 75 to 90 percent reflective. Horizontal Illuminance- minimum of 50 fc on work plane Vertical Illuminance- minimum of 5 fc on walls Noise (high importance) Luminaires and ballasts should be at low noise levels Critique of Current Lighting Plan: While adequate, the current lighting system in the room could certainly be improved. The recessed troffers, while diffuse, could be suspended and switched to direct/indirect, which would create a brighter space and reduce distracting patterns on the ceiling. Currently, I am not certain what the sconces do along the far left portion of the room do, but I feel that something more could be done to enhance the visual aesthetics of the room.

7 Worship Space Room Dimensions: x Luminaires: Description - Incandescent recessed downlight with emergency backup Drawing Label - DGE4 Manufacturer - Kurt Versen Lamp Title - C7394-W-T4 Lamp Type - Tungsten Halogen T-4 mini-cam w/ 8 aperture Total Power Watts Spacing Criteria 0.6

8 Lumen Output lumens Important Note Has a heat sink to exhaust to the plenum - lamps are fitted with an emergency fluorescent power supply t o be used when voltage drops below 80% Description - Incandescent recessed downlight Drawing Label - DG4 Manufacturer - Kurt Versen Lamp Title - C7394-W-T4 Lamp Type - Tungsten Halogen T-4 mini-cam w/ 8 aperture Total Power Watts Spacing Criteria 0.6 Lumen Output lumens Description - Incandescent Recessed Downlight Drawing Label - DG3 Manufacturer - Kurt Versen Lamp Title - C7395-W Lamp type - Tungsten Halogen T-4 mini-cam w/ 8 aperture Total Power Watts Important Note - Has a heat sink to exhaust to the plenum Description - Incandescent Recessed Downlight w/ Emergency Backup Drawing Label - DGE3 Manufacturer - Kurt Versen Lamp Title - C7395-W Lamp type - Tungsten Halogen T-4 mini-cam w/ 8 aperture Total Power Watts Important Note - lamps are fitted with an emergency fluorescent power supply t o be used when voltage drops below 80% Description - Flood Uplights Drawing Label - MH1 Lamp Title - SPI EDI2053 Total Power - 1 lamp at 315 Watts Overall Lighting Scheme: The worship space is lit primarily with incandescent downlights which are recessed into dropped wooden ceiling panels sitting above the seating area of the worship space. There are also incandescent downlights recessed into the sloped ceiling planes on both sides of the worship space. In addition to the downlights above the seating area of the worship space, there are also uplights present above the dropped ceiling panels which light the pitched roof above. There is also an intricate rigging system that lights up the stage at the front of the

9 worship space, but this system is too complex to discuss at this point. One final thing of note is that, like the open plan office, some of the downlights are equipped with an emergency backup system that is activated when the voltage drops below 80% of its capacity. Space Functions: The function of this space is primarily to hold masses and worship activities. The stage is used as both a pulpit and a place for choirs and musical acts. The floor below is where the congregation gathers. There are two screen in front of the room upon which song lyrics will be shown during worship, as well as presentations and other forms of visual entertainment. However, the space does not solely function as a worship area. It is also used as a dining and fellowship facility. In this case, the floor is likely set with tables and used as the primary eating area, while the stage is used either for entertainment or is left alone. As a fellowship facility, the variety of functions for this space is basically limitless. Materials and Furnishings Used: The floor of the worship space is a sealed concrete finish. The east and west walls of the room are painted while the north and south walls are covered with both 1 acoustical wall panels and stained Northern Red Oak solid wood. The ceiling above is gypsum wall board and the dropped wooden panels are made of Douglas Fir-Larch. The furnishings in the room are completely transient, which alone makes for a unique and challenging design experience. The stage in front will likely hold music equipment and a pulpit during worship activities, while the floor below will contain chairs for the congregation. In addition, there are two video screen located above the acoustic panels in the front of the room. However, the room is used for than just mass. The area is also to be used as a dining facility. In this situation, it is plausible that the stage area will be used as place to hold food for buffets and the floor below will contain tables and chairs for eating. It is also likely that the worship space will be used for general activity and fellowship, which opens up the space for a wide range of settings and furnishings. As a result of this, the only permanent furnishings in the space are the two video screens. Daylighting: Lining both the left and right sides the entire length of the worship space are a series of windows and glass doors. This glazing provides more than enough light into the space. The windows are equipped with rolled blinds to reduce light input when necessary. Power Density: According to ASHRAE, the power allowance over the pulpit (stage) area for a religious building is 5.2 W/ft 2 This area is primarily lit by the theatre rigging system installed by Schuler and Shook, which at this point is too complex to analyze. The power allowance over the seating area (according to ASHRAE 90.1), is 3.2 W/ft 2 Total Area = 8892 ft 2

