Historical Urban Landscape

Transcription

1 Historical Urban Landscape

2 Gábor Sonkoly Historical Urban Landscape

3 Gábor Sonkoly Eötvös Loránd University of Budapest Budapest, Hungary ISBN ISBN (ebook) DOI / Library of Congress Control Number: The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s) 2017 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are solely and exclusively licensed by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. Cover image Nick Norman / National Geographic / Getty Printed on acid-free paper This Palgrave Macmillan imprint is published by Springer Nature The registered company is Springer International Publishing AG The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland

4 Acknowledgments My research was hosted by institutions to which I am extremely grateful, and enriched by friends and colleagues to whom I am greatly indebted. It was at the Institut d Études Avancées of Paris, an ideal haven for study and writing, that I could commence this book, and my home university, the Eötvös Loránd University of Budapest, granted me a sabbatical semester to accomplish it. Without those peaceful periods, it would have been very hard indeed to realize this analysis. Thanks to my fellow professors at the Atelier Department for European Social Sciences and Historiography I could enjoy the certainty that everybody is replaceable, which is a most reassuring feeling. I express my gratitude to Olivier Bouin for coaching me with care, friendship, and wisdom. During the years of my research, I received a great deal of intellectual inspiration and support in the somewhat loosely defined fields connecting Social Sciences and Cultural Heritage, for which I would like to offer my sincere thanks to Isabelle Anatole-Gabriel, Isabelle Backouche, Maria Elena Barral, Ana Carolina Bierrenbach, Dorothee Brantz, Esteban Buch, Christina Cameron, Gábor Czoch, Péter Erdo si, Tamás Fejérdy, Ana Fernandes, François Hartog, Dominique Ionga-Prat, Rohit Jigyasu, Bruno Karsenti, Luda Klusaková, Zoltán Krasznai, Sabina Loriga, Melania Nucifora, Marie- Vic Ozouf-Marignier, Jacek Purchla, Kapil Raj, Jacques Revel, Joan Roca, Mechtild Rössler, Gino Satta, Gábor Soós, Philipp Ther, Laurier Turgeon, Nicole Valois, Nicolas Verdier, and Rosemary Wakeman. My thanks also go to Christopher Ryan for his valuable suggestions regarding the language of the text, and especially to my editors at Palgrave Macmillan, Kristin Purdy and Jessie Wheeler, for having steered me through the production process. v

5 Contents 1 Introduction 1 2 The History of Historic Urban Landscape 9 3 Vienna and The Vienna Memorandum 77 4 History and Cultural Heritage Conclusion 145 References 169 Index 183 vii

6 List of Abbreviations CDC CLUSHT CUD HUL IUCH IUCHMP LUH SC VI Community-driven Conservation Community-led Urban Strategies in Historic Town Comprehensive (Urban) Development Historic Urban Landscape Intangible Urban Cultural Heritage Integrated (Urban) Cultural Heritage Management Plan Living (Urban) Heritage Sustainable City Visual Integrity ix

7 List of Figures Fig. 3.1 Fig. 3.2 Fig. 3.3 Fig. 3.4 Number of recognitions of World Heritage Sites in the Europe and North America Unit of UNESCO in periods of five years 80 Number of UNESCO World Heritage Commission reports on the seven cities per year (reports on Vienna in dark grey) 88 Number of threats mentioned in UNESCO World Heritage Commission reports on the seven cities per year (threats to Vienna in dark grey) 89 Urban programs ( practices ) acknowledged by the UN-Habitat Programme in Vienna per year 97 xi

8 List of Tables Table 4.1 Opposing History and cultural heritage by perception of time 131 Table 4.2 Opposing History and cultural heritage by their ideological/ theoretical content 132 Table 4.3 Opposing History and cultural heritage by the role of the historian/expert 133 Table 4.4 Parallel evolution of History and cultural heritage 135 Table 5.1 Contemporary urban heritage conservation and management notions 154 xiii