Photo Stories for Visualising Sustainability Science Application in Pilot Sites

Transcription

1 JAK/2017/PI/H/9 Photo Stories for Visualising Sustainability Science Application in Pilot Sites (for discussion only) June 2017

2 Photo Stories for Visualising Sustainability Science Application in Pilot Sites (for discussion only) June

3 4 The photo stories compiled in this document were based on the contribution from project partners and stakeholders of the Sustainability Science demo sites. The discussions were facilitated by Prof Jeff Camkin (University of Western Australia), Dr Tahmina Rashid (University of Canberra), and Ms Trita Katriana (UNESCO Office Jakarta). The final photo stories were the results of elaboration in their own words by project partners and stakeholders attending the Synthesis Workshop of STAR and SHARP which took place on 2-4 November 2016 in Malaysia. UNESCO Office Jakarta is not responsible for the choice, comments and presentation of the photo stories contained in this publication. Copyright remains with the original contributors.

4 Compiled by: Trita Katriana for UNESCO Office Jakarta Contributors (in alphabetical order): Ifugao Demonstration Site, Philippines: Jose. T. Gullitiw, Ivan Anthony Henares, Joan Sheelah O. Nalliw, and the contribution of all other project team members of IH&MD Heritage+Tourism Consultants: Richard Philip A. Gonzalo, Kristine Mae C. Gotera, Erickson L. Llaguno, Roberto S. Soriano, and Virginia J. Soriano. Langat River Basin Demonstration Site, Malaysia: Rahmah Elfithri, Mazlin bin Mokhtar, Md. Pauzi Abdullah, Mohd. Raihan Taha, Mohd Ekhwan Toriman, Ruhizan Mohammad Yasin, Jasni Yaakub, Rd Puteri Khairani Khirotdin, Mohamad Mahathir Amir Sultan, Siti Amirah Ishak and Syafinaz Salleh from Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) and the contribution of project stakeholder: Haslina Binti Amer from Selangor Water Management Authority (LUAS). Siem Reap Demonstration Site, Cambodia:, Philippe Delanghe, Maria Iniguez De Heredia, Long Kheng, Chamroeun Sok, and the contribution of APSARA. Cover design and layout by: Ardi Rukmansyah 5

5 Contents Introduction... Visualising Sustainability Science Application in Pilot Sites a. Restoring and Managing Langat River, Malaysia for Future... b. Rice Terraces of the Philippine Cordilleras... c. Improving Water Management at Siem Reap City and Tonle Sap Biosphere Reserve, Cambodia References... For further reading

6 Introduction Given that the biggest challenge of the international community today is the sustainability of the Earth and knowing that basic goods and services supplied by the planetary life support system, such as food, water, clean air and an environment conducive to human health, are being affected increasingly by global change (IGBP, 2001), a new scientific approach becomes crucial as a tool to understand these natural and human-driven changes to the Earth. Sustainability Science is a newly emerged field of science which has been adopted by UNESCO, in order to strengthen the interface between environmental science-policy-society interface towards a sustainable future. Sustainability Science initiative proposes options for the promotion of inter-disciplinary approaches to global environmental challenges that could be taken up for consideration by national and international decision makers to advance the practice of sustainable development - that is, to ensure the durable well-being of humans without jeopardizing the reliability of ecological systems. In this document, three UNESCO Sustainable Science demonstration sites in ASEAN 1 are portrayed through a photo story to describe how sustainability science approach has been adopted in the demonstration sites in order to address key environmental challenges and contribute to sustainability in ASEAN countries. The demonstration sites are: Siem Reap, Cambodia, on restoring and enhancing Angkor World Heritage site and Siem Reap city water systems. Ifugao Rice Terraces, Philippines, on rice terraces of the Philippines cordilleras. Langat River Basin, Malaysia, on restoring and managing Langat River, Malaysia for Future. A photo story, an adaptation of the Photovoice technique (see Wang, C & Burris, M.A., 1997), is a research technique used to promote an effective, participatory means of sharing experience and knowledge to create public policy, through the immediacy of the visual image and accompanying stories to furnish evidence 2. This Photo Stories document specifically portrays issues, findings, visions, challenges, best practices, impacts, and/or recommendations from each demonstration site, in order to deliver sustainability science outcomes from the region to further advance sustainability policies. 1 The UNESCO Sustainability Science demonstration sites were established through project Sustainability Transformation Across the Region (STAR) supported by Japanese Funds-in-Trust. 2 as noted by Wang & Burris, (1997, p.369) 7

