Regenerative Stormwater Conveyances: Giving Old, Perched Outfalls New Life APWA NC Stormwater Management Division Conference

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1 Regenerative Stormwater Conveyances: Giving Old, Perched Outfalls New Life APWA NC Stormwater Management Division Conference 16 September 2014 Ward Marotti Senior Scientist Project Manager David Kiker Technical Manager

2 Regenerative Stormwater Conveyances: Giving Old, Perched Outfalls New Life Problems Implementation Solutions Modeling RSCs Path Forward Research

3 Problem

4 Traditional Design

5 Conveyance

6 Discharge

7

8 Unintended Consequences

9 Unintended Consequences

10 Unintended Consequences

11 Unintended Consequences

12 Unintended Consequences

13 Unintended Consequences

14 Unintended Consequences

15 Unintended Consequences

16 Unintended Consequences

17 Unintended Consequences Hypoxia

18 Unintended Consequences

19 Traditional Design

20 Traditional Design William Kenneth Dickson 1929

21 Solutions

22 Modern Design

23 Modern Design

24 Modern Design

25 Modern Design

26 Traditional Retrofits Quantity/velocity OR Quality not both Expensive

27 Traditional Retrofits

28 Retrofit: RSC Regenerative Stormwater Conveyance

29 Retrofits Regenerative Stormwater Conveyance Figure Obtained From: Jane Hawkey, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science

30 RSC Two Birds, One Stone Quantity/velocity AND Quality From Piolo Pascual ABS Project

31 Retrofit: RSC Regenerative Stormwater Conveyance Substrate

32 Alley et. Al 2002 Retrofit: RSC Regenerative Stormwater Conveyance Riffles and Pools

33 Retrofit: RSC Regenerative Stormwater Conveyance Substrate

34 Retrofit: RSC Regenerative Stormwater Conveyance Substrate Infiltration Detention Filtering Nutrient uptake (anaerobic decomposition) Nutrient adsorption

35 Retrofit: RSC Regenerative Stormwater Conveyance Riffles and Pools

36 Retrofit: RSC Regenerative Stormwater Conveyance Riffles and Pools Energy Dissipaters Sedimentation Reduce sheer stress Lateral and vertical bank/bed erosion

37 Retrofit: RSC Regenerative Stormwater Conveyance Riffles and Pools Grade Control Storage infiltration Widen flow path infiltration

38 Retrofit: RSC Regenerative Stormwater Conveyance Vegetation Native Storage infiltration Widen flow path infiltration

39 Retrofit: RSC Regenerative Stormwater Conveyance Vegetation Native Nutrient uptake Aesthetics Bank/substrate Stabilization (root mass) Energy Dissipation

40

41 Retrofit: RSC Regenerative Stormwater Conveyance

42 Retrofit: RSC Regenerative Stormwater Conveyance Effectiveness RSC 70% TP 70% TN 90% TSS Bioretention 45% TP 35% TN 85% TSS

43 Retrofit: RSC Regenerative Stormwater Conveyance

44 Retrofit: RSC Regenerative Stormwater Conveyance Effectiveness Quantity Storage Delayed Release Velocity/sheer stress reduction

45 Retrofit: RSC Regenerative Stormwater Conveyance Effectiveness Traditional = 2-3 x RSC /unit treatment

46 Retrofit: RSC Regenerative Stormwater Conveyance Effectiveness

47 Retrofit: RSC Regenerative Stormwater Conveyance Research

48 Retrofit: RSC Regenerative Stormwater Conveyance Research Quantity Storage Delayed Release Velocity/sheer stress

49 Retrofit: RSC Regenerative Stormwater Conveyance Research Cizek, 2014 Quantity Storage Delayed Release Velocity/sheer stress

50 Retrofit: RSC Regenerative Stormwater Conveyance Implementation

51 Retrofit: RSC Regenerative Stormwater Conveyance Linda Lake

52 Retrofit: RSC Regenerative Stormwater Conveyance Linda Lake

53

54

55

56

57 Baffles & IWS Zones Internal Water Storage (IWS) Zone Internal Water Storage (IWS) Zone From Anne Arundel County Design Guidelines Impervious Baffles Mimic bio-retention and IWS zones Improve WQ performance

58 Retrofit: RSC Regenerative Stormwater Conveyance Modeling

59 Why Model? Iterative Design Process Evaluate Overland Flow Design a stable system Size boulders and riffle material Manning s spreadsheet analysis HEC-RAS analysis Quantify Infiltration: Pilot study for pollutant removal capabilities Infiltration rate calculated Darcy s spreadsheet analysis

60 Design Process Rules of Thumbs Iterative Process Align in Thalweg Riffle/Pools Sequence Calculate Slopes Overall Slope <5% Cascades <10% Recent Findings Riffle Pool Cascade

61 Parabolic Boulder Section 8 min. top width 10(H): 1(V) side slopes Max riffle length of 8 feet; Min length of 4 feet Pool length > 2 x riffle length Homeport Farms, MD Courtesy of Anne Arundel County

62 Sequencing Alternating Riffles and Pools Cascade w/s Three Pools From West VA Stormwater Management & Design Guidance Manual

63 Design Process Iteratively Design Riffle Trial riffle width and D 50 Calculate Manning s n value Calculate V 100 Check permissible V with D 50 Target sub-critical flow (not supercritical) Adjust size/slope/lengths/riffle material

64 WK Dickson In-House Model RSC Infiltration Model HEC-HMS outflow hydrographs Stage-Storage relationships for pools Surface area of pools Assumed hydraulic conductivity Cell-by-cell infiltration estimated Routed inflow hydrograph Darcy s Eqn for groundwater flow

65 Retrofit: RSC Regenerative Stormwater Conveyance Little Jackson Creek/Up Ditch

66 Retrofit: RSC Regenerative Stormwater Conveyance Little Jackson Creek/RR Ditch

67

68

69 Unintended Consequences

70 Path Forward

71 Path Forward

72 Path Forward

73 Biofiltration Conveyance Step Pools

74

75

76

77

78 Ward Marotti Senior Scientist Project Manager David Kiker Technical Manager

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