TECHNICAL DOSSIER LATEST GENERATION THERMODYNAMIC SOLAR COLLECTOR

Transcription

1 TECHNICAL DOSSIER LATEST GENERATION THERMODYNAMIC SOLAR COLLECTOR HOT WATER SPACE HEATING SWIMMING-POOL WARMING EVEN WITH WIND, RAIN AND NO SUN 365 DAYS 1 W W W. S O L A R P S T. C O M

2 THERMODYNAMICS In recent years, the steady rise in fossil fuel prices, the high level of environmental pollution, the increasing global warming, etc, have brought to light new technologies, such as the ones based on thermodynamics discovered by French physicist Carnot in 1824 so as to reduce the use or, in many cases, get rid of the traditional boilers. The thermodynamic systems can be applied in cases which require hot water up to 60 degrees Celsius, that is, radiant floor heating, fan-coil units, convectors, hot sanitary water, swimming-pool warming, etc. The original worldwide patent is French, it was acquired 20 years ago by the firm Energie, and Solar PST shares that patent, Energie-Solar PST. For this environmentally-sensitive purpose there are alternative systems such as the ones which include thermal panels, heat pumps, the geothermal and hydrogen systems, and finally the thermodynamic collector systems, a mix of traditional thermal panels and the well-known heat pumps. Under certain conditions the thermodynamic collector systems may generate up to an 80 percent energy saving against electric or fossilfuelled heating systems. 2

3 BASICS WORKING PRINCIPLE Heat and Temperature Just as it happens with many basic concepts in Physics, sometimes the definition of heat is not very clear, so let's go through some essential characteristics: The thermodynamical heating systems are based on the laws of thermodynamics, because they take advantage of the physical properties of a gas. That gas, when changing of state (liquid-gas, gas-liquid), is used to transfer the heat absorbed by the collectors to the water we want to warm up. The concept of heat is closely linked to that of temperature, but they are not the same thing. Heat also depends on the mass of elements and their physical properties. Think about this experiment: Take 1 kilo of iron and 1 kilo of lead and heat them up to 100 degrees Celsius. Then place each one in separated recipients with 2 kilos of water at 20 degrees Celsius, and wait for the final thermal balance. We will notice that the recipient which contains the iron reaches a higher temperature than the one where the lead is. Thus, it's neccessary to distinguish between the concept of temperature and heat capacity. It should be logical to think that the body which produced the highest temperature was the one "with" the highest heat capacity. The regular unit to measure heat capacity is called calorie. Since it is not a very large unit, the kilocalorie is very commonly used, and today we also use the watt (w) or the kilowatt (kw). We use two well-known gases, 134-A and 407-C, both compliant with the European regulations and two of the most popular today. Our system works similarly as a regular refrigerator. That is, it has a cold part, a hot part, and a gas compressor we use the German compressor Copeland. The cold part is comprised by the collectors, and the hot part by the heat exchanger. The cycle goes as follows: When we start the thermodynamic block, the compressor compresses the gas, rising its temperature by 120 degrees Celsius more or less. This hot gas transfers all its heat to the water by means of a heat exchanger. Here the gas turns into liquid by the effect of high pressure, around 22 bar approximately. Once liquefied, the refrigerant flows into a reservoir called "liquid container". Then it flows through a valve, which regulates the liquid output to the collectors, depending on their temperature. This valve is called "expansion valve". The unit of heat is defined as: the quantity of heat required to raise, by 1 degree, the temperature of a unit mass of water at 15 degrees. Equivalences: 1 kcal = kjoule or 1 kcal = 1,163 watt/hour 3

4 The liquid, in microdrops, is sent through the dehydrated copper tubings to the collectors, where the microdrops, by effect of the heat of the collectors, suffer a sudden change of state, converting into hot gas. When the gas gets out of the collectors its temperature may be between 10 and 60 degrees Celsius, due to the heat absorbed from the sun, the rain and the wind. Then it is sent through the compressor suction tube, where it would compress again, thus repeating the cycle until the water we intend to heat would reach the desired temperature, that is, 40 or 60 degrees Celsius, depending on its purpose. REFRIGERANT GAS A refrigerant is any substance with a low-boiling point, capable of absorbing large amounts of heat caused by a change of state. Of course, in this case we speak about liquids which turn into gas and vice versa. There are lots of refrigerant liquids and gases, the most common is water, but it can only be used to refrigerate systems with temperatures between 0 and 100 degrees Celsius. Another well-known substance for industrial refrigeration is ammonia. It is a very efficient coolant, but also very toxic and corrosive. In our case we use gases 134-A and 407-C, with boling points close to -30 degrees Celsius, so they are ideal to transmit heat at temperatures close to -5 degrees Celsius, as long as the installation is adequately planned. Their many features include those of being: Incombustible. Non-corrosive. Non-toxic. Chemically stable at high pressure and temperature. Unharmful for the system elements. Compatible with the compressor lubricants. They have a great heat of vaporization. They are chlorine-free, a substance harmful for the ozone layer. They are easily detected by any common leak sensor. They are easy to handle by refrigeration technicians. Liceo La Paz' school (La Coruña- Spain) 80 collectors heating 400 m 3 4