7 This Photo Stories document is the output of Sustainability Science research project carried out under Sustainability Transformation Across the Region (STAR) project, which hasbeen completed through the following process: Data collection process: data collection included literature review, baseline data (include sampling at several sites), interviews with stakeholders, and community dialogue. Throughout this process, photos were taken by the project partners to capture the issues. Data collection process was undertaken after the demonstration sites were established and project partners were identified in Data validation process: data validation included modelling and analysis, Focus Group Discussion (FGD)/workshops/consultation with stakeholders. Throughout this process, photos were also taken by the project partners to capture findings, visions, and/or challenges. Community actions: in several demonstration sites, community actions were supported and facilitated by the STAR project. During the actions, photos were taken by the project partners to capture best practices and/or impacts. Findings finalization: Synthesis Workshop of the project Sustainability Transformation Across the Region (STAR) and the project Science Harnessed for ASEAN Regional Policy (SHARP) which took place on 2-4 November 2016 in Langkawi, Malaysia, brought together the results of the total of five demonstration sites 3 for further discussions among project partners and stakeholders from each demonstration site. The photo stories are the results of elaboration in their own words by project partners and stakeholders from each demonstration site during the Synthesis Workshop of the project STAR and the project SHARP. In developing the photo stories, the project partners and stakeholders reflected on priority issues and the specific emphases of the locals identified during project research in order to come up with themes and messages; the photos collected from the sites were then discussed in accordance with each intended message; and lastly, the structure of the chosen photos and its accompanying messages were then discussed and agreed in order to create the photo stories. Where intended photos are not available, photos from old collection and/or from other sources were used to enrich the photo stories. The results of the photo stories are presented in this document for discussion only. 3 The additional two demonstration sites from SHARP are: Langkawi Geopark, Malaysia, on water and environmental sustainability education linked with ecotourism in Langkawi Geopark; and Davao, Philippines, on enhancing resilience to disasters of urban water systems of Mindanao. The Siem Reap demonstration site is jointly implemented by the two projects. 8

8 Visualising Sustainability Science Application in Pilot Sites Restoring and Managing Langat River, Malaysia for Future The Langat River Basin, a UNESCO HELP (Hydrology for the Environment, Life and Policy) River Basin, is an important water catchment area, with hydropower potential, and a source of raw water supply and other amenities for more than 1.59 million people and conurbations that include towns such as Cheras, Bangi, Kajang and Putrajaya, the Federal Government Administrative Centre. The area surrounding the Langat River Basin is facing rapid development in terms of urbanisation, industrialisation, road network and agriculture, bringing conflicts of harmony with the river environment, and increases the degree of pollution into the river channels. The Langat River Basin has been selected as a Sustainability Science demonstration site of UNESCO in order to demonstrate how sustainability science-based solution can support a holistic river management beyond traditional approaches which often overlook social and ecological needs. Project partner: LESTARI UKM Main contributors: Rahmah Elfithri, Mazlin bin Mokhtar, Md. Pauzi Abdullah, Mohd. Raihan Taha, Mohd Ekhwan Toriman, Ruhizan Mohammad Yasin, Jasni Yaakub, Rd Puteri Khairani Khirotdin, Mohamad Mahathir Amir Sultan, Siti Amirah Ishak and Syafinaz Salleh from Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) and the contribution of project stakeholder: Haslina Binti Amer from Selangor Water Management Authority (LUAS). 9

9 Importance of Langat for environmental and resource flows Adapting to environmental changes: Lives must go on... Photo credit: LESTARI UKM (2015) 10

10 Risky business is not good we need a better plan. Photo credit: LESTARI UKM (2014) 11

11 Tea teh tarik anyone? Issue of dirty water jeopardising lifestyles & livelihoods in Langat Photo credit: LESTARI UKM (2004) 12

12 Dirty beaches represent dirty mind ~ lets be more ethical Rich vs poor. Photo credit: LESTARI UKM (2016) 13

13 Alternative sources of water overcoming shortage of water Photo credit: LUAS (2016) 14

14 Harmonising physical development and environmental consideration - Ecohydrology approach for better management Photo credit: Perbadanan Putrajaya (1999) 15

