Archaeological Desk-based Assessment of land at ELMGROVE ROAD, COTHAM, BRISTOL. for Skanska UK Plc

Transcription

1 Archaeological Desk-based Assessment of land at ELMGROVE ROAD, COTHAM, BRISTOL. for Skanska UK Plc Report No. 2791/2012 BHER No By Simon Roper Bristol and Region Archaeological Services St. Nicholas Church, St. Nicholas Street, Bristol, BS1 1UE. Tel: (0117)

2 Archaeological Desk-based Asseassment of land at ELMGROVE ROAD, COTHAM, BRISTOL. Centred on N.G.R. ST Client: Skanska UK Plc Author: e Approved by: Simon Roper John Bryant Signature: Date Issued: 11 January 2013 St.Nicholas Church, St.Nicholas Street, Bristol BS1 1UE. Tel: (0117)

3 CONTENTS Summary List of Illustrations 1. Introduction Methodology Historical Context Cartographic & Photographic Evidence 5 5. Archaeological Evidence Discussion Consultant s Advice References & Sources Consulted Acknowledgements Appendix 1: Policy Statement Illustrations and Plates Abbreviations AD Anno Domini DCLG Department for Communities and Local Government aod Above Ordnance Datum DCMS Department for Culture Media and Sport BaRAS Bristol & Region Archaeological Services EH English Heritage BC Before Christ Km Kilometre BCC Bristol City Council m Metre BCL Bristol Central Library NGR National Grid Reference BHER Bristol Historic Environment Record NPPF National Planning Policy Framework BRO Bristol Record Office OASIS Online Access to the Index of Archaeological Investigations BGS British Geological Survey OS Ordnance Survey c Circa PRN Primary Record Number NOTE Notwithstanding that Bristol and Region Archaeological Services have taken reasonable care to produce a comprehensive summary of the known and recorded archaeological evidence, no responsibility can be accepted for any omissions of fact or opinion, however caused. January, COPYRIGHT NOTICE:- Bristol and Region Archaeological Services retain copyright of this report under the Copyrights, Designs and Patents Act, 1988, and have granted a licence to Skanska UK Plc and their agents to use and reproduce the material contained within, once settlement of our account has been received. Plans reproduced from the Ordnance Survey mapping with the permission of the Controller of Her Majesty's Stationery Office Crown copyright. Unauthorised reproduction infringes Crown copyright and may lead to prosecution or civil proceedings. Bristol City Council, Licence Number LA090551, 2012.

4 SUMMARY Bristol and Region Archaeological Services were commissioned by Skanska to undertake an archaeological desk-based assessment for land at Elmgrove Road, Cotham, Bristol. It is proposed to construct a satellite site for the existing nearby Colston Primary School. The study area consists of a vacant plot, with a Pennant sandstone rubble wall and a line of mature trees on the north-east and north-west sides. The plot has examples of smaller trees; brambles cover much of the site. It is likely that the study area was agricultural land during the medieval and post-medieval periods, this was certainly the case in the 19th century. The study area remained largely unchanged for most of the 19th century until the 1870s when the line of Elmgrove Road was put in and a large villa constructed in the centre of the study area. The only significant addition to the site after this time is a row of garages in the south-western half of the site in The site remains largely unchanged until the late 20th century when the villa, garages and neighbouring property No. 19 Elmgrove Road are demolished. Very little previous archaeological work has been carried out in the immediate vicinity of the study area, and that which has found no archaeological remains. All the local entries in the Historic Environment Record identify sites that are no later than the 18th century. It is possible that the remains of the 19th century villa may be present in the centre of the study area. The archaeological potential of the study area as a whole is limited.

5 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Figures Figure 1: Figure 2: Figure 3: Figure 4: Figure 5: Figure 6: Figure 7: Figure 8: Figure 9: Figure 10: Figure 11: Figure 12: Figure 13: Figure 14: Location plan, scale 1:2000, and extent of study area, with plate directions Extract from Sturge s 1825 Map (BRO) Extract from Westbury-on-Trym Tithe Map 1841 (BRO) Extract from Ashmead s 1854 Plan (BRO) Extract from Redland & Cotham: plan of the lands of the Trustees of J. E. Baillie Esq (BRO) Extract from Ashmead s 1874 Plan (BRO) Extract from First Edition Ordnance Survey plan (1:500) published 1882, surveyed 1881 (BRO) Extract from 1916 Edition Ordnance Survey plan (1: 2500) revised 1913 (BRO) Plan and section of proposed drainage for a villa to be built by Mr Coates at the junction of Elmgrove Road and Redland Road 1870 (BRO) Plan of proposed meeting hall addition to the villa 1920 (BRO) Plan of proposed garages location 1930 (BCC) Plan of ground floor as existing of the villa from plans for the conversion of the building into two flats 1930 (BCC) Location plans of Bristol HER monuments entries Location plans of Bristol HER events entries Plates Cover: Plate 1: Plate 2: Plate 3: Plate 4: Plate 5: View of the site and boundary wall from Redland Road, looking south Section of partially collapsed boundary wall, looking north-west Mature trees alongside north-east section of the boundary wall, looking north-west View across the middle of the site, looking south-west Remnant of a garden feature, edge of a path or flowerbed, looking west Remains of a formal pond, looking north-west