10 Power: Fixture Type Power per fixture # of Fixtures Total Power DGE4 250 Watts W DG3 500 Watts W DGE3 500 Watts W MH1 315 Watts W DG4 250 Watts W Total = W For a seating area of 8892 square feet, the total power used is 26,835 Watts. The power density for this space is 3.02, which falls within the 3.2 W/ft 2 limit. Design Criteria: (Despite the multiple uses of this space, I will design for a worship space, as that function has more distinct and stringent design criteria than does a cafeteria or a general fellowship space) Appearance of Space and Luminaires (high importance) Considering the close relationship between the appearance of space and the mood of the people in it, this criterion is crucial to lighting a worship space. The luminaries should not distract the congregation at all, as the focus of the room should be on the preacher. Color Appearance (very high importance) Color appearance in the worship space is also critical because it can convey a mood appropriate to the preacher s sermon. Also, a lively color scheme can contradict the mood of some of the more serious religious discussions. Daylight Integration (high importance) Daylighting is integral to the design of a worship space. Though it could be used in many ways, the most effective is as accent lighting. The daylight should not be distracting to the congregation however, so caution must be used. Direct Glare (very high importance) Direct glare should be avoided at all costs so that the congregation can focus on the preacher with ease. Flicker (very high importance) A flicker in the lamps can obviously be irritating to a congregation trying to pay attention to events on stage. This should not prove to be much of a problem with the current scheme however, as no fluorescent lights are being used. Light Distribution on Surfaces (moderate importance) Variations in the ceiling illuminance should not exceed 5:1. In addition, it is best that the luminance ratio between the ceiling and the walls not exceed 3:1. However, these restrictions should not be interpreted as meaning that the room should be of a constant and uninteresting illuminance. There should still be visual interest in the room, particularly on the stage. The important thing is that varying illuminance levels do not distract the users of the worship space from their intended focus.

11 Luminance of Room Surfaces (moderate importance) Luminance ratios on the seating area should be uniform so that patrons can read hymnals and Bibles with ease. In addition, uniform light should obviously be placed on the video screens. Modeling of Faces or Objects (high importance) Everything on the stage must be modeled well. The faces of the people in the congregation must be modeled well so that people can see each other clearly. In order to do this, the lighting system must be more than simply direct downlight fixtures. Reflected Glare (high importance) Reflected glare from the floor must be avoided. It is best to use a matte floor finish to avoid this problem. Shadows (high importance) Use a diffuse lighting system to avoid shadows on people s faces, etc. System Control (high importance) Considering the worship space can be used for a variety of services (funeral, marriage, baptism, worship, etc.) it is crucial that a highly effective control system is in place. Horizontal Illuminance- minimum of 10 fc on work plane Vertical Illuminance- minimum of 3 fc on walls Critique of Lighting Plan: I personally feel that the immense amount of daylight at the bottom of the wall is unnecessary and distracting. Daylight is absolutely integral to any church space, but I feel it would be much better located higher up the wall plane. That way, outside events would not be distracting to worshippers and the light from the raised windows could create a more appropriate ambient feel to the worship space. The recessed downlights in the ceiling panels are an interesting concept, and I think they compliment the room well. In addition, the uplighting above the ceiling panels create an atmosphere that, while very aesthetically pleasing, is not likely to be terribly distracting. My only concern with the room, aside from the daylighting, is that the finishes do not do justice to a space such as this. Concrete floors and paint seem too informal. However, my concerns about daylight and finishing are somewhat assuaged by the fact that the room is not meant to be the s primary worship area. The room is only temporarily being used for worship until a new building is placed on the Westwood campus.

