DTI Kenneth Bank Madsen Global Application Expert Food Retail

Transcription

1 DTI Kenneth Bank Madsen Global Application Expert Food Retail 1 Danfoss Cooling Danfoss Refrigerant Week Cool Tools Sept. 2017

2 Technology status Technology allows for world wide adoption of CO 2 only systems 27 C/82 F 38 C/101 F All ambient All ambient All ambient Booster system (reference) Parallel Compression system Ejector system Flooded system Cost reduction simplicity systems 1000 systems 100 systems 50 systems 3 systems 2007 Commercially Available 2011 Commercially Available 2015 Testing 2017 Commercially Available 2015 Testing 2018 Commercially Available 2015 Early Testing 2018 Extended field trials 2 Danfoss Cooling Danfoss Refrigerant Week Cool Tools Sept. 2017

3 1 st generation: Booster system The transcritical booster system is the most commonly used CO 2 system today. 40C/104F 102 bar/1480 PSI Mass flow Pressure levels GC Pressure HP bar 100% The installed base is systems with Danfoss components (as of August 2017). Liquid line bar 45% Pressure suction MT bar The market has chosen this as the standard system. 55% MT 55% LT Pressure suction LT bar 3 Danfoss Cooling Danfoss Refrigerant Week Cool Tools Sept. 2017

4 1 st generation: Booster system Pros: Long track record with large install base mainly in colder climates. Relatively simple compared to most of the other systems on the market. In a northern European climate the energy consumption is lower than what we see with R404a. Cons: Energy consumption in warm ambient temperature is the main problem. Swept volume increases dramatically in warm ambient temperatures. Application: The system covers from small and all the way up to very large systems (CDU, Discounters up to Hypermarkets). Geographically, the system has a very good foothold in the northern European climate. 4 Danfoss Cooling Danfoss Refrigerant Week Cool Tools Sept. 2017

5 Energy savings Energy saving VS R404A 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% -5% -10% -15% CO2 Booster system 5 Danfoss Cooling Danfoss Refrigerant Week Cool Tools Sept. 2017

6 2 nd generation: Parallel compression Parallel compression is the first step into the development towards bringing CO 2 into a warmer climate. Parallel compression is giving a significant improvement of COP in warm climates. In addition to that, it is also giving a reduction of swept volume of the compressors (lower first cost). 40C/104F 102 bar/ 1480 PSI Liquid line bar Mass flow Pressure levels GC 45% MT Pressure HP bar 100% Pressure suction MT bar 55% 55% This reduction of cost can not be realized on systems smaller than approx kw, but on larger systems a reduction in cost present. LT 6 Danfoss Cooling Danfoss Refrigerant Week Cool Tools Sept Pressure suction L ba

7 2 nd generation: Parallel compression Pros The system has been on the market for some years and the installations are counted in several hundreds. Shows very good energy data in warmer ambient where the energy consumption on annual basis is on the same level or better than R404a Compressor sizes are smaller and not as growing as fast in warm ambient Integration with AC makes sense Cons The system is more complex than the booster system. Small systems are difficult because the compressors are divided in to 2 suction groups Application: The system fits system sizes from approx kw and up. System can be combined with AC with good results. Geographically, the system has the largest install base in southern Europe and warmer ambient. 7 Danfoss Cooling Danfoss Refrigerant Week Cool Tools Sept. 2017

8 Energy savings Energy saving VS R404A 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% -5% -10% -15% CO2 Booster system Parallel compression 8 Danfoss Cooling Danfoss Refrigerant Week Cool Tools Sept. 2017

9 3 rd generation: Parallel compression with gas ejector First system in opperation with Danfoss Multi Ejector started in January The ejectors are moving gas from MT suction to parallel compressor. In some cases, all gas can be moved from MT to parallel compressor (high ambient temperature or 100% heat recovery). 40C/104F 102 bar/ 1480 PSI Liquid line bar 55% Mass flow Pressure levels GC 25% MT Pressure HP bar 100% 70% 30% 55% Pressure suction MT bar LT Pressure suction LT bar 9 Danfoss Cooling Danfoss Refrigerant Week Cool Tools Sept. 2017

10 3 rd generation: Parallel compression with gas ejector Pros: System is penetrating the market this years Solutions shows better energy consumption in any climate and removes the CO 2 equator Compressor sizes are smaller and not as grooving as fast Combination with AC makes very good sense Cons: The system is more complex than the booster systems and also parallel compression Small systems are difficult because of the compressors divided in to 2 suction groups Application: The system fits system sizes from approx kw and up. System can be combined with AC with very good results. Geographically the system can be installed in any climate with lower energy consumption than R404a. 10 Danfoss Cooling Danfoss Refrigerant Week Cool Tools Sept. 2017

11 Energy saving Energy saving VS R404A 30% 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% -5% -10% -15% CO2 Booster system Parallel compression Parallel + ejector 11 Danfoss Cooling Danfoss Refrigerant Week Cool Tools Sept. 2017

12 Years Pay back gas ejector as an add on to parallel compression 10 Pay back gas ejector Pay back Ejector VS ll 75 kw Pay back Ejector VS ll 150 kw Pay back Ejector VS ll 300 kw 12 Danfoss Cooling Danfoss Refrigerant Week Cool Tools Sept. 2017

