Healthy Urban Planning: in-road to local health development WHO Healthy Cities

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1 Healthy Urban Planning: in-road to local health development WHO Healthy Cities Geoff Green Elisabeth Bengtsson Agis Tsouros

2 Challenges in Cities Growing health concerns in cities include Poverty and social exclusion Violence and Safety Pollution of air, water and land Substandard housing and unhealthy planning Poor employment conditions Stress and Sedentary lifestyles Poor quality food The unmet needs of vulnerable groups Lack of public involvement in decisions Growing inequalities

3 How does Urban Planning affect health? L o c a l H o s p i t a l?

4 How does Urban Planning affect health? Physical factors (some examples) Road severance Lack of facilities in neighbourhood (shops, places to go) Lack of local informal recreational opportunities (allotments, play parks) Unattractive, poorly designed pedestrian routes (road traffic dominated routes) Poor insulation, waste of solar insolation Lack of opportunity for food growing Links Lack of opportunity for informal interaction in the community Isolation Air-polluted local walking environments Fuel poverty Lack of regular exercise Food deserts, poor diet Associated health issues Mental wellbeing Respiratory disease Heart disease and Obesity issues WHO Collaborating Centre for Healthy Cities and Urban Policy

5 Healthy Urban Planning in Manchester A century ago towing planning and public health were working closely together but then they went their separate ways Traffic will be to 21 st century public health what sewage was to 19 th century public health Scrofula Stress & mental health Obesity Cholera Typhoid Asthma Dysentery Heart disease WHO Collaborating Centre for Healthy Cities and Urban Policy

6 The health map WHO Centre for Urban Health Centre for Urban Health

7 How does Urban Planning affect health? WHO Centre for Urban Health Centre for Urban Health

8 Centre for Urban Health

9 Centre for Urban Health

10 Healthy Urban Planning Key Principles: Equity Intersectoral cooperation Community involvement Sustainability International action

11 Types of tools Conceptual development Political Strategic Technical WHO Centre for Urban Health Centre for Urban Health

12 Healthy Urban Planning The twelve key health objectives 6 Food Do planning policies and proposals promote and encourage? 1 Personal lifestyles. 2 Social cohesion. 3 Housing quality. 4 Access to work. 5 Accessibility Safety Equity Air and aesthetics Water Land and minerals Climate stability Barton & Tsourou 2000

13 4 elements of action for health and sustainable development at city level Political Commitment to the values and principles of health and sustainable development; equity and solidarity Articulate a long term vision for your city based on these qualities Institutional processes to support partnership-based work and participative governance Systematic action to tackle the social and environmental determinants of health including Integrating health considerations Into urban planning and design Local, national and international cooperation and networking

14 WHO Working with European Healthy Ageing cities: Themes and Tools Health Impact Assessment Healthy Urban Planning Physical Activity and Active Living City Health Profiles City Health Development Plans

15 Healthy Urban Planning Priorities Transport and mobility Healthy Ageing Neighbourhoods Physical Activity Strategic and Master Plans Cross-cutting links Health Impact Assessment Tools-commitment-innovation awareness-capacity-applications-mainstreaming

16 How to increase physical activity in an urban environment Transport Cycling : Cycle paths, Cycle parks Walking Pedestrian areas Walking buses Safety of walking Leisure time facilities Parks Open schools Public or subsidised sport facilities Safety of playgrounds Building design Stairs Urban design Positioning of services in walking distance Traffic restrictions on weekends

17 Obesity: an epidemic without treatment Urban Design can make a huge difference in supporting physical activity

18 Handy PPT Bursa, Turkey

19 Open space, Health and Urban planning Physical exercise & recreation Social and cultural aspects community & relationships Psychological effects Wildlife in cities Organic urban food production Air quality and noise Water management

20 Neighbourhoods What does the neighbourhood mean? Community decision making Housing social inclusion and diversity Access to jobs, shopping, education and health facilities Planning for movement Public spaces and open space

21 Walking and Cycling City wide level policies to promote walking and cycling as part of a wider transport strategy Neighbourhood level a mix of uses and maximum opportunity to walk or cycle Assessing a project a checklist addressing localised issues of movement and accessibility

22 12 January 2007 WHO Centre for Urban Health Viana do Castelo Amadora Newcastle Glasgow Liverpool Sheffield Stoke-on-Trent Montijo Belfast Dublin Galway Rennes Nancy Gijon Vitoria-Gasteiz Salamanca Seixal Liège Geneva WHO Healthy Cities Network Phase IV ( ) in the WHO European Region (Designated and Applicants) Stirling Manchester Copenhagen Brussels Dunkerque Leganés San Fernando de Henares Horsens Sunderland Camden Brighton Turin Sandnes Dresden Milan Bologna Barcelona Sant Andreau de la Barca Siena Østfold County Council Vienna Koper Arezzo SVN Rijeka Udine Venice Padua Helsingborg Bursa BLR Ljubljana Celje Golcük Zagreb Kadiköy Sarajevo Maltepe Tirana Istanbul Athens Aydin Jerusalem Stockholm Kuopio Jurmala Lodz Poznan Pecs Turku Kuressaare Kaunas Pärnu Bartin Yalova Brno Györ Eskisehir/Tepebasi Avanos Ürgüp Cherepovets Cheboksary Yevpatoria Çankaya Kirikkale Novocheboksarsk Dimitrovgrad Kinel-Cherkassy District Borjomi Stavropol Trabzon City 89 Cities 76 designated 13 applicants Izhevsk

23 /healthy-cities/ WHO Centre for Urban Health Centre for Urban Health