12 Exterior Lighting Lighting at East Walkway Front of Building Luminaires: Front of Building Description - Metal Halide Downlight w/ 8 aperture Drawing Label - DH2 Manufacturer - H.E. Williams Lamp Title - OMH75-70-ED17-MED-SG-SCA Lamp Type - 1 lamp, MP70/C/U/MED Total Power Watts Lumen Output lumens Description - Exterior Wall Sconce Drawing Label - BM1 Manufacturer - B-K Lighting Lamp Title - SE-60-BZW-9-B-RM35 Lamp Type - Par 35 Metal Halide Spot Total Power - 50 Watts Ballast - Used with one of seven B-K designed ballasts

13 East Walkway Description Drawing Label Manufacturer Lamp Title Housing Lamp Type Total Power Lumen Output Metal Halide Pendant Downlight DH1 H.E Williams Infinity OMH75-70-ED17-MED-WT Heat sink socket w/ wheat semi-specular reflector 1 lamp, MP70/C/U/MED 100 Watts - 13,500 Lumens Description Metal Halide Pendant Downlight w/ Emergency Backup Drawing Label DHE1 Manufacturer H.E Williams Lamp Title Infinity OMH75-70-ED17-MED-WT Housing Heat sink socket w/ wheat semi-specular reflector Lamp Type 1 lamp, MP70/C/U/MED Total Power 100 Watts Lumen Output - 13,500 Lumens Important Note - lamps are fitted with an emergency fluorescent power supply t o be used when voltage drops below 80% Description Drawing Label Manufacturer Lamp Title Lamp Type Total Power Metal Halide Pendant Downlight DH4 H.E Williams Infinity OMH90-70-ED17-MP-MED-SG-PM 1 lamp, MP70/C/U/MED 100 Watts Description Metal Halide Pendant Downlight w/ Emergency Backup Drawing Label DHE4 Manufacturer H.E Williams Lamp Title Infinity OMH90-70-ED17-MP-MED-SG-PM Lamp Type 1 lamp, MP70/C/U/MED Total Power 100 Watts Important Note - lamps are fitted with an emergency fluorescent power supply t o be used when voltage drops below 80% Description - Exterior Wall Sconce Drawing Label - BM1 Manufacturer - B-K Lighting Lamp Title - SE-60-BZW-9-B-RM35 Lamp Type - Par 35 Metal Halide Spot Total Power - 50 Watts

14 Overall Lighting Scheme: Unfortunately, I do not have any photos of the building at night, so it is more difficult to gain a sense of how the lighting works than I would like. It appears that the sconces wash the front of the building while the downlights perhaps help to light the entrance to the building. One other aspect of the front lighting is that there are Lightvault Directional Markers that follow the path up to the front entrance of the building. These lights are used to guide parishioners going to mass at night. At the walkway along the east end of the building, the lighting system consists of nearly all metal halide pendant downlights. These lights hang from the structural wood joists and shine on the walkway below. Space Functions: The primary function of this space is easy access to and from the building entrances. Power Density: According to ASHRAE 90.1, the allowable power density for a exterior is 3 W/ft 2 Lightvault Marker Pendant Downlights canopied building Total Area = ft 2 Power: Fixture Type Power per fixture # of Fixtures Total Power DH2 100 Watts W BM1 50 Watts W DH1 100 Watts W DHE1 100 Watts W DH4 100 Watts W DHE4 100 Watts W Total Power = 2700 W For a building exterior space of square feet, the total power used is 2700 W. The allowable power density for this space is.88 W/ft 2, which falls well within the 3 W/ft 2 limit. Design Criteria: Appearance of Space and Luminaires (very high importance) Aside from making it easy to enter and exit a building, the primary purpose of exterior lumination is to basically sell the building. As a result, the appearance of the space is critical.