5 SYSTEM DESCRIPTION The equipment consists of the following items: The hot sanitary water equipment includes a thermoaccumulator, a serpentine heat exchanger, a thermodynamic block and the collectors. The space heating equipment includes a high-efficiency plate heat exchanger, a thermodynamic block and the collectors. The swimming-pool heating equipment includes two titanium tubular heat exchangers, a thermodynamic block and the collectors. The distance between the thermodynamic block and the collectors may vary from 1 metre to 25 metres, depending on the thermodynamic block model. Unlike conventional thermal panels and heat pumps, thermodynamic solar equipments make the best use of environment heat, be it solar radiation or heat from wind or rain. RISK Our collectors do not get overheated in summer, they withstand any external agressions. INSTALLATION Solar PST thermodynamic solar collectors are very easy to install, because they only weigh 8 kilos. They measure 2 metres long by 80 centimetres high, and since they absorb heat by both sides they offer a collection surface of 3.20 square metres. They are made of aluminiun plates with a roll-bonded circuit, inside which the coolant flows. They are also provided with a 30 micron blackanodized layer, which guarantees their protection against corrosion and a great heat-absorption capacity. The collectors and the thermodynamic block are connected by means of dehydrated copper tubings, welded and covered with an elastomeric pipe insulation. Collectors should be fully exposed to the elements sun, rain and wind, so they must be deployed southwards, with an inclination ranging from 30º to 90º. Any east-west variations may decrease up to a 2 percent the collectors efficiency. They are fully resistant to interior corrosion, they are provided with a 30 micron anodized layer. They are very light (8 kilos). They do not need any auxiliary energy source to defrost. They are not affected by hard water (containing calcium). They require only minimum maintenance. CONVENTIONAL SOLAR PANELS Conventional solar panels present the following disadvantages: A huge number of panels is needed, which difficults their architectural integration. They are heavy. Between kilos per panel. They only absorb heat on one side. They stop working when there is no sunlight. They require an auxiliary energy source when they are most needed. They require continuous maintenance. They are fragile. They may get frozen. 5

6 They may overheat in summer. Hard water may clog them. HEAT PUMPS SYSTEMS TO DISSIPATE HEAT There are several well-known systems which dissipate the heat and warm up spaces. The most popular are: They require the following intems: A defrost system, which spends 15 percent of the produced energy. Radiant floors Aluminium radiators A mechanic ventilation device, which spends much energy and produces noise. Devices to reverse the refrigeration cycle, which affect the reliability. Electric heating elements, which rise the electricity consumption and diminish the system efficiency. Convectors or Fan-coil units 6

7 INTRODUCTION TO THERMODYNAMIC SOLAR COLLECTORS AND THEIR APPLICATIONS Solar PST thermodynamic collectors can be employed in a wide range of processes requiring hot water. The most common are: hot sanitary water (HSW), home heating, indoor and outdoor swimming-pool warming, etc. Every domestic thermoaccumulator comprises the following items: 1. Thermodynamic solar collector (2 x 0.80 m). 2. Thermoaccumulator. 3. Thermodynamic block (compressor). 4. Supporting electric heating element (included). 5. External case with integrated control panel. 6. Aluminium stand kit for collector. 7. Magnesium anode. 8. Security valve. 9. Pressure balance valve. 10. Neoprene joint. 11. Stainless steel bolt kit. 7

