Targeting BMSB via Organic Tactics: trap cropping and compost tea

Transcription

1 Targeting BMSB via Organic Tactics: trap cropping and compost tea C.R. Mathews 1,2 and M.H. Hallack 2 1 Institute of Environmental and Physical Sciences, Shepherd University, Shepherdstown, WV 2 Redbud Farm, LLC, Inwood, WV BMSB Working Group Meeting Winchester, VA December 3, 2013

2 2013 Trap Crop Study Objectives Evaluate pull-pull strategy: highly attractive host-plant + baited pheromone trap Determine host-plant preferences Modify design for larger scale of production

3 2013 Trap Crop Study Adapted perimeter trap design to accommodate machinery Compared baited vs. unbaited Rescue traps Okra Sweet Pepper 2012 Field Design

4 2013 Trap Crop Design RCBD, blocked westeast Crops: okra ( Clemson Spineless ), sweet pepper ( Red Ace ), tomato ( Big Boy ), summer squash ( Zephyr )

5 Deciduous Hardwood Forest 200 m Sunflower Trap Crop 3 m 3 m Spray Zone 3 m Spray Zone Plot 1-w Plot 2-w Plot 3-w Plot 4-w Winter Winter Plot 1-e Plot 2-e Plot 3-e Plot 4-e 3 m Sunflower Baited SB Trap Trap Crop Pheromone Zone (~20 m radius) Un-baited SB Trap Soybean

6 2013 Trap Crop Methods Trap crop: 1 m strip, sunflower (open pollinated mixture, Johnny s Seeds) Pheromone trap: Rescue Control (no lure) USDA lure + MDT lure (installed late season) Insecticide: Azera (OMRI approved)

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8 2013 Methods: Arthropod Sampling Weekly (24 Jun 31 Sep) Cash Crop: Whole plant visual sample (3/row) Trap Crop: Whole plant visual sample (4/row, adjacent to trap); trap contents

9 Block*Trap Effect: Seasonal BMSB Mean no. nymphs and adults/trap Unbaited Baited P =.0097 F = df = West Block East

10 BMSB in Pheromone Traps Mean no. nymphs and adults/trap Unbaited Baited * *

11 BMSB in Pheromone Traps, by Stage Jun 1-Jul 8-Jul 15-Jul 22-Jul 29-Jul 5-Aug 12-Aug 20-Aug 25-Aug 1-Sep 8-Sep 15-Sep 22-Sep 30-Sep Average no./trap Adult Nymph Adult Nymph 0 24-Jun 1-Jul 8-Jul 15-Jul 22-Jul 29-Jul 5-Aug 12-Aug 20-Aug 25-Aug 1-Sep 8-Sep 15-Sep 22-Sep 30-Sep Unbaited Trap (2013) Baited Trap (2013)

12 Effectiveness of Pull-Pull System Okra Pepper Sun Flower Trap Okra Pepper Sun Flower Trap Mean no/plant or trap Jun 1-Jul 8-Jul 15-Jul 22-Jul 29-Jul 5-Aug 12-Aug 20-Aug 25-Aug 1-Sep 8-Sep 15-Sep 22-Sep 30-Sep Unbaited Trap 0 24-Jun 1-Jul 8-Jul 15-Jul 22-Jul 29-Jul 5-Aug 12-Aug 20-Aug 25-Aug 1-Sep 8-Sep 15-Sep 22-Sep 30-Sep Baited Trap Colonization of cash crops delayed 14 d with baited traps, entered most attractive crop (okra)

13 Seasonal BMSB Crop Damage Mean # damaged fruits/plant Unbaited trap Baited trap Control (no trap) Okra Pepper Control Trap crop Okra Pepper 2012

14 Deciduous Hardwood Forest 200 m Sunflower Trap Crop 3 m 3 m Spray Zone 3 m Spray Zone Plot 1-w Plot 2-w Plot 3-w Plot 4-w Winter Winter Plot 1-e Plot 2-e Plot 3-e Plot 4-e 3 m Sunflower Baited SB Trap Trap Crop Pheromone Zone (~20 m radius) Un-baited SB Trap Soybean

15 Seasonal BMSB (nymph and adult) on Cash Crops Mean no./plant a c b b Okra Pepper P = <.0001 F = df = 3 [Same trend observed in 2012]

16 Compost Tea Studies Egg masses (26-28 eggs/mass; 2-3 d-old, 1-d old) Poultry manure and mushroom composts Teas : 1:2 ratio (compost:water), steeped 24 h 50/50 mix of both teas to maximize microbial diversity

17 Compost Tea Methods Misted egg masses at 25 cm height (delivered ~0.12 ml) with RO water or compost tea mix Control Tea 25 C (14:10 L:D) with sunflower, fresh bean, water; checked every 48 h

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19 Effect of Compost Tea on Hatch Control Compost * Mean % Hatch *P =0.026 t =2.322 df =36 N = d old 1-d old Egg Mass Age at Treatment

20 BMSB Nymphal Mortality Mean % Mortality * Control 2-3 d old egg masses Compost Instar 1 Instar 2 Instar 3 Instar 4 Instar 5 Total P=0.013 Stage t= df=7 N=4,5

21 BMSB Nymphal Mortality Mean % Mortality Control * 1-d old egg masses Compost * Instar 1 Instar 2 Instar 3 Instar 4 Instar 5 Total Stage P=.013 P=.033 P=.04 P=.017 t= t= t= t= df=36 df=34 df=7.5 df=36 N=19 N=19,17 N=9,8 N=19 * *

22 Conclusions BMSB colonizing from woods Pull-pull strategy (trap crop + pheromone trap) effective removed average 350 BMSB across the season, delayed cash crop colonization by 14 d, < damaged fruits/plant (compared to 18/plant in 2012) Compost tea reduced hatch and significantly increased mortality in early instars (60% for 1 st, 70% for 2 nd ). gut symbiont competitively displaced?

23 Thank You! Leskey lab (U.S.D.A. Appalachian Fruit Research Station) Dively Lab (UMD College Park) This research was funded in part by the NASA Space Grant Program/Shepherd University Foundation Professional Development Grant Redbud Farm 2013 field research crew: Haroun, Sarah, Beth (Sofia and Camilla)