6 1. INTRODUCTION & CURRENT USE 1.1 Bristol and Region Archaeological Services were commissioned by Skanska to undertake an archaeological desk-based assessment for land at Elmgrove Road, Cotham, Bristol (NGR ST ) (Fig. 1). It is proposed to construct a satellite site for the existing nearby Colston Primary School. 1.2 The study area is situated within Cotham, on the corner of Elmgrove Road and Redland Road, 100m north-west of Cotham Brow. It is located within the Cotham and Redland Conservation Area. No scheduled ancient monuments or listed buildings are either on the site or within the immediate environs. The former churches (Mount Zion Primary School and Elmgrove Centre), located to the south-east and north-west respectively, are however identified as community and cultural landmarks within the Cotham and Redland Conservation Area Character Apprasial (2011). 1.3 On plan, the study area is an irregular shape (Fig. 1) with an entrance off Elmgrove Road to the north-west (Cover). The north-west and north-east flanks of the study area are bounded by Elmgrove Road and Redland Road respectively. The south-west side of the study area is bounded by the modern small service road Elmgrove Park which leads to a car park that flanks the study area along part of its south-east side. Most of the south-east side is flanked by Christ Church, now in use as Mount Zion Primary School. 1.4 The study area consists of a vacant plot, with a Pennant Sandstone rubble wall on the northeast and north-west sides, part of which has collapsed on the north-west side (Plate 1). Wooden fencing forms the boundary on the south-west side and more recent mixed walling on the south-east side. A number of mature trees are located around the north-west and north-east sides of the site (Plate 2) with smaller examples present across the site (Plate 3), with brambles covering much of the site. No masonry associated with the 19th-century villa or later buildings was observed, however the remnants of two probable garden features were observed. The first is stonework edging to either a flower bed or path located on the northwest side of the site near the current entrance (Plate 4). The second is the remnant of a pond located on the south-west side of the site (Plate 5). 1.5 The geology in the immediate environs of the study area comprises red-brown weathered Triassic sandstone of the Mercia Mudstone Group, overlain in places with a purple-red Keuper Marl (Geological Survey Map of England and Wales 1956). The study area lies at c 35m aod, and slopes upwards to the south-west to c 40m aod. BaRAS Report No. 2791/2012 Land at Elmgrove Road, Cotham, Bristol. BHER

7 2. METHODOLOGY 2.1 The study was undertaken in accordance with criteria set out in the Institute for Archaeologists Standard and Guidance for Historic Environment Desk-Based Assessment (revised 2012). 2.2 Selected material from the holdings of the Bristol Record Office, Bristol Central Library and Brunel House were consulted. All information considered appropriate to the study was collated, summarised and presented in the following report. All photocopies, Mss copies and notes, including photographs, are preserved in the Project Archive to be retained at BaRAS s premises at St Nicholas Church, Bristol. A copy of the report is to be lodged at the English Heritage Archives, Swindon. 2.3 A visit to the study area was made by Simon Roper of Bristol and Region Archaeological Services on 20th December Photographs (see Plates 1-5 & Cover) and rough notes were taken during the visit. 2.4 A search of the Local Authority s HER was carried out by Pete Insole of Bristol City Council on behalf of BaRAS, with the results incorporated into this report. The project has been referenced under the Bristol Historic Environment Record as: BHER and the Online Access to the Index of Archaeological Investigations (OASIS) no. bristola BaRAS Report No. 2791/2012 Land at Elmgrove Road, Cotham, Bristol. BHER