15 Color Appearance (very high importance) This is critical for the same reason appearance of space is. Direct Glare (very high importance) Direct glare needs to be minimized in front of the building because people will be driving cars there. Light Distribution on Surfaces (very important) Light distribution must be within a ratio of 15:1 on the building façade and ground. Light Pollution/Trespass (very high importance) Although Westwood Community Church is somewhat isolated, there are still residences nearby and therefore it is best to minimize light pollution just for courtesy s sake. Modeling of Faces / Objects (very high importance) The entrance to a building is a common place of socialization. As such, it is a good idea to be sure that people can see each other clearly. In addition, in a dark environment, proper modeling of faces and objects is necessary for basic safety. Peripheral Detection (very high importance) Peripheral detection is again necessary for basic security reasons, as it makes people more conscious of their surroundings. Points of Interest (very high importance) The main point of interest in lighting the exterior of a building is the entrance into that building. Provide strong illuminance levels to assure that people can locate the entrances with ease. Reflected Glare (very high importance) Keep floor surfaces below lit areas matte so that there is no reflected glare off the ground and into passing cars. Shadows (very high importance) Shadows make night vision more difficult and create a potentially hazardous environment. Diffuse lighting systems can eliminate this problem. Surface Characteristics (very high importance) Be sure to keep reflectance levels low on ground surfaces to reduce reflected glare. Horizontal Illuminance 5 fc Vertical Illuminance - 3 fc Critique of Lighting Plan: Because I do not have any night photos of the building exterior, my critique is somewhat incomplete. The front of the building appears to have an adequate lighting scheme, the entrance to the building seems well lit, but I am not sure what the downlights and sconces do to promote the appearance of the building. I will attempt to get a night photo of the front façade to gain a better understanding of the situation. The walkway along the east side of the building is purely direct. Though the pendants may create an interesting effect, I am not sure how safe this area is. There is very little

16 wallwashing down this walk, and therefore shadows, peripheral vision and facial modeling may all be serious issues. In addition, it does not appear that entrance itself is lit any more strongly than the rest of the walk, which may make finding the entrance a bit confusing for those who have difficulty with sight. One bonus of the exterior lighting plan is that there is very little spill light, so unless the parking lot layout is particularly wasteful, light pollution should not be a concern. Waiting / Gathering Space plus Reception Room Dimensions: square feet - Approximately 61 x

17 Luminaires: Description Drawing Label Manufacturer Lamp Title Housing Lamp Type Total Power Ballast 6 Compact Fluorescent Recessed Downlight DF2 H.E Williams Infinity PV60-126Q-120-EB Specular Reflector with open bottom 1 lamp, CFQ26W/G24q/35 54 Watts Motorola #M1-CF-26-B-S-120 Description 6 Compact Fluorescent Recessed Downlight w/ Emergency Backup Drawing Label DFE2 Manufacturer H.E Williams Lamp Title Infinity PV60-126Q-120-EB Housing Specular Reflector with open bottom Lamp Type 1 lamp, CFQ26W/G24q/35 Total Power 54 Watts Ballast Motorola #M1-CF-26-B-S-120 Important Note - lamps are fitted with an emergency fluorescent power supply t o be used when voltage drops below 80% Description Drawing Label Manufacturer Lamp Title Housing Lamp Type Total Power 8 Incandescent Recessed Downlight DG2 H.E Williams Infinity A A21IF/MED Specular Reflector with open bottom 1 lamp, 200A21IF 200 W Overall Lighting Scheme: The lighting scheme for the waiting/gathering space could not be any simpler: it consists fully of downlights. Space Functions: The gathering space and reception area on the first floor is the first space you encounter upon entering the. As such, its purpose is more than just to hold people. It must also be a space that captures people s attention and a space that leaves a good lasting impression on its patrons as they leave. However, the emotional force behind this space is not its only function. The space also functions to contain large groups of people entering and leaving functions in the worship space. The gathering space should also assist newcomers to the church and help welcome them and point them in the direction they are looking to go. The reception desk just west of the space and counter east of the space reinforces this function. Materials and Furnishings Used:

18 The floor of the waiting/gathering space is covered with a broadloom carpet. The walls are painted and the ceiling is finished with 5/8 gypsum panels. Furnishings in the waiting/gathering space are sparse because it is a space for people to move and gather uninhibited. However, to the top of the room lies a countertop where pamphlets and information will likely be kept. In addition, there is a reception/information desk located in a cove just south of the gathering space. It is also likely that there will be artwork of some sort located along either longitudinal wall. Daylighting: Though much of the daylight will get caught in the vestibule, some daylight is likely to spill through the glazing on the three doors entering the gathering space. However, for the most part, daylight will not be a factor. Power Density: According to ASHRAE 90.1, Allowable Power Density is 1.8 W/ft 2 for a lobby Total Area = ft 2 Power: Fixture Type Power per fixture # of Fixtures Total Power DF2 92 Watts W DFE2 92 Watts W DG2 200 Watts W Total Power 5192 W For a gathering space of square feet, the total power used is 5192 W. The power density for this space is 1.72, which falls within the 1.80 W/ft 2 limit. Design Criteria: (Design Criteria was based on criteria for Hotel Lobbies) Appearance of Space and Luminaires (high importance) The gathering space is the first impression one gets when entering. Therefore, the appearance of the space is of high importance to those concerned with the success of the building. In addition, the appearance of the space basically sets the mood for anyone using the church. Color Appearance (high importance) CRI for the gathering space should be at least 80. The color appearance of the gathering space is important for the same reason as the appearance of the space as listed above. Daylighting (high importance) Considering this space is the first one encountered upon entering the building, daylight should be implemented to make visual adjustment easier on its occupants entering from the outside.