8 SPECIFICATIONS FOR DOMESTIC HEATERS (HSW) Equipment Nbr. External Consumed Generated Volume (Gas 134-A) panels dimensions power* power* PST L 1.20 x 0.55 m vitro w 1,690-2,510 w PST L 1.40 x 0.55 m SST** w 1,690-2,510 w PST 200IS L 1.40 x 0.55 m SST w 2,800-3,650 w PST L 1.50 x 0.58 m vitro w 1,690-2,510 w PST L 1.80 x 0.55 m SST w 1,690-2,510 w PST 300 IS L 1.80 x 0.55 m SST w 2,800-3,650 w PST L 1.95 x 0.80 m SST w 2,800-3,650 w SPECIFICATIONS FOR GREAT VOLUME HEATERS (HSW) Equipment Panel External Consumed Generated Volume (Gas 134-A) Nbr. dimensions power* power* PST L 2.14 x 0.75 m SST 960-1,800 w 3,600-7,290 w PST L 2.19 x 0.85 m SST 960-1,800 w 3,600-7,290 w PST L 2.50 x 0.95 m SST 1,230-2,220 w 4,900-9,680 w PST L 2.60 x 1.10 m SST 1,440-2,625 w 5,500-11,240 w PST L 2.90 x 1.25 m SST 2,010-3,120 w 9,215-16,580 w PST 3000 B L 2.90 x 1.25 m SST 3,210-5,156 w 14,190-24,200 w PST L 2.96 x 1.45 m SST w 16,495-31,430 w PST L 3.10 x 1.60 m SST w 24,090-42,600 w PST L 2 x 2.90 x 1.25 m SST w 32,540-52,970 w * The electric power corresponds to the electric consumption depending on the water temperature, from 30 to 50 C, and the caloric power generated corresponds to the solar radiation quantity on the panel. **SST= Stainless Steel 8

9 COMPONENTS OF THE GREAT VOLUME THERMOACCUMULATORS 1. Thermodynamic solar collectors (2.00 x 0.80 m). 2. Thermoaccumulator. 3. Thermodynamic block (compressor), stainless steel case. 4. Electric heating element (optional). 5. The holders for the collectors are not included. 6. Magnesium anode. 7. The security valve is not included. 8. The pressure balance valve is not included. 9. Heat exchanger. Accessories needed for an optimal installation: when connecting our systems to metal pipings we must always use antigalvanic tubes. We also need pressure balance valves and security valves. The technician must remember to install an expansion vessel for HSW, with a minimum volume equivalent to 5 percent of the thermoaccumulator, at the cold water intake, in accordance with the sanitary rules and regulations. 190 L thermoheater with solar collector in light well or washing area. 120 collectors heating 600 m 3 in Tarragona (Spain) 9

10 SPECIFICATIONS FOR THERMODYNAMIC BLOCKS Models: PST 750, PST 1000, PST 4 space heating and PST 4 swimming-pools Technical features Description THERMODYNAMIC SOLAR COLLECTOR H = 800 mm, A = 200 mm, P = 20 mm, weight 8 kg approx. 30 micron anodized aluminium, molded-in roll-bond refrigeration circuit Nbr. of collectors 4, total weight = 32 kg. Exposed collecting surface 6,4 m 2 THERMODYNAMIC BLOCK **SST case with sound insulation Imput power Hermetic compressor COPELAND, Scroll* type Noise emission 1 m. from the thermodynamical block Refrigerant gas type H = 700 mm, A = 600 mm, P = 450 mm, weight 50 kg approx. Triphasic model 400 V or monophasic model 230 V, 50 Hz Electric power kw - Caloric power kw dba 407 C, system load = 1,5 kg Pipe for liquid Dehydrated copper, Ø 1/2 Suction tube Dehydrated copper, Ø 5/8 Expansion valve Dehydrating filter Oil separator Refrigerant container Sight glass Pressure controllers, HP and LP Digital thermostat Flow control valve Motor protector switch Phase detector (triphasics only) General circuit breaker Control panel with indicator lights Power connections to external water pump Connections to external thermostats Water pump SST** welded plate heat exchanger Danfoss, HP = 2.5 MPa max., LP = 0.2 MPa min. Optional No Model PST 4 C, min. volume 0.5 m 3 /h., p.c. m.c.a. = 2.5 m Titanium heat exchanger Model PST 4 P, two exchangers model Immersed serpentine heat exchanger Models PST 750 y PST 1000 * The electric power corresponds to the electric consumption depending on the water temperature, from 30 to 50 C, and the caloric power generated corresponds to the solar radiation quantity on the panel. **SST= Stainless Steel 10

