European Integration and the Atlantic Community in the 1980s

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1 European Integration and the Atlantic Community in the 1980s This unique collection of essays lays the groundwork for the study of the intersection of European integration and transatlantic relations in the 1980s. With archives for this period only recently opened, scholars are beginning to analyze and understand what some have called an apogee of the European project and others have called the second Cold War. How do these moments intersect and relate to one another? These essays, by prominent scholars from Europe and the United States, examine this and related questions while challenging conventional chronologies. Kiran Klaus Patel is Professor of European and Global History at Maastricht University. He is the author, among other works, of Soldiers of Labor: Labor Service in Nazi Germany and New Deal America (Cambridge 2005) and coeditor of The United States and Germany During the 20th Century: Competition and Convergence (Cambridge 2010) and of Europeanization in the Twentieth Century: Historical Approaches (2010). Kenneth Weisbrode is Assistant Professor of History at Bilkent University. He is the author of On Ambivalence (2012) and The Atlantic Century (2009), and coeditor of The Paradox of a Global USA (2007).

3 European Integration and the Atlantic Community in the 1980s Edited by KIRAN KLAUS PATEL Maastricht University KENNETH WEISBRODE Bilkent University

4 32 Avenue of the Americas, New York, ny , usa Cambridge University Press is part of the University of Cambridge. It furthers the University s mission by disseminating knowledge in the pursuit of education, learning, and research at the highest international levels of excellence. Information on this title: / Cambridge University Press 2013 This publication is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception and to the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take place without the written permission of Cambridge University Press. First published 2013 Printed in the United States of America A catalog record for this publication is available from the British Library. Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data European integration and the Atlantic community in the 1980s / [edited by] Kiran Klaus Patel, Kenneth Weisbrode. pages cm Includes bibliographical references. isbn (hardback) 1. Europe Relations United States. 2. United States Relations Europe. 3. European federation History 20th century. 4. European Economic Community countries History 20th century. 5. United States Foreign relations United States Economic policy Europe Politics and government 20th century. 8. Europe Economic conditions 20th century. 9. National security United States History 20th century. 10. National security Europe History 20th century. I. Patel, Kiran Klaus. II. Weisbrode, Kenneth. d1065.u5e dc isbn Hardback Cambridge University Press has no responsibility for the persistence or accuracy of urls for external or third-party Internet Web sites referred to in this publication and does not guarantee that any content on such Web sites is, or will remain, accurate or appropriate.

5 Contents List of contributors Editors Note page vii ix 1. Introduction: Old Barriers, New Openings 1 Kiran Klaus Patel and Kenneth Weisbrode 2. The Unnoticed Apogee of Atlanticism? U.S. Western European Relations during the Early Reagan Era 17 N. Piers Ludlow 3. More Cohesive, Still Divergent: Western Europe, the United States, and the Madrid CSCE Follow-Up Meeting 39 Angela Romano 4. The Deal of the Century: The Reagan Administration and the Soviet Pipeline 59 Ksenia Demidova 5. Poland s Solidarity as a Contested Symbol of the Cold War: Transatlantic Debates after the Polish Crisis 83 Robert Brier 6. The European Community and the Paradoxes of U.S. Economic Diplomacy: The Case of the IT and Telecommunications Sectors 105 Arthe Van Laer 7. The European Community and International Reaganomics, Duccio Basosi v

6 vi Contents 8. Did Transatlantic Drift Help European Integration? The Euromissiles Crisis, the Strategic Defense Initiative, and the Quest for Political Cooperation 154 Philipp Gassert 9. A Transatlantic Security Crisis? Transnational Relations between the West German and the U.S. Peace Movements, Holger Nehring 10. Reviving the Transatlantic Community? The Successor Generation Concept in U.S. Foreign Affairs, 1960s 1980s 201 Giles Scott-Smith 11. The Relaunching of Europe in the Mid-1980s 226 Antonio Varsori 12. A Shift in Mood: The 1992 Initiative and Changing U.S. Perceptions of the European Community, Mark Gilbert 13. France, the United States, and NATO: Between Europeanization and Re-Atlanticization, Frédéric Bozo 14. Afterword 285 Kenneth Weisbrode and Kiran Klaus Patel Index 291

7 Contributors Duccio Basosi is Assistant Professor of the History of International Relations and History of North America at Ca Foscari University. Frédéric Bozo is Professor at the Sorbonne Nouvelle (University of Paris III), where he teaches contemporary history and international relations. Robert Brier is a research fellow at the German Historical Institute in Warsaw. Ksenia Demidova holds a Ph.D. in contemporary history from the European University Institute in Florence and presently is a full-time MBA participant at Vlerick Business School. Philipp Gassert is Professor of Transatlantic Cultural History at the University of Augsburg. Mark Gilbert is Resident Professor of History and International Studies at the Johns Hopkins School for Advanced International Studies, Bologna. N. Piers Ludlow is a reader in international history at the London School of Economics. Holger Nehring is a reader in contemporary European history at the University of Sheffield. Kiran Klaus Patel is Professor of European and Global History at Maastricht University. Angela Romano is affiliated with the International History Department at the London School of Economics, where she has been Marie Curie Fellow since vii

8 viii List of contributors Giles Scott-Smith is Professor of Diplomatic History of Atlantic Cooperation at Leiden University. Arthe Van Laer is a lecturer in the History Department of the University of Louvain-la-Neuve and in the Faculty of Economics, Social Sciences, and Business Administration of the University of Namur as well as a teacher at the college SC Charleroi. Antonio Varsori is Professor of History of International Relations and head of the Department of Politics, Law, and International Studies at the University of Padua. Kenneth Weisbrode is Assistant Professor of History at Bilkent University.

9 Editors Note This book originated from a conference held at the European University Institute in May Participants at the conference included Graham Avery, Stefano Bartolini, Duccio Basosi, Frédéric Bozo, David Buchan, Edwina Campbell, Gabriele D Ottavio, Ksenia Demidova, Aurélie Gfeller, Mark Gilbert, Friedrich Kratochwil, N. Piers Ludlow, Kiran Klaus Patel, Antonio Costa Pinto, Matthias Schulz, Giles Scott-Smith, Angela Romano, Federico Romero, Nuno Severiano Teixeira, Marten van Heuven, Kenneth Weisbrode, and Christian Wenkel. The editors are grateful to them and to the EUI s Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies, which sponsored the conference; to the Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences of Maastricht University for its support; and to the anonymous peer reviewers and editors at Cambridge University Press for their many helpful suggestions. ix

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