Czech D8 Motorway across Ceske Stredohori. Pavel Pribyl, CEE Bankwatch Network

Transcription

1 Czech D8 Motorway across Ceske Stredohori Pavel Pribyl, CEE Bankwatch Network

2 Hnuti Duha - Czech Republic 1. Executive summary Project The D8 motor way is part of the Berlin-Istanbul IV. Eu ro pean multi-modal trans port cor ri dor, which was agreed upon at the 2nd Pan-European Con fer ence in Crete in Only two sec tions of the motorway part of the corridor on the Czech side have not been built. For the section across Ceske Stredohori Pro tected Landscape Area, de - scribed below, part of the money has been se - cured by a loan contract with the European In vest ment Bank (EIB). De spite NGOs hav - ing in formed the EIB about the pro ject s se - vere en vi ron men tal impacts and wanting to dis cuss the is sue with the Bank, the NGOs have re ceived a negative re sponse: It is not for the Bank to discuss individual pro jects with Friends of the Earth or other civil or ga ni za tions. ( ). Motorway in the protected area The D8 motor way sec tion across Ceske Stredohori seriously threat ens a unique area which is valuable for its biodiversity (Pro - tected Land scape Area, part of the EECONET net work, po ten tial part of NATURA 2000) and landscape character. From the very beginning, the pro ject prepara - tion has been accompanied by ignorance to - wards the basic aspects of con ser va tion of nature and precious hab i tats, and even il le gal i - ties in the decision-making process. Thus, due to distortions of the proceedings from the au - thor i ties side, only one (the most environ - men tally harmful) option was as sessed. The re main ing three options, one which avoided the Pro tected Area com pletely and two with longer tunnels, were neglected. Construction timetable The section is of fi cially planned to go into op - er a tion in How ever, environmen - tal groups, due to problems related to na ture pro tec tion, ex pect the con struc tion work to be finished in EIA without options: In 1996, the pro ject un - der went an Environmental Im pact Assess - ment (EIA). But the responsible au thor i ties (Ministry of Trans port, Roads and Motor ways Di rec tor ate, Ministry of Environment) ig - nored from the very beginning demands to also assess more environmentally appropri - ate al ter na tives (a cor ri dor outside of the Protected Land scape Area, a long tun nel un - der the area). Therefore, the EIA was con - ducted con sid er ing only one option, the sur face one. The then-in-power Min is ter of Environment agreed with this option, but did not ap prove the necessary ex emp tion from the Na ture and Land scape Pro tec tion Act. The ex emp tion was is sued in July 2000, only after intense pressure by the project pro moter. Cur rently (January 2002) the Land Use proceeding for the section is go ing for - ward, albeit with the possibility of interrup - tion be cause of the necessity to receive an other ex emp tion from the Na ture and Landscape Protection Act. Illegalities accompanying project preparation Exclusion of the tunnel options from EIA In 1995, the Min is try of Environment vio - lated the law by agree ing that only one option for the corridor, the surface option across the Protected Land scape Area, would be as - sessed (see attached map). Czech cabinet approval of the Litomerice region Land Use Plan The il le gal agreement of the Ministry of En - vironment to assess only one option was fol - lowed by the gov ern ment s approval of the Litomerice region Land Use Plan. Again, the cabinet il le gally ap proved land protection for the one corridor, de spite there being no ex - emp tion from the Na ture and Landscape Pro tec tion Act issued for it at that time. Agreement of the Ministry of Environment with the D8 corridor environmental impacts In No vem ber 1996, the Min is try of Environ - ment agreed with con struc tion of the surface corridor of the D8 motorway across Ceske Stredohori Protected Land scape Area. This agree ment, however, is in con tra dic tion with the EIA Act, because it followed an il le gal procedure in choos ing the motorway corri - dor. 1