11 Models: PST 1500, PST 6 space heating and PST 6 swimming-pools Technical features Description THERMODYNAMIC SOLAR COLLECTOR H = 800 mm, A = 200 mm, P = 20 mm, weight 8 kg approx. 30 micron anodized aluminium, molded-in roll-bond refrigeration circuit Nbr. of collectors 6, total weight = 48 kg. Exposed collecting surface 9,6 m 2 THERMODYNAMIC BLOCK **SST case with sound insulation Imput power Hermetic compressor COPELAND, Scroll* type Noise emission 1 m. from the thermodynamical block Refrigerant gas type H = 700 mm, A = 600 mm, P = 450 mm, weight 60 kg approx. Triphasic model 400 V or monophasic model 230 V, 50 Hz Electric power kw - Caloric power kw dba 407 C, system load = 1,6 kg Pipe for liquid Dehydrated copper, Ø 1/2 Suction tube Dehydrated copper, Ø 5/8 Expansion valve Dehydrating filter Oil separator Refrigerant container Sight glass Pressure controllers, HP and LP Digital thermostat Flow control valve Motor protector switch Phase detector (triphasics only) General circuit breaker Control panel with indicator lights Power connections to external water pump Connections to external thermostats Water pump SST** welded plate heat exchanger Danfoss, HP = 2.5 MPa max., LP = 0.2 MPa min. Optional No Model PST 6 C, min. volume 0.7 m 3 /h., p.c. m.c.a. = 2.5 m Titanium heat exchanger Model PST 6 P, two exchangers model Immersed serpentine heat exchanger Models PST 1500 * The electric power corresponds to the electric consumption depending on the water temperature, from 30 to 50 C, and the caloric power generated corresponds to the solar radiation quantity on the panel. **SST= Stainless Steel 11

12 Models: PST 2000, PST 8 space heating and PST 8 swimming-pools Technical features THERMODYNAMIC SOLAR COLLECTOR Description H = 800 mm, A = 200 mm, P = 20 mm, weight 8 kg approx. 30 micron anodized aluminium, molded-in roll-bond refrigeration circuit Nbr. of collectors 8, total weight = 64 kg. Exposed collecting surface 12,8 m 2 THERMODYNAMIC BLOCK **SST case with sound insulation Imput power Hermetic compressor COPELAND, Scroll* type Noise emission 1 m. from the thermodynamical block Refrigerant gas type H = 700 mm, A = 600 mm, P = 450 mm, weight 70 kg approx. Triphasic model 400 V or monophasic model 230 V, 50 Hz Electric power kw - Caloric power kw dba 407 C, system load = 1,8 kg Pipe for liquid Dehydrated copper, Ø 1/2 Suction tube Dehydrated copper, Ø 5/8 Expansion valve Dehydrating filter Oil separator Refrigerant container Sight glass Pressure controllers, HP and LP Digital thermostat Flow control valve Motor protector switch Phase detector (triphasics only) General circuit breaker Control panel with indicator lights Power connections to external water pump Connections to external thermostats Water pump SST** welded plate heat exchanger Danfoss, HP = 2.5 MPa max., LP = 0.2 MPa min. Optional No Model PST 6 C, min. volume 0.8 m 3 /h., p.c. m.c.a. = 2.7 m Titanium heat exchanger Model PST 6 P, two exchangers model Immersed serpentine heat exchanger Models PST 1500 * The electric power corresponds to the electric consumption depending on the water temperature, from 30 to 50 C, and the caloric power generated corresponds to the solar radiation quantity on the panel. **SST= Stainless Steel 12

13 Models: PST 3000, PST 12 space heating and PST 12 swimming-pools Technical features THERMODYNAMIC SOLAR COLLECTOR Description H = 800 mm, A = 200 mm, P = 20 mm, weight 8 kg approx. 30 micron anodized aluminium, molded-in roll-bond refrigeration circuit Nbr. of collectors 12, total weight = 96 kg. Exposed collecting surface 19,2 m 2 THERMODYNAMIC BLOCK **SST case with sound insulation Imput power Hermetic compressor COPELAND, Scroll* type Noise emission 1 m. from the thermodynamical block Refrigerant gas type H = 700 mm, A = 600 mm, P = 450 mm, weight 80 kg approx. Triphasic model 400 V or monophasic model 230 V, 50 Hz Electric power kw - Caloric power kw dba 407 C, system load = 2,0 kg Pipe for liquid Dehydrated copper, Ø 1/2 Suction tube Dehydrated copper, Ø 5/8 Expansion valve Dehydrating filter Oil separator Refrigerant container Sight glass Pressure controllers, HP and LP Digital thermostat Flow control valve Motor protector switch Phase detector (triphasics only) General circuit breaker Control panel with indicator lights Power connections to external water pump Connections to external thermostats Water pump SST** welded plate heat exchanger Danfoss, HP = 2.5 MPa max., LP = 0.2 MPa min. Optional No Model PST 12 C, min. volume 1.0 m 3 /h., p.c. m.c.a. = 3.0 m Titanium heat exchanger Model PST 12 P, two exchangers model Immersed serpentine heat exchanger Models PST 3000 * The electric power corresponds to the electric consumption depending on the water temperature, from 30 to 50 C, and the caloric power generated corresponds to the solar radiation quantity on the panel. **SST= Stainless Steel 13