19 Direct Glare (high importance) Direct glare is to be prevented throughout the space for the comfort of its occupants. The area of most concern, however, is the reception desk. There is likely to be someone seated at the desk for lengthy periods of time and any problem with direct glare would be quite aggravating. Light Distribution on Surfaces (high importance) Greatest concern regarding light distribution is to be placed on the horizontal surfaces in the space (the reception desk and the countertop). There, the distribution should be as close to uniform as possible. Variations in the ceiling should be less than 5:1 and contrast between the walls and the ceiling should be less than 3:1. Light Distribution on Task Plane (moderate importance) - The illuminance level on the countertop and reception desk should be 1.5 to 3 times as high as their adjacent surfaces in order to direct people to those areas. Luminances of Room Surfaces (high importance) On the desk / countertop surfaces in the open office, the luminance should be kept within a brightness ratio of 3:1 and values should be between 50 and 100 footcandles. Wall illuminance in the room should be kept between 30 to 100 cd/m 2. In addition, care should be taken so that dark areas along the tops of the wall surfaces are minimized. Modeling of Faces and Objects (high importance) The gathering space is where people at church do most of their interacting. Modeling is extremely important for this space in order for people to be able to communicate effectively. Points of Interest (high importance) The most important points of interest are the reception desk and the entrance to the worship room. It is best to use illumination emphasis on these areas. Reflected Glare (moderate importance) Much like direct glare, reflected glare can be a nuisance to people in the gathering space. Special care should be taken to eliminate reflected glare at the reception desk, where there is likely to be a VDT screen. For information on how to reduce reflected glare, see the reflected glare section of the open office plan. Surface Characteristics (moderate importance) Inter-reflection in the gathering space helps to eliminate shadows, improve facial modeling and can improve the appearance of the room. For this to occur, it is best to have surface reflectances at 50-70% for the walls and 75-90% for the ceiling. Floor Illuminance 10 fc Work plane illuminance 50 fc

20 Renderings: View upon entering gathering space View of counter top View of Reception Desk

21 Luminance Information: Floor Walls Reception Desk work plane Countertop work plane Average 20 fc Average of walls range from 2 fc to fc Average fc - Average 8.37 fc Critique of Lighting Plan: Because the area is lit with solely downlights, the gathering space is rather bland. Some wallwashers or wall sconces would be a start to improve this scheme. Due to the number of downlights, any issues with shadows and modeling are not very important because the downlights end up crossing each other and acting as a diffuse system. Looking at the luminance information, there is an acceptable amount of light on the reception desk. However, the countertop is extremely underlit.

22 Board Room / Prayer Room Room Dimensions: square feet x 21 Luminaires: Description Drawing Label Manufacturer Lamp Title Housing Lamp Type Total Power Ballast 6 Compact Fluorescent Recessed Downlight DF2 H.E Williams Infinity PV60-126Q-120-EB Specular Reflector with open bottom 1 lamp, CFQ26W/G24q/35 54 Watts Motorola #M1-CF-26-B-S-120