15 Federal State relationship for good governance Photo credit: LUAS (2016) 16

16 Looking at and thinking about the future can my grandson survive in the suffered planet?? what I ve done wrong? Photo credit: LESTARI UKM (2004) 17

17 18 Photo credit: Henares, I. A.S. (2008)

18 Rice Terraces of the Philippine Cordilleras The Rice Terraces of the Philippine Cordilleras, a UNESCO World Heritage List, was the first continuing, organically evolved cultural landscape, inscribed on the World Heritage List in The terraces illustrate a cooperative approach of the whole community and a persistence of cultural traditions which have been in use in the region for two millennia virtually unchanged, including a finely tuned annual system respecting lunar cycles, zoning and planning, extensive soil conservation, and mastery of a complex pest control regime based on the processing of a variety of herbs, accompanied by religious rituals. The site was selected as a UNESCO Sustainability Science demonstration site to apply sustainability science principles to this system in order to understand how the dangers of deforestation and climate change can be managed through community based approaches, and to identify solutions to maintain the rice terraces and cultural practices. Project partner: IH&MD Heritage Tourism Consultants Main contributors (in alphabetical order): Jose. T. Gullitiw (Vice Governor, Province of Ifugao), Ivan Anthony Henares (University of the Philippines), Joan Sheelah O. Nalliw (Indigenous People s Mandatory Representative in the Municipal of Mayoyao). 19

19 The Central Mayoyao Rice Terraces are one of the five clusters inscribed as part of the Rice Terraces of the Philippine Cordilleras World Heritage Site. Photo credit: Henares, I. A.S. (2008) 20

20 In Mayoyao, the rice terraces are recognized primarily for their capacity to provide rice as nourishment, and as a form of cultural identity. The capacity of the rice terraces to provide sustenance as a source of food is the urgent concern among the locals. Photo credit: Henares, I. A. S. (2008) 21

21 Due to changing preferences and influences from outside, the locals now seek modern living, such as rooms for individual members of the family. New structures have been constructed on the rice terraces, right beside traditional houses. Photo credit: Henares, I. A.S. (2008) 22

22 There has also been a trend towards abandoning traditional homes especially in higher areas, for new homes built along the roadside for easier accessibility. Due to the lack of zoning and development policies, unregulated construction continues in Mayoyao that leads to the destruction of the cultural landscape. Photo credit: Henares, I. A. S. (2008) 23

23 There are threats to the cultural identity of Mayoyao due to damages in the aesthetic quality of the landscape. Currently, modern houses and institutions made of non-indigenous materials are present in the rice terraces, and paved paths are found along the rice terraces. Conversion of rice paddies into residential land, or abandoned rice paddies in higher areas due to insufficient water supply, are also common problems found. Furthermore, rituals and traditions are rarely practiced. Photo credit: Henares, I. A.S. (2015) 24

24 As part of their envisioned future, the community wants to maintain the character of Mayoyao and way of life. In order to do that, the community must reorganize institutional management, enact development regulations, and ensure the continuous use of the rice terraces for several generations. Photo credit: Henares, I. A. S. (2008) 25

25 Photo credit: Rashid, T. (2016) 26

26 Improving Water Management at Siem Reap City and Tonle Sap Biosphere Reserve, Cambodia Due to excessive groundwater pumping under the city of Siem Reap, water pollution, periodic flooding and degraded ecosystems of Tonle Sap, there are emerging challenges to the stability of the Angkor World Heritage Site and its building foundations. These complex water and environmental management issues of World Heritage site, biosphere reserve, and urban management nexus were addressed using sustainability science approache in order to help restore and preserve Angkor World Heritage site s water management system. Project partner: APSARA (Authority for the Protection and Management of Angkor and the Region of Siem Reap) Main contributors (in alphabetical order): Philippe Delanghe (UNESCO Phnom Penh), Maria Iniguez De Heredia (UNESCO Phnom Penh), Long Kheng (Department of Freshwater Wetlands Conservation), and Chamroeun Sok (UNESCO Phnom Penh individual consultant). 27