3 Czech D8 motorway across Ceske Stredohori Exemption from the Nature and Landscape Protection Act The Min is try of Environment has vi o lated pro vi sions of the Nature and Land scape Pro - tection Act, because it has ap proved an ex - emp tion from the pro hi bi tion of con struct ing new motor ways in specially pro tected areas, without the investor or the Min is try itself hav - ing proved that pub lic in ter est (ter mi nus technicus) in con struct ing the motor way across the Pro tected Landscape Area pre vails over the pub lic in ter est in na ture protection. Conclusion The pas sage of the D8 motorway across Ceske Stredohori Pro tected Land scape Area is a de ter rent ex am ple of the per sis tence of con struc tion dogmas from the totalitarian past, which are based on ig no rance of the ba - sic needs of na ture protection, prior ex clu sion of the alternatives, and even violation of legis - la tion. Having quite progressive environmen - tal protection measures based on it s own Hab i tat di rec tives, the EU should work to move the candidate countries to adhere to these mea sures as well. In stead, one of the EU s fi nan cial arms (the EIB) is ready to assist in the de struc tion of a valuable, unique nat u ral area of Eu ro pean im por tance, with lit tle con - sid er ation. II. Project description The D8 motor way is part of the Berlin-Dresden-Prague-Bratislava-Budapest- Arad-Craiova-Sofia-Istanbul IV. European multi-modal transport corridor, which was agreed upon at the 2nd Pan-European Con - fer ence in Crete in 1994 by na tional transport min is ters. To wards Dresden, the D8 connects with the German A17 motorway. A Czech-German treaty is signed for the bor - der-crossing site, including details about the border bridge. Trans port intensity on the D8 motorway in 2010 is ex pected to be ve - hicles per day. Cur rently, two sections re main to be built on the Czech side: Lovosice-Rehlovice (across Ceske Stredohori Pro tected Land scape Area) and Trmice Czech/German bor der (across the eastern part of Krusne hory /Ore Moun - tains). The first section, important due to the sig nif i cant threat it poses to the environment and habitats, is to be co-financed with an EIB loan. The Ceske Stredohori Pro tected Landscape Area consists of a unique complex of small volcanic formations of var i ous com po si tion and shape. Geomorfologically in dented, some times even mountainous ter rain, has led con struc tors to plan nu mer ous shifts of high em bank ments and deep trenches. The sec - tion, which would cut through the area at a length of 16,4 kilometers, poses a threat to the outstanding area, which is valuable both for its biodiversity (Pro tected Landscape Area, part of the EECONET net work, po - ten tial part of NATURA 2000) and pictur - esque landscape char ac ter. Costs of the pro ject equal approximately EUR 243 mil. (7,8 bil lion Czech crowns). The larg est share will be cov ered di rectly by the state; the EIB s loan share should reach approximately EUR 78 mil. (2,5 bil lion Czech crowns). This is part of the EUR l70 million loan for the con struc tion and up - grade of 80 kilometers of new motor ways, pri mar ily at the IV. Pan-European priority corridor. The contract with the EIB regard - ing this loan was signed in No vem ber 2001 as the second part of an overall EUR 400 mil - lion loan, the first 230 mil lion for the Czech Republic having been ap proved in The section is officially planned to go into op er a tion in How ever, environ - mental groups, due to problems related to nature protection, ex pect the con struc tion work to be finished in III. History of the project Passage of the D8 motorway across Ceske Stredohori was first ap proved by the com - mu nist government in 1963, in the frame - work of the motorways and ca pac ity roads con struc tion master plan, while the Pro - tected Land scape Area was declared only in The master plan it self be came reality only in a lim ited scope due to both the finan - 2

4 Hnuti Duha - Czech Republic cial con straints and the pri mary focus on the Czechoslovak West-East link between Prague Bratislava (Kosice). With the exception of a 4,5 ki lo me ter long section near Usti nad Labem (out side of the Protected Area) which was built in the 1980s, the D8 project was frozen for some three decades and became an is sue again after the political changes in Unfortunately, noth ing has changed re - gard ing au thor i ties attitude to wards na ture conservation. When work on the D8 motorway started in the 1990s, a so-called fragmentation or sa - lami tac tic was put into place: the two most controversial sections the one across Ceske Stredohori and second across the eastern part of Krusne Hory were left un til the end. This al lowed the promoters (Min is try of Trans - port, Roads and Motor ways Directorate) to de velop additional pressure by using the ar gu - ment that the money has al ready been spent and it is necessary to fill in the remaining gaps. In July 2000, after long-lasting po lit i cal pres - sure, the pro mot ers achieved an exemption from the Na ture and Land scape Protection Act from the Min is try of Environment (passed in 1992, this act literally forbids the con struc tion of motor ways in pro tected natu - ral ar eas). Other authorities in volved in the project proceedings aside from the promot - ers, the Min is try of Environment and the Pro - tected Land scape Area Authority include the Litomerice dis trict office, the Min is try of Re - gional Development, the Lovosice Con struc - tion Authority, and 10 towns and villages along