Standpipe Systems for Fire Protection

Transcription

1 Standpipe Systems for Fire Protection

2 Kenneth E. Isman Standpipe Systems for Fire Protection

3 Kenneth E. Isman University of Maryland College Park, MD, USA ISBN DOI / ISBN (ebook) Library of Congress Control Number: Springer International Publishing AG 2017 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. Printed on acid-free paper This Springer imprint is published by Springer Nature The registered company is Springer International Publishing AG The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland

4 Preface There have been very few books written about standpipe systems in the 150-year history of water-based fire protection system design. In 1976, Dr. John Bryan published the first edition of his book, Automatic Sprinkler and Standpipe Systems. This book was an important step forward because it was the first book to dedicate significant space to the subject. But half of the book was dedicated to fire sprinkler systems, so there was not enough space in the book to get into some of the more complicated issues involved in standpipe system design. Over the years, Dr. Bryan s book was updated with more information, but it still did not have the space to tackle the real complex issues. At the same time, standpipe systems were evolving and more codes and standards organizations were getting involved in writing their own requirements, which are sometimes contradictory. The time has come for a book dedicated to standpipe systems and nothing else so that all of the complicated issues can be discussed. This book pulls together all of the requirements for standpipe systems that can be found in the International Building Code, the International Fire Code, NFPA 14, NFPA 20, and NFPA 25 and attempts to make sense of them. In the situations where the requirements from one document contradict the rules of another, the hierarchy will be presented so that the reader will be able to determine which requirement is the one that needs to be followed. The life cycle of standpipe systems will be covered from beginning to end. The book opens with basic information on what standpipe systems are and a short history of standpipe systems. It continues with design information and special considerations for high-rise buildings and pressure control concerns. The book will wrap up with a discussion of how to conduct the acceptance tests for a new standpipe system and how to care for an existing standpipe system with periodic inspection, testing, and maintenance. College Park, MD Kenneth E. Isman v

5 Acknowledgements First and foremost, I need to thank my wife, Joan, for putting up with me and this project, which took much longer than I thought it would. She never complained, even when we ended up cancelling summer plans so that I would have more time to write. Thanks to Paul Drougas at Springer who believed in this project from the beginning. Not only did he encourage the work, but he also made great suggestions for improvement and even provided a photo for one of the chapters when he stumbled on a situation days after we had discussed including something like it in the book. This proves that he was paying attention and really cared enough to take the picture and pass it on, and for that, I am grateful. Nicholas Zielinski is a student in Fire Protection Engineering at the University of Maryland who proofread all of the chapters of this book for me. He found my mistakes, improved the text, and made sure that the figures and examples make sense. Thanks for his dedication and help. Finally, thanks to Marshmallow, Contee, 2K, and Nicholas who kept me company while I was working and helped me keep pushing this project forward. vii

6 Contents 1 Introduction to Standpipe Systems... 1 History of Standpipe Systems... 1 What Are Standpipes?... 3 What Makes a Standpipe System?... 4 How Do Firefighters Use Standpipes?... 6 What Kinds of Buildings Need Standpipes? Installation Rules Standby Hose Stations Connected to Sprinkler Systems Temporary Standpipe Systems During Construction and Demolition References Types and Classes of Standpipe Systems Types of Standpipe Systems Automatic Wet Standpipe Systems Automatic Dry Standpipe Systems Semiautomatic Dry Standpipe Systems Manual Wet Standpipe Systems Manual Dry Standpipe Systems Classification of Standpipe Systems Class I Standpipe Systems Class II Standpipe Systems Class III Standpipe Systems Vertical and Horizontal Standpipes Buildings Required to Have Standpipes IBC/IFC Requirements Standpipes Required Based on Building Height Standpipes for Assembly Occupancies Stages Shopping Malls Underground Buildings Heliports ix

7 x Contents Marinas Buildings Under Construction or Demolition NFPA 101 Requirements for Standpipe Systems NFPA 5000 Requirements for Standpipe Systems Installation Rules for Hose Connections Location of Class I Hose Connections Outlets in Exit Stairwells Outlets at Horizontal Exits Outlets in Exit Passageways Outlets in Covered Mall Buildings Outlets on Roofs Outlets Based on Travel Distance Outlets and ADA Special IBC Rules Location of Class II Hose Connections Location of Class III Hose Connections Hose Connections on Sprinkler Systems That Are Not Standpipes Test Yourself Installation Requirements for the Rest of the Standpipe System Pipe and Fittings: Above Ground Interconnection of Standpipes Control Valves Check Valves Waterflow Alarms Drains Fire Department Connections Gauges Pipe: Underground Special Considerations for Dry Systems Considerations for Automatic Dry Systems Considerations for Semiautomatic Dry Systems Considerations for Manual Dry Systems Signs Special IBC Rules Test Yourself Hydraulic Calculation of Standpipe Systems Basic Terminology and Concepts Calculation of Class I and Class III Systems Flow Demand Pressure Demand Duration Demand Putting It All Together Class II Systems