14 Models: PST 3000 B, PST 16 space heating and PST 16 swimming-pools Technical features THERMODYNAMIC SOLAR COLLECTOR Description H = 800 mm, A = 200 mm, P = 20 mm, weight 8 kg approx. 30 micron anodized aluminium, molded-in roll-bond refrigeration circuit Nbr. of collectors 16, total weight = 128 kg. Exposed collecting surface 26,6 m 2 THERMODYNAMIC BLOCK **SST case with sound insulation Imput power Hermetic compressor COPELAND, Scroll* type Noise emission 1 m. from the thermodynamical block Refrigerant gas type H = 900 mm, A = 800 mm, P = 500 mm, weight 100 kg approx. Triphasic model 400 V, 50 Hz Electric power kw - Caloric power kw dba 407 C, system load = 2.8 kg Pipe for liquid Dehydrated copper, Ø 3/4 Suction tube Dehydrated copper, Ø 7/8 Expansion valve Dehydrating filter Oil separator Refrigerant container Sight glass Pressure controllers, HP and LP Digital thermostat Flow control valve Motor protector switch Phase detector (triphasics only) General circuit breaker Control panel with indicator lights Power connections to external water pump Connections to external thermostats Water pump SST** welded plate heat exchanger Danfoss, HP = 2.5 MPa max., LP = 0.2 MPa min. Optional No Model PST 16 C, min. volume 1.5 m 3 /h., p.c. m.c.a. = 3.5 m Titanium heat exchanger Model PST 16 P, two exchangers model Immersed serpentine heat exchanger Models PST 3000 * The electric power corresponds to the electric consumption depending on the water temperature, from 30 to 50 C, and the caloric power generated corresponds to the solar radiation quantity on the panel. **SST= Stainless Steel 14

15 Models: PST 4000, PST 24 space heating and PST 24 swimming-pools Technical features THERMODYNAMIC SOLAR COLLECTOR Description H = 800 mm, A = 200 mm, P = 20 mm, weight 8 kg approx. 30 micron anodized aluminium, molded-in roll-bond refrigeration circuit Nbr. of collectors 24, total weight = 192 kg. Exposed collecting surface 38.4 m 2 THERMODYNAMIC BLOCK **SST case with sound insulation Imput power Hermetic compressor COPELAND, Scroll* type Noise emission 1 m. from the thermodynamical block Refrigerant gas type H = 900 mm, A = 800 mm, P = 500 mm, weight 120 kg approx. Triphasic model 400 V, 50 Hz Electric power kw - Caloric power kw dba 407 C, system load = 3.0 kg Pipe for liquid Dehydrated copper, Ø 3/4 Suction tube Dehydrated copper, Ø 1 1/8 Expansion valve Dehydrating filter Oil separator Refrigerant container Sight glass Pressure controllers, HP and LP Digital thermostat Flow control valve Motor protector switch Phase detector (triphasics only) General circuit breaker Control panel with indicator lights Power connections to external water pump Connections to external thermostats Water pump SST** welded plate heat exchanger Danfoss, HP = 2.5 MPa max., LP = 0.2 MPa min. Optional No Model PST 24 C, min. volume 2.8 m 3 /h., p.c. m.c.a. = 5 m Titanium heat exchanger Model PST 24 P, two exchangers model Immersed serpentine heat exchanger Models PST 4000 * The electric power corresponds to the electric consumption depending on the water temperature, from 30 to 50 C, and the caloric power generated corresponds to the solar radiation quantity on the panel. **SST= Stainless Steel 15