13 Next generation: Liquid ejector Add on to transcritical systems Liquid ejector systems allow the MT evaporator to be flooded. The saving is coming from the higher suction pressure of the compressors. Ejector is in this case substituting a pump or other means of removing the liquid from the suction side Trials has been running since 2013 with good results. Evaporation temperature is in average raised by 5K. Saving is load dependent and dependent on most leaded evaporator GC MT LT 13 Danfoss Cooling Danfoss Refrigerant Week Cool Tools Sept. 2017

14 Direct expansion Temperatur Air temp Evaporation temp Superheat dt Temperatur Air temp Evaporation temp Pinch point Superheat dt Distance Distance Temperatur Air temp Evaporation temp Evaporation temperature can not be lifted because the SH creates a pinch point dt Superheat Temperatur Air temp Evaporation temp Superheat dt Distance Distance 14 Danfoss Cooling Danfoss Refrigerant Week Cool Tools Sept. 2017

15 Flooded evaporator without Po optimization Temperatur Pinch point Air temp Evaporation temp dt Temperatur Pinch point Air temp dt Evaporation temp Distance Distance Temperatur Pinch point When the pinch point is moved and larger the evaporation temperature can be lifted Air temp Evaporation temp dt Temperatur Pinch point Air temp Evaporation temp dt Distance Distance 15 Danfoss Cooling Danfoss Refrigerant Week Cool Tools Sept. 2017

16 Flooded evaporator and Po optimization Temperatur Pinch point Air temp Evaporation temp dt Temperatur Pinch point Air temp Evaporation temp dt Distance Distance Temperatur Pinch point Evaporation temp When the pinch point is moved and larger the evaporation temperature can be lifted Air temp dt Temperatur Pinch point Air temp Evaporation temp dt Distance Distance 16 Danfoss Cooling Danfoss Refrigerant Week Cool Tools Sept. 2017

17 Effect of flooded evaporators and PO optimization Temperatur Pinch point Air temp Evaporation temp Saving approx 5K /10% Superheat dt Distance 17 Danfoss Cooling Danfoss Refrigerant Week Cool Tools Sept. 2017

18 Data from supermarkets 18 Danfoss Cooling Danfoss Refrigerant Week Cool Tools Sept. 2017

19 Flooded operation 12-20jul 19 Danfoss Cooling Danfoss Refrigerant Week Cool Tools Sept. 2017

20 Flooded operation 12-20jul 20 Danfoss Cooling Danfoss Refrigerant Week Cool Tools Sept. 2017

21 Dry expansion jul 21 Danfoss Cooling Danfoss Refrigerant Week Cool Tools Sept. 2017

22 Dry expansion jul 22 Danfoss Cooling Danfoss Refrigerant Week Cool Tools Sept. 2017

23 Evaporation temperature [C] Evaporation temperature as a function of superheat Data for a full multievaporator system using modulating thermostat and Po optimization. Data are from a periode of 4-7 days and Po is an average Superheat [K] 23 Danfoss Cooling Danfoss Refrigerant Week Cool Tools Sept. 2017

24 Temperature penalty [K] Energy penalty 5 4,5 4 3,5 3 Evaporation temperature penalty VS superheat Penalty is calculated as the difference in Po at the different superheats versus the evaporation temperature at 1K superheat. For energy is used 2,5%/K. 12% 10% 8% 2,5 6% 2 1,5 4% 1 0,5 2% Superheat 0% 24 Danfoss Cooling Danfoss Refrigerant Week Cool Tools Sept. 2017

25 Next generation: Liquid ejector Pros: Very promising results from the tests running Relatively simple system where the complexity is in the controllers and not in the lay out. Commercially available Q Cons: Increases complexity slightly of the systems and controls Reducing superheat will give some of the same effects Application: The system covers from small and all the way up to very large systems (CDU, Discounters up to Hypermarkets). Geographically the system will provide the saving in any climate. 25 Danfoss Cooling Danfoss Refrigerant Week Cool Tools Sept. 2017

26 Energy saving Energy saving VS R404A 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% -10% -20% CO2 Booster system CO2 Booster system w. Liq ejector Parallel compression Parallel compression+liq Parallel + ejector Parallel + ejector + liq 26 Danfoss Cooling Danfoss Refrigerant Week Cool Tools Sept. 2017

27 Years Pay back liquid ejector as an add on to any system 4,0 Payback liquid ejector system 3,5 3,0 2,5 2,0 1,5 1,0 0,5 - Pay back Liquid ejector system 40 kw Pay back Liquid ejector system 150 kw Pay back Liquid ejector system 75 kw Pay back Liquid ejector system 300 kw 27 Danfoss Cooling Danfoss Refrigerant Week Cool Tools Sept. 2017

28 Conclusion 10 years ago transcritical CO2 was only for cold climates in Scandinavia 5 years ago parallel compression shows promising results in southern Europa With ejector technology installed on 4 continents in approx. 200 installations transcritical CO2 shows energy savings and good performance world wide. The journey does not stop here. To make CO2 a solution in all regions we need to make Transcritical CO2 simple and easy to use. The biggest hurdle we are facing is education and training 28 Danfoss Cooling Danfoss Refrigerant Week Cool Tools Sept. 2017

29 Questions? Questions and feedback 29 Danfoss Cooling Danfoss Refrigerant Week Cool Tools Sept. 2017

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