23 Description - Incandescent recessed downlight Drawing Label - DG4 Manufacturer - Kurt Versen Lamp Title - C7394-W-T4 Lamp Type - Tungsten Halogen T-4 mini-cam w/ 8 aperture Total Power Watts Spacing Criteria 0.6 Lumen Output lumens Description - 2x4 Fluorescent Indirect Troffer Drawing Label - MF1 Manufacturer - H.E. Williams Lamp Title - DIG-S WPR-EB2-277 Housing - 50% perforated steel diffuser w/ acrylic overlay Lamp Type - 2 lamps, F32T8 Color Temp K Total Power - 58 Watts Ballast - Advance #REL-2P32-RH-TP Overall Lighting Scheme: The board room / prayer room is lit with indirect troffers and direct recessed downlights. The downlights are located at the east and west walls of the room while the troffers are located in the center, directly over the likely location of a conference table. Space Functions: The reason I am interested in this space is the bizarre combination of uses it has. First of all, the room appears to primarily function as a conference room. The room is not likely a conference room in the office building sense, but as a meeting place for someone to speak with a pastor or someone of that type. In addition to being a conference room, the room also functions as a prayer room for quiet meditation. Obviously these two functions are fairly different and thus controls are needed. Finally, the room contains a sink, which suggests that it is, in addition to being a conference room and prayer room, also somewhat of an informal space. Materials and Furnishings Used: The same broadloom carpet used in the gathering space is used in the conference/prayer room. The walls of the room are painted and the floor is gypsum board. Furnishings in the room likely consist of a conference table and chairs. According to Section 12, a set of cabinets and a sink exist along the east wall. There is also likely to be a chair in the corner for private meditation and some religious art work on the wall. Daylighting: Daylight comes in through two windows along the west wall of the room. The windows are 10 4 wide and are operated on rolled blinds.

24 Power Density: According to ASHRAE 90.1, Allowable Power Density is 1.5 W/ft 2 Total Area = square feet Fixture Type Power per fixture # of Fixtures Total Power DF2 92 Watts W DG4 250 Watts W MF1 58 Watts W Total Power = 1800 For conference area of square feet, the total power used is 1800 W. The power density for this space is 3.80 W/ft 2, well over the limit. Design Criteria: Appearance of Space and Luminaires (very high importance) The luminaries should not be distracting and the appearance of the space should be welcoming and comfortable. Color Appearance (high importance) Color rendering should be pretty good so that people can converse in a comfortable manner. Also color appearance is helpful in creating a mood appropriate for prayer and meditation. Daylighting (moderate importance) In a conference room setting, the presence of daylight promotes a more informal, comfortable atmosphere. Direct glare(very high importance) As a board room, tasks such as writing will likely be performed over long periods of time. Direct glare can be a frustrating distraction to the people performing those tasks if steps aren t taken to remedy the situation. Flicker (moderate importance) Use high-frequency electronic ballasts. Light Distribution on Surfaces (high importance) Variations in the ceiling illuminance should not exceed 5:1. In addition, it is best that the luminance ratio between the ceiling and the walls not exceed 3:1. However, these restrictions should not be interpreted as meaning that the room should be of a constant and uninteresting illuminance. Light distribution on the artwork should be accented. Luminance of Room Surfaces (high importance) On the table surface and cabinet top, the luminance should be kept within a brightness ratio of 3:1 and values should be between 50 and 100 footcandles. Wall illuminance in the room should be kept between 30 to 100 cd/m 2. In addition, care should be taken so that dark areas along the tops of the wall surfaces are minimized.

25 Modeling of Faces or Objects (high importance) Facial modeling is crucial in a conference environment. Make sure light is being provided from more than one angle so that shadows do not occur. Reflected Glare (high importance) Reflected glare can be distracting an irritating to people at the conference table. Make sure the table surface is matte. Shadows (moderate importance) Use a diffuse lighting system to avoid shadows on the work plane, shadows on people s faces, etc. Surface Characteristics (high importance) Walls should be 50-70% reflective to increase brightness and reduce shadows. Ceiling should be 75-90% reflective. Horizontal Illuminance 30 fc Vertical Illuminance - 5 fc Renderings: View of the Board room / Prayer room as I have envisioned it

26 Looking at the Conference Table and Cabinet (door at right of cabinet not shown) Luminance Information: Floor - Average 40 fc Walls - Average 13.2 fc Cabinet top work plane - Average 40.4 fc Table top work plane - Average 26 fc Critique of Lighting Plan: The luminance on the table top is definitely too low, but that is more likely a misunderstanding of the room layout than anything else. I am uncertain as to what the purpose of the downlights along the west wall is, especially if the windows there are going to allow daylight in. The downlight layout throughout the room suggests a furnishing plan that I am unaware of. Obviously the room is not laid out for lighting artwork, but the presence of the artwork was an assumption on my behalf anyway.

27 Resources: ANSI/ASHRAE Standard N.p.: n.p., The IESNA Lighting Handbook. New York: Illumination Engineering Society of North America, *Photographs and information taken from Drawings and Specifications provided by Hammel, Green and Abrahamson, Inc.* * All computer renderings done on AGI-32 * Computer Files placed in Thesis/Tech1 folder on P-drive.