16 Models: PST 5000, PST 32 space heating and PST 32 swimming-pools Technical features THERMODYNAMIC SOLAR COLLECTOR Description H = 800 mm, A = 200 mm, P = 20 mm, weight 8 kg approx. 30 micron anodized aluminium, molded-in roll-bond refrigeration circuit Nbr. of collectors 32, total weight = 256 kg. Exposed collecting surface 51.2 m 2 THERMODYNAMIC BLOCK **SST case with sound insulation Imput power Hermetic compressor COPELAND, Scroll* type Noise emission 1 m. from the thermodynamical block Refrigerant gas type H = 900 mm, A = 800 mm, P = 500 mm, weight 120 kg approx. Triphasic model 400 V, 50 Hz Electric power kw - Caloric power kw dba 407 C, system load = 3.5 kg Pipe for liquid Dehydrated copper, Ø 7/8 Suction tube Dehydrated copper, Ø 1 1/8 Expansion valve Dehydrating filter Oil separator Refrigerant container Sight glass Pressure controllers, HP and LP Digital thermostat Flow control valve Motor protector switch Phase detector (triphasics only) General circuit breaker Control panel with indicator lights Power connections to external water pump Connections to external thermostats Water pump SST** welded plate heat exchanger Danfoss, HP = 2.5 MPa max., LP = 0.2 MPa min. Optional No Model PST 32 C, min. volume 4.0 m 3 /h., p.c. m.c.a. = 6 m Titanium heat exchanger Model PST 32 P, two exchangers model Immersed serpentine heat exchanger Models PST 5000 * The electric power corresponds to the electric consumption depending on the water temperature, from 30 to 50 C, and the caloric power generated corresponds to the solar radiation quantity on the panel. **SST= Stainless Steel 16

17 Models: PST 6000, PST 40 space heating and PST 40 swimming-pools Technical features THERMODYNAMIC SOLAR COLLECTOR Description H = 800 mm, A = 200 mm, P = 20 mm, weight 8 kg approx. 30 micron anodized aluminium, molded-in roll-bond refrigeration circuit Nbr. of collectors 40, total weight = 320 kg. Exposed collecting surface 64.0 m 2 THERMODYNAMIC BLOCK **SST case with sound insulation Imput power Hermetic compressor COPELAND, Scroll* type Noise emission 1 m. from the thermodynamical block Refrigerant gas type H = 900 mm, A = 800 mm, P = 500 mm, weight 120 kg approx. Triphasic model 400 V, 50 Hz Electric power kw - Caloric power kw dba 407 C, system load = 5.5 kg Pipe for liquid Dehydrated copper, Ø 7/8 Suction tube Dehydrated copper, Ø 1 3/8 Expansion valve Dehydrating filter Oil separator Refrigerant container Sight glass Pressure controllers, HP and LP Digital thermostat Flow control valve Motor protector switch Phase detector (triphasics only) General circuit breaker Control panel with indicator lights Power connections to external water pump Connections to external thermostats Water pump SST** welded plate heat exchanger Danfoss, HP = 2.5 MPa max., LP = 0.2 MPa min. Optional No Model PST 40 C, min. volume 5.0 m 3 /h., p.c. m.c.a. = 6 m Titanium heat exchanger Model PST 40 P, two exchangers model Immersed serpentine heat exchanger Models PST 6000 * The electric power corresponds to the electric consumption depending on the water temperature, from 30 to 50 C, and the caloric power generated corresponds to the solar radiation quantity on the panel. **SST= Stainless Steel 17

18 EFFICIENCY CURVES Ambient temperature ( C) PST 04 day night PST 06 day night PST 08 day night PST 12 day night Caloric power (kw) Caloric power (kw) Caloric power (kw) Caloric power (kw) ,5 9 7,5 6 4,5 3 1,

19 Ambient temperature ( C) PST 16 day night PST 24 day night PST 32 day night PST 40 day night Caloric power (kw) Caloric power (kw) Caloric power (kw) Caloric power (kw)

20 HOT SANITARY WATER SOLAR COLLECTOR Weight: 8 kg 30 micron anodized aluminium Over 50 C Hot sanitary water Magnesium anode Domestic heaters 150 litre 1 collector 250 litre 1 collector 300 litre 1 collector 300 litre 2 collectors 500 litre 2 collectors Vitreous enamel tank Stainless steel Tank (SST Tank) System loading Pressure balance valve 3 bar Security valve THE EQUIPMENT IN THIS COLOURED BOX IS THE ONLY ONE PROVIDED BY SOLAR PST Refrigerant liquid R134 A Expansion vessel (2) 2. Expansion vessel: When water gets hot, its volume expands. The expansion vessel compensates, by means of an inner elastic membrane, for the excess pressure in the pipes. Gas piping Cold water Hot water 20

21 HIGH-VOLUME HOT WATER SYSTEM HOT SANITARY WATER Thermostate Serpentine heat exchanger Liquid R407 Gas Gas 407 C Liquid 407 C COLD WATER INTAKE SOLAR COLLECTORS SINGLE-PHASE Up to 12 collectors THREE-PHASE 4 to 40 collectors THE EQUIPMENT IN THIS COLOURED BOX IS THE ONLY ONE PROVIDED BY SOLAR PST THERMODYNAMIC BLOCK Refrigerant liquid R407 Gas piping Liquid 407C Gas 407C 21