8 3. HISTORICAL CONTEXT General 3.1 The study area lies within the historic parish of Westbury-on-Trym, to the south of the Severn Beach Railway Line. Historically Redland and Cotham were part of the county of Gloucestershire until 1835 when they were incorporated into the administrative boundaries of the expanding city and county of Bristol. Cotham has existed as a place-name for the last two centuries; an earlier form was Cod-downe or Quoddown. Historical Background 3.2 No prehistoric activity has been identified either on the site or in its immediate vicinity, and there are no known prehistoric finds. The earliest indications of human activity within the wider local area comprise Bronze Age barrows identified at Horfield and Southmead, a series of earthworks at Clifton Camp believed to be Iron Age in date and Iron Age fields on Clifton Down. 3.3 Pottery from the Romano-British period has been found in the Redland Court area, however, there is no concentration of the finds, and Ellis (1893) refers to sherds sparingly distributed across the Redland Court estate. The route of the Roman road between Aquae Sulis (modern Bath) and the port of Abonae (modern Sea Mills) is thought to have followed the present line of Elm Lane/Lower Redland Road/Redland Road, although it has not yet been successfully identified. 3.4 In the Saxon period the study area, including Westbury and Henbury, was in Brentry Hundred. Before the end of the 7th century AD a church had been established at Henbury, and by 717 a monastery had followed at Westbury. Before the end of the 8th century Westbury, including Cotham, belonged to Offa, King of Mercia. In 824 the monastery was confirmed to Worcester, and in c 960 the first purely Benedictine monastery in England was established at Westbury by Bishop Oswald of Worcester. 3.5 In the Domesday Book of 1086 Westbury was assessed at 50 hides, which had also been the case at the time of the Conquest in Although Cotham was not specifically named in Domesday, Stoke (Stoke Bishop) was, giving its name to the tithing in which Cotham lay. Bishop Wulfstan restored the monastery at Westbury in 1093, which was again re-established in Towards the close of the 12th century a college of priests was established at Westbury, rebuilt from c 1455, and this establishment continued until it was surrendered in Cotham and Redland belonged to the college, which itself was run by the Bishop of Worcester, the diocese extending all the way down to Bristol. By 1229 the Abbey of Tewkesbury was administering the land on behalf of Worcester, through its daughter priory of St. James, Bristol. 3.6 Due to the dissolution of the monasteries the lands of the college were sold to Sir Ralph Sadleir in 1544, including Cotham. Sadleir sold off many of his monastic purchases, however he and his family retained lands at Cotham until the early 1600s. Throughout the 17th and 18th centuries Cotham remained essentially rural in nature. 3.7 By the mid 19th century Redland and Cotham have developed as distinct settlements still separated by an area of fields. The study area is located within one of these fields, with Cotham consisting of approximately 200 houses located to the south. 3.8 The second half of the 19th century saw the move by the more affluent middle-classes to Cotham gather pace with numerous terraces of houses being built and then later in the century large semi-detached houses being the most common form of development. The study area formed part of the estate of the trustees of J. E. Baillie who parcelled up the lands for sale as BaRAS Report No. 2791/2012 Land at Elmgrove Road, Cotham, Bristol. BHER

9 development plots (Charlton and Milton 1951, p.57). By 1870 Elmgrove Road had been laid out, and plans were produced for drainage linking to the sewers for a detached villa to be built on the study area (Fig. 9). 3.9 By 1920 the house is known as Tellisford House, No. 66 Redland Road, and is in use as a private school run by a Mr T. Crawshaw, who submitted plans to the city (Fig. 10) for permission to build an assembly hall on the side of the house. In 1930 the house is converted into two flats with the southern portion of the site sectioned off and a block of garages built for use by local residents (Fig. 11). The plans for the house as existing at this time (Fig. 12) give no indication of any basements being present, nor did any of the earlier plans, however the neighbouring property No. 19 Elmgrove Road did have a cellar. The study area appears to have remained largely unchanged until the 1980s/early 1990s, during which the villa and garages are demolished, as is No. 19 Elmgrove Road with the north-east side of that plot now forming part of the site. The study area has remained vacant since that time. BaRAS Report No. 2791/2012 Land at Elmgrove Road, Cotham, Bristol. BHER

