Halimaton Saadiah Hashim, Ph.D Senior Fellow Institute for Environment & Development (LESTARI) Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM)

Transcription

1 Halimaton Saadiah Hashim, Ph.D Senior Fellow Institute for Environment & Development (LESTARI) Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM)

2 Presentation outline: 1. Why A21Sel? 2. About the A21Sel Project, Overview of A21Sel 4. Is A21Sel still relevant? 5. The Way Forward for A21Sel 2

3 Why A21Sel? 1. In 1998, Selangor A Developed State by 2005 was just around the corner - 15 years earlier than Malaysia! 2. There were many unsustainable development indicators in Selangor in the 1990 s 3. There was (is) no specific Malaysian sustainable development strategy in the form of Agenda 21 as recommended by the UN Agenda 21, although its principles have been embedded in the five-year Malaysia Plans 4. Need for an operational definition, principles, strategies and action plan to form a policy framework for Local Agenda 21 by local authorities and stakeholders in Selangor 5. Need for an Action Plan for Implementation of Sustainable Development to guide Selangor to be a sustainable developed state by 2005 and beyond

4 Why A21Sel?...Unsustainable development indicators in Selangor in the 1990 s Increasing geohazards Land slides, flash floods, sedimentation, river banks erosion, increasing sink holes Worsening air pollution Declining river water quality Extreme weather conditions 4

5 Why A21Sel?...Unsustainable development indicators in Selangor in the 1990 s Declining ethnic integration Need for national integration Declining moral behaviour Youths with low morals White collar crimes Money politics Weaknesses in the marriage institutions Materialistic values Individualistic values Religious fanatism Environmental deterioration Destruction and loss of natural resources Imbalance welfare between ethnic groups and urban-rural divide 5

6 DEVELOPMENT IMPACT ON THE ENVIRONMENT ENVIRONMENTALLY SENSITIVE AREAS Development has encroached on to environmentally sensitive areas, particularly in Petaling, Klang and Gombak districts MAIN CHALLENGE TOWARDS SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN SELANGOR 6

7 DEVELOPMENT IMPACT ON THE ENVIRONMENT River water quality All rivers are medium polluted or polluted, except Sg. Selangor Change of land use around Sg.Buloh and Sg. Klang have influenced the deterioration of water quality Sg. Buloh and Sg. Klang were categorised as polluted in

8 Development Goalsof Selangor as A Developed State HIGH QUALITY OF LIFE Community well-being (peaceful, healthy, comfortable, wealthy) Infrastructure and utility development Healthy and sustainable economy Adequate public facilities and services Urban and rural cleanliness Beautiful and tranquil landscapes Healthy and sustainable environments 8

9 The A21Sel project Initiated by the Selangor Town & Country Planning Department (JPBD Sel.) in 1998 Support by the Menteri Besar and State Secretary as well as approved and financed by the Selangor State Government in 1998 Institute for Environment and Development (LESTARI), UKM as TCPD Sel. s research partner and project collaborator ( ) Participation of and consultation with government agencies, local authorities, NGOs and private sector representatives

10 The A21Sel Project Goal: To realize Sel s commitment towards SD through the formulation of an implementation approach and enhancement of the capacity of state implementing agencies, local authorities, the private sector and local communities to pursue SD objectives Objectives: 1. Identify ESA status and devise guidelines 2. Prescribe strategies based on the UN Agenda 21, in accordance with local socio-economic conditions & resources 3. Formulate an action plan based on the Strategy for SD of Sel 4. Conduct pilot studies for the implementation of A21Sel 5. Devise guidelines for the implementation of A21Sel 6. Build the capacity of Sel state agencies, local authorities and local communities through networking and outreach activities

11 Selangor s commitment towards sustainable development, Building knowledgeable communities 2. Protecting the ecosystem health 3. Strengthening the economic foundation 4. Ensuring that natural resources are efficiently and sustainably exploited 5. Enhancing high productivity agricultural activities 6. Ensuring liveable settlements 7. Providing adequate infrastructure 8. Developing human resources 9. Public participation in planning and management 10. Integration of susttainable development principles 11

12 A21Sel The guiding documents Important project components/documents of A21Sel: 1. Selangor s Environmentally Sensitive Areas (ESAs) in Kawasan Sensitif Alam Sekitar (KSAS) Selangor, Sustainable Development Commitment in Iltizam Pembangunan Mampan Selangor, Selangor s Sustainable Development Strategy in Strategi Pembangunan Mampan Selangor, Selangor Agenda 21 in Agenda 21 Selangor, Guideline for the Implementation of A21Sel in Panduan Perlaksanaan Agenda 21 Selangor, A21Sel Selangor s Commitment Towards Sustainable Development in Agenda 21 Selangor Iltizam Selangor Ke Arah Pembangunan Mampan,

13 Doc 1: Selangor s ESAs (KSAS), 1999 Main objective: to identify Selangor s ESAs; suggest development strategies; & suggest development guideline policies Specific objectives: 1. To obtain an agreement on the concept and definition of ESAs 2. To inentorise the status of Sel s ESAs 3. To assess the status of development of ESAs & predict impacts 4. To introduce the concept of Integrated ESAs 5. To introduce strategies for development in & arounds ESAs 6. To prepare guidelines for the development of ESAs in Selangor 1. The Sel ESA Policy was approved by SPC in April 1999 & by the State EXCO in June 1999

14 Doc 2: Sel Sust Devt Strategy, 2000 Sel accepts UNCED s definition of SD Operational definitions were introduced based on the philosophy, requirement and approach of development currently taking place: development that requires a reformation of the economy that takes into serious account the impact of development on the environment, natural resources and society. development that is enduring, characterised by a philosophy of respecting the carrying capacity of natural resources, preserving the quality of the environment and ensuring the well-being of society.