27 Water is a Human Right; therefore, everyone is entitled to have access to safe and clean water. Photo credit: Sok, C. (2015) 28

28 The increasing consumption of water and water pollution are threatening accessibility of clean water and sites like this one are often too common. More awareness should therefore be raised on water consumption, proper waste management and pollution. Photo credit: Sok, C. (2016) 29

29 The villagers are currently collecting water from the rain and pumping water from the ground. On the other hand, tourism boom in Siem Reap increases water consumption, especially, the use of groundwater, knowing the negative impacts it has or could even have on the Angkor World Heritage temples. Are all those tourists conscious about the water situation in Siem Reap? Photo credit: Sok, C. (2015) 30

30 Improving the management of the water systems and the access to safe and clean water, could lead to the prosperity of the communities, sustainable fish and vegetables production, as well as livelihood improvement, including communities happiness and wellbeing. Photo credit: Rashid, T. (2016) 31

31 References Sok, C. (2016). Private collection. Rashid, T. (2016). Private collection. Sok, C. (2015). Private collection. McKay, J., Keremane, G., Gray, A. (2010). Picturing Fresh Water Justice in Rural Australia. IF Technologies Pty Ltd. Henares, I. A. S. (2008). Private collection. Perbadanan Putrajaya. (1999). Bird s Eye View of Presint [online image] available at pageid=311,509446,241_415033&_dad=portal&_schema=portal (accessed: 3 November 2016) Wang, C. C., & Burris, M. (1997). Photovoice: concept, methodology, and use for participatory needs assessment. Health Education & Behavior, 24(3): Elfithri, R., Mokhtar, M. B., Abdullah, M. P., Taha, M. R., Toriman, M. E., Yasin, R. M., Yaakub, J., Khirotdin, R. P. K., Sultan, M. M. A., Ishak, S. A., & Syafinaz Salleh Establishment of Sustainability Science Demonstration Pilot Project on Restoring and Managing Langat River, Malaysia for Future. Technical Report. Institute for Environment and Development (LESTARI). Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia. LESTARI UKM Project Collection/Activities. LESTARI UKM Project Collection/Field Visits. LESTARI UKM Project Collection/Field Visits. LESTARI UKM Project Collection/Field Visits. LUAS Project Collection/Activities. 32

32 For Further Reading Siem Reap Demonstration Site, Cambodia: Chamroeun Sok, Maria Iniguez Deheredia, Phillipe De Langhe Restoring and Enhancing Angkor World Heritage Site, Tonle Sap Biosphere Reserve and Siem Reap City Water Systems. UNESCO Phnom Penh, Cambodia. Ifugao Demonstration Site, Philippines: Ivan Anthony S. Henares, Roberto S. Soriano, Virginia J. Soriano, Richard Philip A. Gonzalo, Erickson L. Llaguno, and Kristine Mae C. Gotera The Establishment of a Sustainability Science Demonstration Pilot Project on the Rice Terraces of the Philippine Cordilleras. IH&MD Heritage+Tourism Consultants Company. Langat River Basin Demonstration Site, Malaysia: Rahmah Elfithri, Mazlin bin Mokhtar, Md. Pauzi Abdullah, Mohd. Raihan Taha, Mohd Ekhwan Toriman, Ruhizan Mohammad Yasin, Jasni Yaakub, Rd Puteri Khairani Khirotdin, Mohamad Mahathir Amir Sultan, Siti Amirah Ishak, Syafinaz Salleh Establishment of Sustainability Science Demonstration Pilot Project on Restoring and Managing Langat River, Malaysia for Future. Institute for Environment and Development (LESTARI). Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia. Siem Reap and Langkawi: Tahmina Rashid Developing Integrative Socio-environmental Approaches in Support of Effective Community Level Decision Making for Human Development and Environmental Sustainability in Sustainability Science Demonstration Sites. University of Canberra. Davao, Ifugao and Langat: Tahmina Rashid Improving Integrative Socio-environmental Approaches in Support of Effective Community Level Decision Making for Human Development and Environmental Sustainability in Sustainability Science Demonstration Sites. University of Canberra. 33

33 UNESCO Office, Jakarta Jl. Galuh II No. 5 Kebayoran Baru Jakarta Indonesia Tel : (62-21) Fax: (62-21) jakarta@unesco.org 36