10 4. CARTOGRAPHIC EVIDENCE 4.1 Historic and Ordnance Survey maps held by the Bristol Record Office were examined. The observations made on the maps examined are summarised in Table 1 below. Map General Observations Fig. No. Y. & J. P. Sturge ) The study area is located within an L-shaped field, no. 335, on the north-east boundary which is defined by what will be Redland Road., and surrounded by other fields. 2) No features are depicted within the field. 3) The accompanying survey lists the field containing the study area as Clotts Hill, Pasture owned by Sir Richard Vaughan and occupied by Thomas Isles. Westbury-on-Trym Tithe map ) As above study area located in L-shaped field, no. 340, no features within the study area. 2) Small plot and buildings located on south-east side of the field, no )The apportionment lists the field containing the study area as Clotts Hill, Pasture owned by James Evans Baillie and occupied by Thomas Isles. 341 listed as House and Garden and owned by James Evans Baillie and occupied by Thomas Isles. G. Ashmead ) Study area depicted as on Tithe map. Pond depicted in north corner of L shaped field. Redland & Cotham: plan of the lands of the Trustees of J. E. Baillie Esq ) Study area and field depicted as on Ashmead ) L shaped filed named as Clots Hill. G. Ashmead ) Main part of study area a large house/villa and the surrounding gardens, house named as Rockleigh, outbuilding located in south corner of the garden. 2) South-west edge of the study area comprises half of the neighbouring property, another slightly small house and much smaller garden 3) Considerable development in surrounding area, Wesleyan chapel to the south-east, Elmgrove Road and associated properties to the noth-west and south-west, properties along Redland Road to the north-east. First Edition OS map (1: 500) published 1882 / surveyed Edition Ordnance Survey plan (1: 2500) revised ) House labelled as Rosendal. 2) Details of garden depicted with a entrance on Elmgrove Road and a driveway/path running around the house. Conservatory shown on southeast side of the house and a greenhouse built aginst the north-west boundary. Trees line the north-east and north-west boundary, and across the lawn area. 3. Neighbouring house also has a conservatory/greenhouse built on the south-east side. Small outbuilding and greenhouse located at south-east end of the garden 1) Study area depicted as on 1882 OS but with less detail. Circular feature located near the east corner of the study are may be a pond or fountain Ordnance Survey 1) Study area appears as it does now, all the buildings are demolished and the road Elmgrove Park has been put in, no features depicted eithin the study area Table 1: Summary of Cartographic Observations Discussion 4.2 The earliest map examined depicting the location of the study area is the Sturge 1825 map. This showed a large L-Shaped field within which the study area was located, with no features depicted within it. This remaind the case on the 1841 Tithe map, and the maps of 1854 and BaRAS Report No. 2791/2012 Land at Elmgrove Road, Cotham, Bristol. BHER

11 4.3 The building plans (Fig. 9) discussed earlier indicated that Elmgrove Road had been laid out by 1870, with some properties not built at that time. The 1874 map by Ashmead depicts considerable development around the study area, including a church and a chapel. Most of the study area is occupied by the large house/villa labelled as Rockleigh, with part of the neighbouring property forming the south-west end of the study area. The First Edition Ordnance Survey Plan of 1881 depicts for the first time the gardens that formed most of the study area. The name of the house had changed to Rosendal and a conservatory is shown on the south-east side of the house. 4.4 The 1916 Edition Ordnance Survey Plan (revised 1913) showed no change other than the a circular feature in the east corner of the garden which may be a fountain or a pond. 4.5 The cartographic evidence indicates that during most of the 19th century, the study area comprised part of a large field used as pasture. It is in the later half of the 19th century that two houses and their gardens occupy the study area, which remains the case for most of the 20th century. BaRAS Report No. 2791/2012 Land at Elmgrove Road, Cotham, Bristol. BHER