the motorway route. In the beginning of the 1990s it would not have been a prob lem to direct the motor way more to the Northwest, near the Louny and Most regions. Such a routing would have brought benefits from the environmental point of view as well as lower costs and better trans port connection for the Northwest re - gion of the country. But au thor i ties re mained focused on the aged con cept of the necessity to cross Ceske Stredohori and to provide a motorway link with Germany via the city of Usti nad Labem. Now a days there is an up - graded TEN-railway corridor and the Elbe river wa ter way available in the city, while the Most region, dis ad van taged by the collapse of outdated in dus try, has been prevented from hav ing a ca pac ity transport link, which might have helped it to over come its problematic situation. In 1996 the pro ject un der went an Environ - mental Im pact Assessment (EIA). How ever, the re spon si ble authorities (Ministry of Trans port, Roads and Motorways Director - ate, Min is try of Environment) have ignored from the very beginning demands to also as - sess more environmentally appropriate alter - natives (a corridor out side of the Pro tected Landscape Area, a long tun nel under the area). Therefore, instead for four op tions (out side of the Pro tected Area, two tun nel options, a surface option) the EIA was car - ried out only for the last one. The then-in-power Minister of Environment agreed with this option, but did not approve the necessary ex emp tion from the Nature and Landscape Protection Act. At that stage, Czech en vi ron men tal NGOs got in touch with the European In vest ment Bank, de - mand ing a profound dis cus sion of the pro - ject. How ever, the Bank re fused to dis cuss it with them. The aforementioned ex emp tion was is sued only in July 2000 af ter long-lasting pres sure from the pro moter. The only con sid er ation of the alternatives took place in 1999 during the Strategic EIA (SEA) for Conception of Transport Net - work Development and its recommenda - tions were neglected by the government (see chapter 4.2. Other en vi ron men tal prob - lems). Cur rently (Jan u ary 2002), there is an on go ing Land Use pro ceed ing for the surface corri - dor, which is supposed to significantly affect the habitats of a number of pro tected spe - cies. Nature protection is to be solved with one 50-meter wide ecoduct (pas sage for ani - mals), two short tunnels (270 and 620 me - ters) and 18 bridges, which will significantly af fect the character of the landscape. Recently, the new pro tected flora hab i tats were identified on the D8 route. Therefore, environmental NGOs are de mand ing inter - rup tion of the Land Use pro ceed ing, be cause 3

5 Czech D8 motorway across Ceske Stredohori it is con ceiv able that de struc tion of the habi - tats would re quire another ex emp tion from the Na ture and Land scape Protection Act. IV. Problems A. Illegalities in the decision-making process and ignorance towards legitimate proposals of the public Exclusion from the tunnel option of EIA Originally, there were four op tions for consid - er ation un der the EIA: the option avoid ing the Protected Land scape Area, two tun nel op - tions (cor ri dors A and B ) and a surface C cor ri dor with a short tun nel (see attached map ). Based on the so-called Landscape Eval u a tion a preliminary multi-criteria analysis, which is not em bod ied in the legisla - tion the Min is try of Environment agreed in April 1995 with the evaluation s con clu sion, that only the surface branches (the C1 and C2 subcorridors) should be as sessed. As a result the surface option C was as sessed (the sur face corridor C2 hav ing been purely for mally compared with the surface option C1 ) while the A and B corridors with the significantly longer tun nel were a priori excluded from consideration. Of fi cially, there was no reasonable proof as to why the surface option was chosen. Un of fi cially, though, the reason for excluding the other op tions was that Czech con struc tion com pa nies do not have experience with con struct ing tunnels in com plex geological conditions, and therefore the surface option was necessary to in crease their chances of get ting the con tract. The Ministry s decision contradicts the EIA Act, and is therefore illegal. Based on the com plaint of the NGO Children of the Earth (Oc to ber 1998) this fact was con firmed in March 1999 by the Legislative Com mis sion of the Minister of Environment, which stated that the decision con tained for mal and procedural errors, therefore it can not be con sid ered as a de ci sion according to the EIA Act. Czech cabinet approval of the Litomerice region Land Use Plan When ap prov ing the Land Use Plan of the Litomerice re gion, which contains roughly 60% of the incriminated D8 motorway sec - tion, the cabinet only ap