8 Contents xi Calculations for Manual Systems Special IBC Rules for Shopping Malls (See ) Hose Connections on Sprinkler Systems That Are Not Standpipes Test Yourself Combined Sprinkler/Standpipe Systems Layout of Pipes and Equipment Variations Depending on Floor Landing of Standpipe Installation Sprinkler Systems Fed by Multiple Standpipes Variations in Hydraulic Calculations Sprinkler Systems with Standby Hose Stations Test Yourself Pressure Control in Standpipe Systems Minimum Pressure Maximum Pressure Devices that Control and Restrict Pressure Master Pressure Reducing Valve Assemblies Drain Risers Examples Needing Pressure Regulating Devices First Example Second Example Third Example Vertical Zones Test Yourself Pumps and Standpipe Systems Basics of Fire Pumps Selecting the Right Size Fire Pump Step-by-Step Process for Selecting a Pump Pump Selection Example Variable Speed Pumps Using a Pump with Multiple Water Supplies at Different Suction Pressures Multiple Vertical Zones Test Yourself High Rise Buildings Regular High Rise Buildings Rules from NFPA Rules from NFPA Rules from the IBC Merging Rules for Regular High Rise Buildings Super High Rise Buildings NFPA 14 Rules for Super High Rise Buildings NFPA 20 Rules for Super High Rise Buildings

9 xii Contents IBC Rules for Super High Rise Buildings Putting the Super High Rise Building Rules Together Test Yourself Hanging, Bracing and Protection of System Piping Hanging and Support of Standpipe Systems General Support Rules Use of Listed Materials Trapeze Hangers Hanging Horizontal Pipe Supporting Vertical Pipe Seismic Design Considerations Flexibility and Clearance Bracing of Horizontal Standpipe Piping Bracing of Vertical Standpipe Piping Protection of Piping from Mechanical Damage and Fire Protection of Piping from Freezing Protection of Piping from Corrosion Test Yourself Horizontal Standpipes and Lateral Piping Branch Lines Horizontal Standpipes Protection of Horizontal Standpipes and Branch Lines Test Yourself Acceptance Testing of Standpipes Acceptance Tests for Underground Pipe and Equipment Flush Test of Underground Hydrostatic Test of Underground Other Underground Acceptance Tests Underground Test Certificate Acceptance Tests for Aboveground Pipe and Equipment Hydrostatic Test of Aboveground Piping Flow Tests Pressure Regulating Devices Other Acceptance Tests Plans, Drawings and Reports Test Yourself Periodic Inspection, Testing and Maintenance Inspection Requirements for Standpipe Systems Testing Requirements for Standpipe Systems Main Drain Test Waterflow Alarms Control Valves and Supervisory Switches Automatic and Semiautomatic Dry Systems

10 Contents xiii Pressure Reducing Valves Backflow Preventers Hydrostatic Tests Flow Tests Gauges Hose Maintenance Requirements for Standpipe Systems Internal Inspection and Flushing of Systems Assessing Internal Conditions Obstruction Investigations Ice Obstructions Impairment Program and Procedures Records of Inspection, Testing and Maintenance Test Yourself Solutions to Test Yourself Exercises Answers to Test Yourself Questions for Chap Answers to Test Yourself Questions for Chap Answers to Test Yourself Questions in Chap Answers to Test Yourself Questions in Chap Answers to Test Yourself Questions in Chap Answers to Test Yourself Questions in Chap Answers to Test Yourself Questions in Chap Answers to Test Yourself Questions in Chap Answers to Test Yourself Questions in Chap Answers to Test Yourself Questions in Chap Answers to Test Yourself Questions in Chap

11 About the Author Beginning in the fall of 2014, Kenneth E. Isman became a Clinical Professor at the University of Maryland in the Fire Protection Engineering Department, where he teaches classes in fire protection systems design and life safety analysis. He holds a Bachelor of Science degree in Fire Protection Engineering and a Master of Science in Management, both from the University of Maryland. He is a Licensed Professional Engineer in the State of Connecticut and has been inducted as a Fellow of the Society of Fire Protection Engineers. Mr. Isman has been a member of more than 15 committees of the NFPA responsible for most of the water-based fire protection system and life safety documents since He also served on several committees of the American Water Works Association, developing recommended practices for backflow connection and crossconnection control. Prior to coming to the University of Maryland, Mr. Isman worked for 28 years in the Engineering Department of the National Fire Sprinkler Association (NFSA), where he started as the Manager of Codes and Education and was consistently promoted over the years until he reached the position of Vice President of Engineering, which he held for 8 years. While with the NFSA, he served as the Secretary of the Engineering and Standards Committee, where he represented the interests of the fire sprinkler industry to influence changes to NFPA 14 and better define the process of designing and installing standpipe systems for fire protection. A noted author and lecturer, Mr. Isman has written a number of publications for the NFSA, NFPA, and SFPE, including: The textbook Layout, Detail and Calculation of Fire Sprinkler Systems Pumps for Fire Protection Systems Chapters of the NFPA Fire Protection Handbook A chapter of the SFPE Handbook of Fire Protection Engineering He has served as an international speaker at more than 500 seminars and workshops on fire protection systems design. xv