12 5. ARCHAEOLOGICAL EVIDENCE Introduction 5.1 The documentary and known archaeology indicate that the study area lies within an area of limited archaeological potential. 5.2 A trawl of the Bristol Historic Environment Record was provided by Mr P. Insole Archaeology Officer for Bristol City Council, with a radius of 250m around the study area for archaeological monuments and events, the results of which are summarised in Table 2 below (Figs 13 & 14 for location of entries). No. Site Description Year/ Period 2476M & No.94 Cotham Brow A parish boundary marker stone set in the footway in front of the boundary wall of No.94 Cotham Brow. The stone was of Pennant sandstone and stood to a height of approximately 25cm. No carved Post- Medieval 3167M & M & M & M 2739M & Baptist Chapel at Elmgrove Road, Redland Tree avenue at Cotham Cotham Chapel, Redland Road Redland Court Park Quarry at Elmgrove Road, Cotham inscription could be observed. Baptist chapel on the south-eastern side of Elmgrove Road. A General Baptist chapel it was constructed in the later 19th century. It was recorded by the first edition 1:500-scale Bristol Town plan (Bristol Sheet LXXI.16.4) surveyed in 1881 and had seating for 500 worshippers. An extension to house a Sunday school had been built at the south-eastern end of the building by the beginning of the 20th century. The chapel survived into the 20th century but was subsequently demolished and the site redeveloped with housing. A tree-lined avenue running from Cotham Road to Redland Court. The avenue was in existence by 1742 when it was recorded by Jean Rocque's plan of Bristol as the "Avenue to Mr Coffin's House" at Redland Court. As such it was part of the landscaping of the grounds of Redland Court and was approximately 600m in length and 12m wide. It ran from a crenellated stone arch (HER 21902) in the area of Cotham Grove north-west towards Redland Court. The southeastern end of the avenue was developed as Cotham Grove in the later 19th century but part survives, including the planting, as the western side of Redland Park in Redland Grove. Also recorded on 1828 survey of Bristol by John Plumley and George Ashmead. Cotham Chapel, located on the southern side of Redland Road, Redland. The chapel was a Wesleyan Methodist chapel that was constructed in the later 19th century. It was recorded by the Ordnance Survey first edition 1:500-scale Town Plan (Bristol Sheets LXXI and LXXI.12.25) surveyed in 1881 and then had seating for 800 worshippers. The building is extant. Redland Court Park. The park formed the setting of the house at Redland Court. The date of origin of the park is currently (23/03/2004) unknown but it is likely to have been in existence by at least the 17th century. Whether any planting or earthwork features survive from this period is not clear. The present building (HER 3973) was constructed between 1732 and 1735 for John Cossins and the park appears to have been at least partly relandscaped at that date. The major features were an axial avenue of trees (SMR 21899) running 600 metres south-east from the house to a crenellated stone gate (HER 21902) close to Cotham Brow. The park survived into the late 1820s but most of its area was developed for housing in the later 19th century. A section of the tree avenue survives in Redland Park and Redland Grove, however. Quarry, located some 70 metres to the north-west of Elmgrove Road. The quarry is recorded by the Ordnance Survey first edition 1:500 plan (Bristol Sheet LXXV.12.24) surveyed in 1883 as an "Old Quarry", indicating that it was out of use by that date. The quarry was subsequently infilled and the site now lies beneath the south-western corner of the Cotham Gardens Sports Centre. Post medieval Post medieval Post medieval Post medieval Postmedieval BaRAS Report No. 2791/2012 Land at Elmgrove Road, Cotham, Bristol. BHER

13 No. Site Description Year/ Period 2738M & th century St. Nathanael's Church, Redland Road St. Nathanael's Church, located on the southern side of Redland Road. The church was recorded by the Ordnance Survey first edition 1:500 plan (Bristol Sheet LXXV.12.24) surveyed in 1883 which indicates that the church had accommodation for 600 people. The building is extant. 2025M Redland Station Redland Station, located on the south side of South Road, Redland. The station is a single storey brick building with a pitched roof. It was opened on 12 April 1897 as a stop on the Clifton Extension Railway. The building is extant. 19th century Cotham Gardens Sports Centre Cotham Gardens Sports Centre In August 1993 an archaeological desk-based assessment of land on the western side of Redland Road, Redland, by Roy King for the Cotswold Archaeological Trust. It concluded that the site lay within the Redland Court estate and was in agricultural use during the 19th century (the earliest date for which specific evidence was found). Redland developed as a suburb in the later 19th century. A quarry occupied part of the study area, but was apparently disused by By the first years of the 20th century tennis courts and associated huts had been laid out. A bowling green had been built by It was also noted that there was a possibility the Roman road from Sea Mills to Bath passed across the study area. However, the site was argued to be of low archaeological potential. In 1994 an archaeological watching brief was carried out at a site adjacent to Redland Road, Redland, by Mike Ings for Cotswold Archaeological Trust. The site had been the subject of an earlier archaeological desk-based assessment (HER 20070) that did not identify any archaeological sites but suggested the possibility that the Roman road between Sea Mills and Bath may have crossed the site. The watching brief recorded no archaeological features or finds. It was argued that the failure to identify and element of the Roman road "reinforces the suggestion that it ran along the approximate course of the modern Redland Road" (Ings, 1994, 2) Table 2: Summary of Historic Environment Record Trawl (BCC) Discussion 5.3 No previous archaeological work has been undertaken on the study area, and the only archaeological work that has taken place within 250m of it are another desk-based assessment and subsequent watching brief which identified no archaeological features. None of the HER entries listed in Table 2 fall within the study area. 5.4 Within the immediate environs of the study area the archaeological record that has been investigated to date is dominated by the post-medieval period. Of the sixteen entries from the HER, all are of post-medieval or later date. BaRAS Report No. 2791/2012 Land at Elmgrove Road, Cotham, Bristol. BHER