proved land protec - tion of the non-tunnel C corridor, al though there were 3 rel e vant cor ri dors to assess by that time. Thus, the cabinet illegally anticipated the ex is tence of only one corridor ( C, with the surface motor way route), even though the re quired ex emp tion for this par - tic u lar cor ri dor from the Na ture and Land - scape Protection Act had not yet been is sued at that time. The opinion of Children of the Earth about the il le gal ity of the ap proval of the Litomerice re gion Land Use Plan with only one motor way corridor across the Pro tected Landscape Area was proven cor rect by the Dep uty Min is ter of Environment in an inter - nal communication to the Ministry s Nature Pro tec tion Department: If there is an in ten - tion in the cab i net s decision that D8 should in ter fere with Ceske Stredohori Pro tected Landscape Area, then it is in conflict with the Nature and Land scape Protection Act. It is im pos si ble to plan a motorway through this area, where such con struc tion is for bid den by leg is la tion The exemptions must be solved first Conclusion De ci sions of the Con struc tion office can not be gov erned by an illegal act. It is in conflict with the principle of legality of deci - sion-making of the au thor i ties, which is guar - anteed by the Con sti tu tion of the Czech Republic. Agreement of the Ministry of Environment with the D8 corridor environmental impacts In the No vem ber 1996 EIA, the Department of the Min is try of Environment agreed with the con struc tion of the surface option ( C2 corridor branch) of the D8 motor way across the Ceske Stredohori Pro tected Landscape Area. Ac cord ing to NGOs this is, how ever, in con flict with the EIA Act, be cause the de - cision fol lowed the illegalities of the so-called 4

6 Hnuti Duha - Czech Republic Landscape Eval u a tion in choosing the motor - way corridor. The selection of the con crete motorway route was therefore made between only two mostly surface-led sub-corridors ( C1 and a C2 ) in the an tic i pated corridor C, that was se lected illegally. Under these circumstances, ob jec tive comparison with other options mainly the tun nel options is miss ing, de spite the fact that since 1996, pub - lic ini tia tives have con tin u ously demanded that such a comparison be done. So far the Ministry of Environment has not issued a new ap proval which would meet the EIA Act re - quire ments. Exemption from the Nature and Landscape Protection Act The route of the motor way does not ful fill a basic con di tion of the Na ture and Landscape Pro tec tion Act, which requires proof that the pub lic in ter est in the con struc tion of the pro - posed surface corridor sig nif i cantly pre vails over the pub lic in ter est in nature and landscape protection in the Ceske Stredohori Pro tected Landscape Area. The ministerial exemption from July 2000 does not con tain reasons, find - ings or comparisons, and this led to the deci - sion that in the very cor ri dor proposed by the investor, violation of the nature protection and landscape character of the Pro tected Area would be so small, that in ter est in the con - struc tion would significantly pre vail over the pub lic in ter est of na ture pro tec tion. The project promoter is obligated to prove and defend its opinion that another so lu tion, which would better respect the nat u ral value of the Pro tected Area, is not fea si ble. In the case of D8 across Ceske Stredohori both the project promoter as well as the Ministry of Environment have com pletely failed. During the pro ceed ing not a sin gle study, analysis or ex pert assessment which would document the pro moter s ef fort to avoid in - ter fer ence with the Pro tected Land scape Area was presented. The sit u a tion was just the op - posite: irrespective of im por tant changes in circumstances (dec la ra tion of Pro tected Landscape Area in 1976, ap proval of the Na - ture and Landscape Protection Act in 1992, inclusion into the EECONET net work etc.) the promoter has in sisted on the orig i nal cor - ridor across Ceske Stredohori since The same lack of evidence is also on the side of the necessary finding, which would prove that there is no possibility to lead the motor - way across the Pro tected Landscape Area in a different, and from the en vi ron men tal point of view more sound, corridor, than through the only one submitted in the Land Use Proceedings. Conclusion The Min is try of Environment has vi o lated pro vi sions of the Nature and Land scape Pro - tection Act, because it has ap proved an ex - emp tion from the pro hi bi tion to construct new motor ways in spe cially pro tected areas, without the investor or the Min is try it self doc u ment ing that the pub lic interest in con - struct ing the motor way across the Pro tected Landscape Area would pre vail over the public in ter est