22 HIGH-VOLUME HOT WATER SYSTEM PLUS BACKUP POWER HOT SANITARY WATER BOILER Thermostate Expansion vessel (2) Thermostate Serpentine heat exchangers Liquid R407 Gas Gas 407 C Liquid 407 C COLD WATER INTAKE SOLAR COLLECTORS SINGLE-PHASE Up to 12 collectors THREE-PHASE 4 to 40 collectors THE EQUIPMENT IN THIS COLOURED BOX IS THE ONLY ONE PROVIDED BY SOLAR PST THERMODYNAMIC BLOCK Refrigerant liquid R407 Gas piping Liquid 407C Gas 407C 2. Expansion vessel: When water gets hot, its volume expands. The expansion vessel compensates, by means of an inner elastic membrane, for the excess pressure in the pipes. 22

23 CENTRAL HEATING Air vent RADIATORS Ambient thermostat Liquid R407 Gas Circulation pump SOLAR COLLECTORS SINGLE-PHASE Up to 12 collectors THREE-PHASE 4 to 40 collectors Flow control valve (1) THE EQUIPMENT IN THIS COLOURED BOX IS THE ONLY ONE PROVIDED BY SOLAR PST THERMODYNAMIC BLOCK Expansion vessel (2) (1) Flow control valve: Stops the machine when there is no water or air into the pipes. (2) Expansion vessel: When water gets hot, its volume expands. The expansion vessel compensates, by means of an inner elastic membrane, for the excess pressure in the pipes. Refrigerant liquid R407 Gas piping Cold water Hot water 23

24 CENTRAL HEATING + HOT SANITARY WATER Air vent RADIATORS Ambient thermostat HOT SANITARY WATER Three-way valve Thermoaccumulator Hot sanitary water thermostat Liquid R407 Gas Circulation pump COLD WATER INTAKE SOLAR COLLECTORS SINGLE-PHASE Up to 12 collectors THREE-PHASE 4 to 40 collectors Flow control valve (1) THE EQUIPMENT IN THIS COLOURED BOX IS THE ONLY ONE PROVIDED BY SOLAR PST THERMODYNAMIC BLOCK Expansion vessel (2) (1) Flow control valve: Stops the machine when there is no water or air into the pipes. (2) Expansion vessel: When water gets hot, its volume expands. The expansion vessel compensates, by means of an inner elastic membrane, for the excess pressure in the pipes. Refrigerant liquid R407 Gas piping Cold water Hot water 24

25 CENTRAL HEATING + HOT SANITARY WATER + SWIMMING-POOL Air vent Ambient thermostat Swimming-pool thermostate SWIMMING-POOL Titanium exchangers Filter Pre-filter RADIATORS Three-way valve HOT SANITARY WATER Three-way valve Thermoaccumulator Hot sanitary water thermostat Liquid R407 Gas Circulation pump COLD WATER INTAKE SOLAR COLLECTORS SINGLE-PHASE Up to 12 collectors THREE-PHASE 4 to 40 collectors Flow control valve (1) THE EQUIPMENT IN THIS COLOURED BOX IS THE ONLY ONE PROVIDED BY SOLAR PST THERMODYNAMIC BLOCK Expansion vessel (2) (1) Flow control valve: Stops the machine when there is no water or air into the pipes. (2) Expansion vessel: When water gets hot, its volume expands. The expansion vessel compensates, by means of an inner elastic membrane, for the excess pressure in the pipes. Refrigerant liquid R407 Gas piping Cold water Hot water 25

26 CENTRAL HEATING + HOT SANITARY WATER + BACKUP POWER Air vent RADIATORS Ambient thermostat HOT SANITARY WATER Three-way valve Thermoaccumulator Hot sanitary water thermostat Liquid R407 Gas Circulation pump COLD WATER INTAKE SOLAR COLLECTORS BOILER SINGLE-PHASE Up to 12 collectors THREE-PHASE 4 to 40 collectors Flow control valve (1) THE EQUIPMENT IN THIS COLOURED BOX IS THE ONLY ONE PROVIDED BY SOLAR PST THERMODYNAMIC BLOCK Expansion vessel (2) (1) Flow control valve: Stops the machine when there is no water or air into the pipes. (2) Expansion vessel: When water gets hot, its volume expands. The expansion vessel compensates, by means of an inner elastic membrane, for the excess pressure in the pipes. Refrigerant liquid R407 Gas piping Cold water Hot water 26