14 6. DISCUSSION 6.1 There is no specific evidence to indicate prehistoric or Roman period activity on the site, although the route of the Bath-Sea Mills Roman road is believed to run through the local area. None of the archaeological investigations carried out in this area have succeeded in locating it. However the presence of material or remains from these periods cannot be ruled out. 6.2 In the medieval period the study area was located within the manor of Redland, owned by the Bishop of Worcester and administered by Tewkesbury Abbey. It is likely that the study area was agricultural land at this time, this was certainly the case in the 19th century. The study area remains largely unchanged for most of the 19th century until the 1870s when the line of Elmgrove Road is put in and a large villa is constructed in the centre of the study area. The only significant addition to the site after this time is a row of garages in the south-western half of the site in The site remains largely unchanged until the late 20th century when the villa, garages and neighbouring property No. 19 Elmgrove Road are demolished. Half of the No.19 plot becomes the south-west edge of the study area, while the other half becomes Elmgrove Park, a road providing access to a new housing development. 6.3 Very little previous archaeological work has been carried out in the immediate vicinity of the study area, and that which has found no archaeological remains. All the local entries in the Historic Environment Record identify sites that are no later than the 18th century. It is possible that the remains of the 19th century villa may be present in the centre of the study area, certainly the boundary wall survives on two sides of the site and some garden features appear to have survived also. There remains the slim possibility that remains relating to the Bath-Sea Mills Roman road may be present, however there is no indication of the presence any earlier material on the site. The archaeological potential of the study area as a whole is limited. BaRAS Report No. 2791/2012 Land at Elmgrove Road, Cotham, Bristol. BHER

15 7. CONSULTANT S ADVICE National Planning Policy Framework 7.1 The National Planning Policy Framework (DCLG 2012) states that heritage assets comprise an irreplaceable resource and their conservation, appropriate to their significance, should be a key aspect of planning strategies employed by local planning authorities (LPA). Local Policy & Guidance 7.2 In addition to national policy, the LPA will also take into consideration local policy and related documentation when processing planning applications. (see Appendix 1). Planning Applications 7.3 Under present national policy, a key requirement for the consideration of planning applications is that the significance of any heritage assets affected by proposals should be determined. The impact of proposals on any heritage assets should also be assessed. This includes the contribution made by their setting and any historical views. Where study areas incorporate, or have the potential to incorporate, heritage assets it is necessary that LPAs require applicants to provide supporting information with planning applications. In this respect, the present desk-based assessment takes into account the historic environment of the study area and its immediate environs, but only in so far as the evidence examined permits. In the present case, the study area comprises a vacant plot, enclosed on two sides by an original 19th century wall. 7.4 Following desk-based assessment or reference to the HER, where study areas incorporate, or have the potential to incorporate, heritage assets with archaeological interest, the LPA should require evidence accrued from on-site investigation (intrusive, non-intrusive, or combination) in order for them to consider applications. Where applications are approved, the LPA may require further work to be carried out in relation to the historic environment of the study area. In the present case, the study area incorporates land (i.e. the burial environment) deemed to have limited archaeological potential since it appears to have comprised agricultural land until the later 19th century when a residential villa was built on the site. 7.5 Where a development proposal will impact on a heritage asset, or heritage assets, designated or non-designated, or its/their setting, the LPA will require clear and convincing justification for this from the applicant. Justification, Offsetting & Mitigation 7.6 The study area is regarded as having limited archaeological potential for prehistoric, Romano- British and medieval remains, and moderate potential for structural remains of the 1870 villa. 7.7 While the present assessment has indicated that the study area has limited archaeological potential for pre-19th century features, the nature of the archaeological burial environment is presently uncertain. Notwithstanding the development that has taken place in the 19th and 20th centuries, there is always a possibility that intact archaeological features and/or deposits and/or finds may be present. For a decision to be made regarding a development proposal that would result in an impact on the archaeological burial environment of the study area, it may be necessary to undertake on-site archaeological work. 7.8 With regard to 7.7 above, it is advised that in the case of the LPA permitting a development to proceed, that would result in an impact on the archaeological burial environment of the study area, any decision made by the Senior Archaeologist for Bristol for further archaeological work on this site, is likely to be proportionate to the significance of the heritage asset, or assets, being impacted upon by the proposals. BaRAS Report No. 2791/2012 Land at Elmgrove Road, Cotham, Bristol. BHER