in na ture protection. B. Other environmental problems and conflict with European nature protection standards Ignorance towards SEA Expert team recommendations When as sess ing the Transport Net work De - velopment Scheme under SEA (1999) the ex - perts concluded that the D8 section across Ceske Stredohori is from the en vi ron men tal point of view very conflicting. They also assessed pos si ble al ter na tives - a potential ca - pac ity road link (Praha) - Postoloprty - Most - Germany (R7+R28), as well as po ten tial im - pacts of a long tun nel un der the Pro tected Landscape Area. For the first alternative the expert team concluded that it would be envi - ronmentally sound, with only a technical disadvantage: the necessity of step ping out from the still ex ist ing treaty with Germany about the border-crossing site. The treaty, though, an tic i pated the de struc tion of Ceske Stredohori even be fore the ex emp tion from the Na ture and Landscape Protection Act was issued. They have also highlighted envi - ron men tal acceptability of the long tun nel option. Nevertheless, the Czech gov ern ment has in sisted on the orig i nal plan of the Minis - try of Transport for all motor ways without 5

7 Czech D8 motorway across Ceske Stredohori accepting any of the pro-environmental modi - fications rec om mended by the SEA expert team. EECONET and potential Natura 2000 sites endangered The Ceske Stredohori area is part of the net - work of key Eu ro pean nat u ral areas, EECONET, and a po ten tial can di date to be - come part of the Natura 2000 net work (de - tailed bi o log i cal map ping works are un der way). It is pos si ble that the site would become part of Natura 2000 before the D8 across the Pro tected Area would come into op er a tion. This might mean that Czech Re - public would be pe nal ized for violation of protection of the site un til the con flict with Nature pro tec tion is solved. On the other hand, it is conceivable that sig nif i cant pres - sure will be ap plied to prevent the inclusion of a number of habitats in the area in the Natura 2000 net work, so that the Czech Republic can avoid fu ture con flicts with the EU in the en vi - ron men tal field. C. Social aspect The key ar gu ment which is used to de fend the D8 motor way is of a social nature. It is ar gued that the quick, ca pac ity connection of Usti nad Labem and Teplice regions with Prague will re sult in de creased un em ploy ment in the region. Such a benefit, however, has not thus far been proved. Also, the con cern about un - employment sounds a bit strange, as the neighbouring Most re gion, which has the high est un em ploy ment level in the country, was intentionally omit ted by the pro ject pro - moters. In the en vi ron men tal field the ar gu - ment is used that the motor way will de crease traffic density on the cur rent routes, thus noise and emis sions will de crease and a num - ber of towns and vil lages on the Czech-German road links will calm down (how ever, it is generally ex pected that freight road traffic will in crease by 40% after the Czech Re pub lic joins the EU). It is also often claimed that trans-european transport will boost the ser vice sector along one of the main Eu ro pean motor way cor ri dors. In this light it is surprising that the Czech government has agreed on the measures, which would de - crease the freight traffic bur den on the D8 motorway. It should be achieved by the con - tinuous op er a tion of the RO-LA (roll ing road) combined transport between Lovosice and Dresden, as well as by the increase of the ca pac ity of the existing current bor der cross - ings along the Czech-Saxonian border (Cabi - net decision from ). V. Public involvement, contacts with the IFIs Public involvement As is ap par ent from the afore men tioned, citi - zen groups have been active from the very be gin ning of the preparation of the pro ject in They have been working so that the project would ei ther completely avoid the Ceske Stredohori Pro tected Landscape Area or, to save the value of the area, they have promoted the long tun nel option. Author - ities, with the use of several illegal decisions, have put through the least proper option. If this sit u a tion is not re dressed, the cit i zen groups are ready, after the po ten tial ap proval of the Land Use Permit, to ini ti ate a court case re gard ing the project. Proposals of environmental NGOs about the project From the beginning of the project prepara - tion, en vi ron men tal NGOs have demanded that an option which would not interfere with Ceske Stredohori be considered. They have pro vided rel a tively de tailed back ground information, including research of the possi - bility of connecting the Czech D8 and Ger - man A17 motor ways at an al ter na tive site. How ever, Czech authorities have not re - acted. In fact, they even il le gally ex cluded the tunnel options from the EIA assessment. Today, the NGOs which are par tic i pants in the Land Use Proceedings are trying to en - force con struc tion of the 3,3 kilometer long tunnel (see the map), which would preserve at least the core zone of the Pro tected Land - scape Area part of the EECONET net - work and a po ten tial part of the Natura 2000 net work. Such an option would also bring the ad van tage of a cheaper, safer, and more com fort able drive. 6