27 SPACE AND SWIMMING POOL-HEATING EQUIPMENT INCLUDING SOLENOID VALVES Solenoid valves Titanium exchangers SWIMMING-POOL Filter Pre-filter Swimming-pool thermostate DEHUMIDIFIER Liquid R407 Gas Circulation pump SOLAR COLLECTORS SINGLE-PHASE Up to 12 collectors THREE-PHASE 4 to 40 collectors Flow control valve (1) THE EQUIPMENT IN THIS COLOURED BOX IS THE ONLY ONE PROVIDED BY SOLAR PST THERMODYNAMIC BLOCK (1) Flow control valve: Stops the machine when there is no water or air into the pipes. (2) Expansion vessel: When water gets hot, its volume expands. The expansion vessel compensates, by means of an inner elastic membrane, for the excess pressure in the pipes. Expansion vessel (2) Refrigerant liquid R407 Gas piping Cold water Hot water 27

28 FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS (FAQs) If it is cloudy, rainy or very windy for several days in a row and the external temperature is only 5 or 10 degrees, will hot water be available?, it will. Is it necessary a special plumbing installation? No, we simply connect the heater to the hot water piping or substitute the old heater for one of ours. Can this system be used for central heating?, preferably with radiant floors, aluminium radiators and convectors. Must these collectors be deployed on the roof? No. They can be attached to façades or to lightwell walls, and they do not need any protection against the wind. Our Solar PST collectors work with rain, wind and sun. Are these collectors fit to heat a swimming pool or for a high consumption of hot water?, see section about high consumption. Should the roof be reinforced or do I need an architectural technician to project a design for the installation? No, considering the collector only weighs 8 kg and its reduced dimensions no reinforcement or architectural assesments are needed. No, the system does not heat more, but it gets to 50 degrees Celsius in half the time. The water in a 300 L. heater reaches a temperature of 50 degrees Celsius in 3 hours instead of 6 hours. Does the thermoaccumulator need much space? No. The 300 litre thermoaccumulator is 180 cm. tall and 55 cm. across. Can these collectors produce electric energy? No, they only heat water. Must these collectors be deployed in any particular way, they must be facing south, with an inclination angle between 45 and 90 degrees. In the event of a gas leak, is it hazardous? No, it is 100% ecological and non-toxic. Is regular maintenance necessary? No, only if there are any leaks caused by cracks. In the event of a higher than expected consumption of water or a thermoaccumulator failure, what happens? The Solar PST thermoaccumulator (Domestic HSW) is provided with an electric backup which will only manual-start in the event of a failure or an unusual consumption of hot water. Is it necessary any special power socket? Do we get more heat if we install two collectors? No, just a regular one, the type fit for a small refrigerator. 28

29 What distance should the collector be installed from the thermoaccumulator? The distance between them should never surpass 10 metres long. At further distances a stronger compressor should be needed. Is the equipment guaranteed? The collectors are made of 30 micron anodized aluminium, the container is made of stainless steel, and the external case is made of highimpact polystyrene. Are these collectors fit to be installed in mountain places, where temperatures are very low? It is. The thermodynamic block is 2 year guaranteed and collectors are 15 year guaranteed. Does the equipment consume a lot of electricity?, although they will work as conventional solar plates. They will only provide heat when the sun is shinning, but there will be no risk of a system freeze. Is it possible to change the collector colour? No, a 50 L. electric thermoaccumulator consumes 1,200 w. Our 300 L. thermoaccumulator plus a Solar PST collector consume just 390 w. We do not reccomend it, because its efficiency is better in its original opaque black colour, but it can be painted in a brick-red colour in warmer places Is this equipment eligible for autonomous communities incentives?. Every autonomous community offers subsidies for this type of alternative energy installations. For instance: the Community of Madrid offers 2,400 euros per installation, Galicia and others cover up to 40% of the investment, depending on the agency and its resources. Does this equipment operate as a heat pump? No. A heat pump requires mechanical ventilation with an enormous consumption of energy and produces excessive environmental noise. At low temperatures it needs electric heating elements, decreasing its efficieny. Are these equipments certified? What material are the collectors and the equipment made of? They comply with Directives 73/23 CEE and 93/68 CEE. 29

30 Swimming-pool at Liceo La Paz school (400 m 3 ). La Coruña El Dorado Playa club (Engine room. 600 m 3 swimming-pool) Cambrils, Tarragona. 30

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32 Polígono industrial de Bergondo C/ parroquia de Rois, nave F1, edf. Telemo Post code Bergondo - La Coruña - España Fax: info@solarpst.com