16 8. REFERENCES & WORKS CONSULTED Texts BaRAS 2012, Archaeological Desk-Based Assessment of Redland Police Station, Lower Redland Road, Bristol. Unpublished Client Report No. 2634/2012. BCC, Archaeology and Development: Bristol Local Development Framework Supplementary Planning Document Number 7. Adopted March 2006 (Bristol City Council: City Centre Projects and Urban Design Team). Bristol: Bristol City Council. BCC, Bristol Development Framework Core Strategy, Adopted June Bristol: Bristol City Council. BCC 2011, Conservation Area 18, Cotham and Redland, Character Appraisal & Management Proposals. Bristol: Bristol City Council. DCLG (2012). National Planning Policy Framework London: TSO. Dening, C. F. W., The Eighteenth-Century Architecture of Bristol, Bristol. Ellis, F, Pottery and other Remains found on Romano-British Sites near Bristol. In Proceedings of the Clifton Antiquarian Club, 2, Gomme, A., Jenner, M., and Little, B., Bristol : An Architectural History, London. IfA, Institute for Archaeologists. Standard and Guidance for Historic Environment Desk-Based Assessment. Originally published in 1994; revised Ison, W., The Georgian Buildings of Bristol, London. Mowl, T., To Build The Second City, Bristol. Rudder, S. 1779, A New History of Gloucestershire. Republished by Alan Sutton 1972 in collaboration with Gloucestershire County Library. Dursley: Alan Sutton. Smith, A. H. 1964, The Place names of Gloucestershire. Part III: the Lower Severn Valley, The Forest of Dean. (A. H. Smith Gen. Ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Maps 1825 Sturge, Y. & J.P, Plan of the Parish of Westbury upon Trym in the County of Glocester (BRO P.HTW/P/1/a) 1841 Sturge, Y. & J.P, Westbury upon Trym the Tithings of Westbury and Stoke Bishop (Tithe Map, BRO EP/A/32/41) 1854 Ashmead, G, Survey of the City of Bristol (BRO 40860/Map/11 & 16) 1874 Ashmead, G, Survey of the City of Bristol (BRO Ashmead 1874, 11 & 16) 1881 Ordnance Survey 1:500 plans 1882 Ordnance Survey 1:2500 plan BaRAS Report No. 2791/2012 Land at Elmgrove Road, Cotham, Bristol. BHER

17 1902 Ordnance Survey 1:2500 plan 1916 Ordnance Survey 1:2500 plan (revised 1913) 1956 Geological Survey map 1994 Ordnance Survey Plans in the Building Plan Books (BRO) Proposed drainage for a Villa to be built at the juction of Elmgrove Road and Redland Road by Mr Coats 1870 (Building plan/volume 9/5a) Proposed addition of a meeting hall to Tellisford House No.66 Redland Road 1920 (Building plan/volume 9/5b) Proposed Conversion of Tellisford House Redland Road to 2 Flats for F. C. Pugsley Esq (Building plan/volume 110/7a) Architectural/Engineering Drawings 1965 Plan and sections for conversion of No. 19 Elmgrove Road to 4 flats, Application No. 3218/65 9. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Bristol and Region Archaeological Services wish to thank the following for their help and advice: Staff of the Bristol Record Office; Mr P. Insole Archaeology Officer for Bristol City Council; and Mr Phil Scoulding of Skanska. The above report was compiled by Simon Roper and produced by Ann Linge of Bristol and Region Archaeological Services. The project was managed by John Bryant. BaRAS Report No. 2791/2012 Land at Elmgrove Road, Cotham, Bristol. BHER

