Tranquility in urban religious place

Transcription

1 Office Fax ASA 2012, Kansas city Tranquility in urban religious place 23 October 2012 In Hwan HWANG, Joo Young HONG and Jin Yong JEON Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea

2 2 Contents Tranquility in urban religious place Social surveys for church and temple gardens Evaluation of soundscapes using soundwalk method in religious places Summary

3 3 Tranquility in urban religious place A tranquil space in urban environment Technological revolution has failed to deliver relaxation to the human in urban life A quiet, peaceful and attractive place to get away from everyday life The Cathedral and the Buddhist temple in urban space (Duby, 1981; Lee, 2007) Tranquil components related to religious spatiality and soundscape qualities Differences of soundscape perceptions between Cathedral and Buddhist temple Factors affecting tranquility perception in urban religious place To explore differences of soundscape and tranquility due to the religious spatiality To investigate acoustical and spatial factors affecting tranquility in religious place

4 4 Spatial and religious characteristics of church gardens Functions of church gardens (Duby, 1981) Hilltop square as a center of urban The heart of urban life in the middle age Religious spatiality is limited to the inside Main gate with spire of the Cathedral is divided into secular and sacred places Public facilities Secular Sacred place Hilltop Square Main gate of the Cathedral The church garden as a square of the world The huge rising sense of stone gothic Cathedral Various social functions of the church garden Buffer space which prepares entry to the religious place Residential area Commercial area Church gardens : Religious square

5 5 Spatial and religious characteristics of temple gardens Building layout of the temple (Lee, 2007) Distinction between secular and sacred places Circulation system which ascends to the main building of a temple (DAEWOONGJEON) Religious spatiality of the Buddhist temple starts from the first door of a temple (ILJUMUN) The heart of a mountain Main building of the Temple DAEWOONGJEON Religious spatiality extend to the temple garden Limitation of the wooden-framed buildings : Extension to the external space Buddhist temple garden acts as a space for Buddhists spiritual retreat Temple gardens : Religious garden Water-space The first door of the Temple ILJUMUN Sacred place Secular

6 6 Myeong-dong Cathedral

7 7 Myeong-dong district Office area Office area Commercial & office area Myeong-dong Cathedral precincts

8 8 Bongeun Buddhist temple

9 9 Samseong-dong district Residence area Bongeunsa Buddhist Temple precincts Office area Office area COEX(Convention & Exhibition) Trading, commercial, office area

10 10 Social survey for religious gardens

11 11 Social surveys for church and temple gardens Construction of questionnaire Important functions of church and temple gardens Religious space Social events and activity Personal relaxation Important sound elements of church and temple gardens Bell sounds of church and temple Sounds of Mass and prayers and chant Silence for spiritual retreat Natural sounds Important spatial elements of church and temple gardens Scenery of surrounding Arrangements of Buildings Traditional architecture representing religion Garden sculptures Open space for holding events Space for gathering, friendship Space for personal relaxation Evaluation 5 pt. verbal scale 1. Not at all 2. Slightly 3. Moderately 4. Very 5. Completely Participants Church (84) / Temple (50)

12 12 Social surveys for church and temple gardens Important functions of religious gardens Religious functions Social functions

13 ** ** ** ** ** HANYANG UNIVERSITY 13 Social surveys for church and temple gardens Important soundscape elements (p<0.01) Religious sounds Natural sounds Social sounds

14 14 Social surveys for church and temple gardens Important landscape elements Religious elements Social elements

15 15 Evaluation of soundscape using soundwalk

16 16 Perceptual assessment of soundscapes using soundwalk Construction of questionnaire (Axelsson et al., 2010) Evaluation: 5 pt. verbal scale (1. Not at all, 2. Slightly, 3. Moderately, 4. Very, 5. Completely) Environment Tranquility Acoustic Visual Preference Landmark Sound quality Air quality Odor Luminous environment Maintenance Safety Overall preference SD method Peaceful Chaotic Still Messy Stressful Restful Calm Restless SD method Pleasant Chaotic Exciting Eventful Calm Annoying Uneventful Monotonous Acoustical preference Type of sound sources Traffic noise Natural sound Human noise Mechanical noise Other noise SD method Appealing Uninteresting Harmonious Complex Open Familiar Repulsive Interesting Closed Unfamiliar Simple Disharmonious Visual preference

17 17 Soundwalk evaluation in church gardens Site 2 Site 1 Measurement Binaural recording 5 minutes Subjective evaluation Questionnaire survey Site 3 Date November 2011 Participants 23 subjects (20s ~ 50s) Site 5 Site 4

18 18 Acoustical parameters in church gardens Calculation of acoustic parameters (3 min) Location L Aeq L Amax L A90 L A10 -L A90 N N 90 N 10 -N Correlation between acoustic parameters and subjective responses L Aeq L Amax L A90 L A10 -L A90 N N 90 N 10 -N 90 Overall impression -0.67** -0.58** -0.69** -0.45** -0.64** -0.69** -0.58** Tranquility -0.85** -0.71** -0.86** -0.61** -0.85** -0.87** -0.80** Acoustic comfort -0.65** -0.51** -0.71** -0.37** -0.68** -0.72** -0.62**

19 19 Factor analysis Soundscape perception of church gardens Explained variance (%) Tranquility Sound environment Visual environment Tranquility Pleasantness Eventfulness Pleasantness Enclosure Interestingness Multiple regression (R 2 = 0.90) Dependent variable : Tranquility Acoustic factors Visual factors Independent variable Unstandardized Coefficient Standardized Coefficient t p R square Pleasantness Eventfulness Pleasantness Enclosure Interestingness ** ** ** * * p< 0.05 **p < **

20 20 Soundwalk evaluation in temple gardens Site 5 Measurement Binaural recording 5 minutes Site 6 Site 4 Subjective evaluation Questionnaire survey Site 3 Site 2 Site 1 Date August 2012 Participants 30 subjects (20s ~ 50s)

21 21 Acoustical parameters in temple gardens Calculation of acoustic parameters (3 min) Location L Aeq L Amax L A90 L A10 -L A90 N N 90 N 10 -N Correlation between acoustic parameters and subjective responses L Aeq L Amax L A90 L A10 -L A90 L Ceq -L Aeq N N 90 N 10 -N 90 Overall impression -0.77** -0.58** -0.80** -0.30** ** -0.81** -0.67** Tranquility -0.83** -0.67** -0.85** -0.33** 0.16* -0.84** -0.84** -0.71** Acoustic comfort -0.78** -0.59** -0.78** -0.39** 0.18* -0.77** -0.75** -0.71**

22 22 Factor analysis Soundscape perception in temple gardens Explained variance (%) Tranquility Sound environment Visual environment Tranquility Pleasantness Eventfulness Pleasantness Enclosure Interestingness Multiple regression (R 2 = 0.85) Dependent variable : Tranquility * p< 0.05 **p < 0.01 Acoustic factors Visual factors Independent variable Unstandardized Coefficient Standardized Coefficient t p R square Pleasantness Eventfulness Pleasantness Enclosure Interestingness ** ** ** ** ** 0.85**

23 23 Sound and visual factors of religious gardens Soundscape perception Landscape perception

24 24 Summary The Cathedral and the Buddhist temple gardens in urban space Functions related religious activities and relaxation were important. Soundscape elements in temple gardens are more important than those of church gardens. Factors affecting tranquility perception in urban religious place Main effects of acoustical pleasantness and eventfulness were significant. Contribution of visual pleasantness and sense of enclosure were significant. The temple garden is more tranquil than the church garden in terms of sound and visual characteristics.