8 Hnuti Duha - Czech Republic A dis ad van tage is mainly the higher pro ject cost, which, how ever, should not be the pri - mary con sid er ation, if the Pro tected Area was to be treated prop erly. The construction works would be pro longed for roughly two more years. However, it is hard to make a proper pre dic tion, be cause the pro ject is al - ready one year behind schedule in com par i son with the of fi cial time ta ble. Moreover, a po ten - tial court case if the surface option is ap - proved could re sult in further de lays. The pro ject investor, the Roads and Motor - ways Di rec tor ate, op poses this suggestion mainly for the rea sons of fiscal and time con - straints. Nevertheless, if it, together with the Ministry of Trans port, would have proceeded correctly, an ac cept able solution could have been found a long time ago. Contacts with EIB En vi ron men tal ists have tried to com mu ni cate about the project with the European Invest - ment Bank from the very mo ment it became clear that the Bank is going to provide the loan for it. The EIB in gen eral of ten re fers to the fact that strategic motorway links among EU members and candidate countries are of ut - most im por tance to the Eu ro pean commis - sion. At the same time, the Bank has not been similarly en thu si as tic about EU pri or i ties in the en vi ron men tal field, par tic u larly those out lined in the Habitat di rec tive, which, to - gether with the Bird di rec tive, creates the ba - sis for set ting up the Natura 2000 net work. Maybe it is the lack of en vi ron men tal exper - tise ca pac ity within the Bank, which makes it satisfied with the fact that the Czech EIA Act is in ac cor dance with the EU EIA di rec tive, but doesn t man age its management to re flect the fact that even harmonized leg is la tion is be ing vi o lated during the pro ject prep a ra tion. Such a weak ness could be over come if the EIB would be willing to be come prop erly in - formed about the project. But it has not showed an in ter est in communicating about the critical is sues in de tail, as is apparent from its response to the letter of Friends of the Earth/CEE Bankwatch Net work Czech Re - public (the letter was ad dressed to the Bank in 1997, several years before the ex emp tion for the passage of the motorway across Pro - tected Land scape Area was issued): It is not for the Bank to dis cuss individual pro jects with Friends of the Earth or other civil orga - nizations. ( ). A truly exemplary approach from an institution which system - atically polishes its image, claiming that its mis sion is to ful fill the priorities agreed upon by the EU, including those in en vi ron men tal field VI. Conclusion Passage of the D8 motorway across Ceske Stredohori Pro tected Land scape Area is a de - ter rent example of the persistence of con - struc tion dogmas from the totalitarian past, which are based on ignorance of the basic needs of na ture pro tec tion, prior ex clu sion of the alternatives, and even violation of leg - islation. The pro ject pro moter has not sub - mitted an op tion to build the motorway across Ceske Stredohori Protected Land - scape Area, which would meet the high re - quire ments of na ture and landscape protection in a com plex pro ject site. The pre - mature, base less and il le gal ex clu sion of any tunnel op tions in the mid-1990s has nega - tively influenced both the preparatory pro - cess and the approach to wards nature and landscape pro tec tion. Having quite progres - sive environmental pro tec tion measures based on its own Hab i tat di rec tives, the EU should work to move the candidate countries to ad here to these mea sures as well. In stead, one of the EU s fi nan cial arms (the EIB) is ready to as sist in the de struc tion of a valu - able, unique nat u ral area of European impor - tance, with lit tle consideration.. Author: Pavel Pribyl, Hnuti Duha, CEE Bankwatch and Friends of the Earth Czech Republic Pub lished by No Re form No Money! Citizens' campaign to im prove the European Invest - ment Bank's transparency, accountability and en vi ron men tal per for mance before new fund - ing by EU member states is pro vided. 7

9 Czech D8 motorway across Ceske Stredohori At tach ment 1.Scheme of the general situation of the D8 motorway project 2. De tailed cor ri dor situation in Ceske Stredohori Protected Land - scape Area 8