18 APPENDIX 1: Policy Statement This report is the result of work carried out in the light of national and local-authority policies. NATIONAL PLANNING POLICY (ENGLAND) The National Planning Policy Framework (NPPF) for England published by the UK Government in March 2012 states that the historic environment, which includes designated and non-designated heritage assets, is an irreplaceable resource and, as such, should be taken into account by Local Planning Authorities when considering and determining planning applications. This is taken to form part of a positive strategy set out in the respective Local Plan (i.e. Bristol Core Strategy) to ensure the conservation and enjoyment of the historic environment. The assigned significance of heritage assets will be key factor in terms of their conservation. Given their irreplaceable nature, any harm to, or loss of, a heritage asset, or heritage assets, should be clearly and convincingly justified as part of a planning application. As part of this, applicants are required to describe the significance of any heritage assets affected by a proposal, including any contribution made by their setting. Where a heritage asset, or assets, are to be harmed or lost as the result of a proposal, the applicant will be required to record and advance the understanding of the significance of that asset or assets, to include making the evidence arising publicly accessible, but this will be in proportion to the significance of the asset/assets in question. While the NPPF takes into account the historic environment as a whole, additional protection is afforded to designated heritage assets under current English Law. Any proposal that would result in harm or loss of a designated heritage asset is also required to be justified by the applicant in meeting strict criteria set out in the NPPF. LOCAL POLICY Bristol City Council Supplementary Planning Document 7 Archaeology and Development (SPD 7, adopted 2006) has been carried forward for use under the present Bristol Core Strategy (adopted 2011). SPD 7, page 4 states that: (i) There will be a presumption in favour of preserving any archaeological features or sites of national importance, whether scheduled or not; (ii) Development which could adversely affect sites, structures, landscapes or buildings of archaeological interest and their settings will require an assessment of the archaeological resource through a desk-top study, and where appropriate a field evaluation. Where there is evidence of archaeological remains, development will not be permitted except where it can be demonstrated that the archaeological features of the site will be satisfactorily preserved in situ, or a suitable strategy has been put forward to mitigate the impact of development proposals upon important archaeological remains and their settings; or, if this is not possible and the sites are not scheduled or of national importance, provision for adequately recording the site prior to destruction is made, preferably by negotiating a planning agreement to ensure that access, time and financial resources are available to allow essential recording and publication to take place. The Bristol Core Strategy (2011) retains some polices from the 1997 Bristol Local Plan including for the protection of the historic environment as Policy BCS22 which states that development proposals will safeguard or enhance heritage assets and the character and setting of areas of acknowledged importance including: Scheduled ancient monuments; Historic buildings both nationally and locally listed; Historic parks and gardens both nationally and locally listed; Conservation areas; Archaeological remains. BaRAS Report No. 2791/2012 Land at Elmgrove Road, Cotham, Bristol. BHER

19 Elmgrove Rd, Cotham BHER EDGECUMBE ROAD ZETLAND ROAD LB KINGSLEY ROAD SL El Sub Sta D MP 3 EASTFIELD ROAD REDLAND ROAD Tennis Courts COTHAM BROW Bowling Green BROOKF cover Trees LB 1 ELMGROVE 5 Trees PARK Cotham Gardens El Sub Sta ELMGROVE ROAD El Sub Sta ne SOUTHFIELD ROAD GIBSON SOUTHFIELD ROAD COTHAM BROW SYDENHAM ROAD LB LB SYDENHAM HILL Crown Copyright All Rights Reserved Bristol City Council COTHA 0 100m Fig.1 Site location plan, scale 1:2000

20 Elmgrove Rd, Cotham BHER Fig.2 Extract from Sturgeʼs 1825 Map (BRO) Fig.3 Extract from Westbury-on-Trym Tithe Map 1841 (BRO)

21 Elmgrove Rd, Cotham BHER Fig.4 Extract from Ashmeadʼs 1854 Plan (BRO) Fig.5 Extract from Redland & Cotham: plan of the lands of the Trustees of J. E. Baillie Esq (BRO)

22 Elmgrove Rd, Cotham BHER Fig.6 Extract from Ashmeadʼs 1874 Plan (BRO) Fig.7 Extract from First Edition Ordnance Survey plan (1:500) published 1882, surveyed 1881 (BRO)

23 Elmgrove Rd, Cotham BHER Fig.8 Extract from 1916 Edition Ordnance Survey plan (1:2500) revised 1913 (BRO)

24 Elmgrove Rd, Cotham BHER Fig.9 Plan and section of proposed drainage for a villa to be built by Mr Coates at the junction of Elmgrove Road and Redland Road 1870 (BRO) Fig.10 Plan of proposed meeting hall addition to the villa 1920 (BRO)

25 Elmgrove Rd, Cotham BHER Fig.11 Plan of proposed garages location 1930 (BCC). Fig.12 Plan of ground floor as existing of the villa from plans for the conversion of the building into two flats 1930 (BCC)

26 Elmgrove Rd, Cotham BHER Metres Fig.13 Location plans of Bristol HER monuments entries Metres Fig.14 Location plans of Bristol HER events entries

27 Elmgrove Rd, Cotham BHER Plate 1 Section of partially collapsed boundary wall, looking north-west Plate 2 Mature trees alongside north-east section of the boundary wall, looking north-west Plate 3 View across the middle of the site, looking southwest

28 Elmgrove Rd, Cotham BHER Plate 4 Remnant of a garden feature, edge of a path or flowerbed, looking west Plate 5 Remains of a formal pond, looking north-west