15 Basic principles of Sel SD strategies 1. Principle of Holistic Approach: The framework for sustainable development is the foundation for decisionmaking processes in all sectors and at all levels of administration of development in Selangor 2. Principle of Integration: Planning for de velopment is effectuated in an integrated manner, taking into account the views of all stakeholders 3. Principle of Inter-relatedness: Development in one sector has a close relationship with development in others and this should always be taken into account in all development measures 4. Principle of Incremental Change: In planning, decisionmaking processes and implementation of development, all parties should make incremental changes according to carrying capacity and technology capability

16 Doc 3: A21Sel, 2001 Chap 1: Global, national and local sustainability scenario Chap 2-4: Cross-sector strategic action plan (economy, communities and environmental sustainability) Chap 5-7: Capaicty building strategic action pelan (governance, human resource development, public participation and accountability) Chap 8-11: Sectoral strategic action plan (industry, agriculture and rural, infrastructure and urban sustainability) Chap 12: Introduction to Sustainable Development Indicators (SDI) for implementation and monitoring Chap 13: A21Sel Implementation Management System 16

17 A21Sel: Strategic Action Plan for Sustainable Development 788 strategic actions for sustainable development of Selangor Suggested Lead implementors either Fed/State agency, state implementing agency, a local authority, private entity, NGO, community-based orgnization or the public. 17

18 TOTAL STRATEGIES & ACTIONS FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN SELANGOR SECTOR OF SUSTAINABILITY TOTAL STRATEGIES TOTAL ACTIONS Sustainable economies Susatainable society Sust environment & natural resources Governance Human Resource Devt Public participation & accountability 8 43 Sustainable industrialization Sustainable urbanization Sustainable infrastructure Sustainable agriculture & rural devt

19 SEL SUSTAINABLE DEVT UNIT Organizational Structure for Implementation of A21Sel SEL. SUST DEVT COUNCIL Chairman: Menteri Besar SEL. SUST DEVT STEERING COMMITTEE Chairman: State Secretary SUST. DEVELOPMENT IMPLEMENTING COMMITTEE Chairman: Deputy State Secretary Cross boundaries Coordinating Committee Technical Groups IMPLEMENTATION: Executing Agency at State Level, Local Authorities, Private Sector, Community Groups

20 Sustainable Development in Selangor Implementation of A21Sel through Local Agenda 21 (LA21) 20

21 IMPLEMENTATION OF A21Sel AGENDA 21 SELANGOR (Sustainable Development Action Pelan) AGENDA 21 (Fed & State Implementing Agencies) AGENDA 21 (Private Agencies) LOCAL AGENDA 21 (Local Authorities Sust Devt Action Pelan) AGENDA 21 (NGOs) 21

22 THINK GLOBAL ACT LOCAL (LOCAL AGENDA 21) A21Sel provides the global framework for Local Agenda 21 in Selangor 22

23 Implementors of Agenda 21 Selangor Implementation Level Federal/ State Implementing Agencies Local Authorities Swasta NGO CBO/ Public Providing Public Needs / / / Policy Makers & Implementors / / Planning / / / / / Implementors / / / / / 23

24 Decision making in S21Sel towards Sustainable Development Society-oriented decision-making process Actions towards poverty eradication and fringed groups in the society are priorities Environmental thresholds are respected Balance between cost-effectiveness and benefits are main considerations The planning process takes into consideration the longterm perspectives Stakeholders participation are in the main agenda 24

25 Is A21Sel still relevant?...yes! Q: Do the following unsustainable development indicators of the 1990s still exist? Increasing geohazards Land slides, flash floods, sedimentation, river banks erosion, increasing sink holes Worsening air pollution Declining river water quality Extreme weather conditions Weaknesses in the Declining ethnic integration Need for national integration Declining moral behaviour Youths with low morals Whike collar crimes Money politics marriage instituions Materialistic values Individualistic values Religious fanatism Environmental deterioration Destruction and loss of natural resources Imbalance welfare A1: The unsustainable development indicators of the 1990s do not only exist but are intensifying A2:The SD Global Agenda is of more concern A3: A21Sel is still relevant

26 The way forward for A21Sel 1. Implementing the organizational structure of A21Sel 2. Audit and monitor the implementation progress of 788-A21Sel strategic actions at the State level and review every 5 years 3. Audit and monitor the implementation of LA21 at the state level 4. Until there is the Selangor SD Council, institutionalise the A21Sel as a fixed dedicated agenda at the State Planning Committee Meetings 5. Implement the Sustainable Development and Sustainability Reporting System by all agencies, monitored by the Selangor SD Council or the State Planning Committee 6. Establish the Selangor SD Unit at the State Secretariat to coordinate the above

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