Technical Information. Flat Glass

Transcription

1 Technical Information Flat Glass

2 Ferro: enhancing life through superior materials performance Headquartered in Mayfield Heights, Ohio, USA, Ferro Corporation is a world leading producer of Performance Materials, with operations in 20 countries across Europe, Asia and the Americas. We apply core technologies in organic and inorganic chemistry to develop leading market positions in a diverse range of industries. Our mission is to achieve market leadership through a customer-focused and highly creative organisation committed to delivering top quality products and outstanding services to customers worldwide. Our materials are used to add value to, and to improve the performance of products in a variety of end markets including building and renovation, home appliances, cookware, giftware and tableware, transportation, household furnishings, leisure, electronics and industrial products. We are among the world s leading suppliers of ceramic glazes and colors, glass decoration, speciality glasses and porcelain enamel coatings. We pioneered the development of forehearth color technology for coloring of glass. Our global commitment to quality, reliability, innovation and personal customer care is founded on over 80 years of experience in serving the changing needs of industry, from our international network of manufacturing plants and service centres. Our commitment to quality management has been recognised with the award of ISO9001 accreditation to all of our global manufacturing and research facilities. Meeting the needs of the Color World calls for great foresight, flexibility and innovation Our global presence is a strong competitive advantage. Technical, marketing and management personnel are in continuous contact with customers in every major region. Multinational customers can be assured of standard products and consistent quality wherever they have operations. We co-ordinate our R&D activities globally and use our international talent to ensure that product specifications and performance are designed to satisfy the specific requirements demanded by regional markets. Ferro views the world-wide concern for the environment as an opportunity to develop improved products and also to participate in chemical industry effor ts to address public concern. Environmental concerns are a major driving force behind the evolution of our lead- and cadmium-free technology and our low VOC decoration systems. The markets we cover are extremely serviceintensive. Ferro has established regional color matching, blending/pasting and technical support facilities, to provide the level of service demanded by our customers in all time zones. Think of us as High Performance Partners to manufacturers around the world... Helping to create and enhance many of the products you use and enjoy every day of your life.

3 Technical Information FG01 Flat Glass Enamel Decoration Systems Performance Colors & Glass Main Markets Ferro s flat glass colors are specially formulated for decoration of glass during the tempering process. Our products are designed for domestic appliance glass oven doors, control panels, refrigerator and freezer shelves, microwave doors architectural glass spandrel panels, shower screens, advertising, internal glass doors and partitions glass furniture tabletops, kitchen cabinets, wall cupboard doors, display cabinets. Global Product Systems Ferro has rationalised its color ranges to create a number of Global Product Systems. The market trend and our recommendation is toward the increasing use of our new generation lead-free systems. The basic components and final colors from these ranges are made at our major manufacturing sites around the world and controlled according to standard Ferro processes and specifications. In this way, we control quality standards to the exacting requirements specified by our customers and the final end user markets. Content Flat Glass Enamel Decoration Systems 1-2 Main Markets Global Product Systems Lead-free Technology Lead-free Guarantees Ferro Decoration Systems 3-17 Lead-free and Cadmium-free Color Chart System 140 Standard Intermixable Lead-Free Range s1de ONE Intermixable Range LustReflex RAL Shades NCS Shades Basic Properties Thermal Expansion Firing Temperature Durability Methods of Use and Recommendations Screenprinting Roller-coating Spraying Curtain-coating Decoration Medium Systems Water-soluble Water-based Oil-based Weathering Test Procedures Decoration Equipment Literature References 37 The Complete Ferro Package for Glass 38

4 page 2/38 Lead-Free Technology Ferro was the first glass color supplier to offer leadfree enamels for flat glass. The current generation of products, which benefit from recent technology advances, are lead-free and cadmium-free, designed to: satisfy the needs of glass manufacturers and decorators arising from the latest legislation for Health & Safety in the workplace satisfy the needs of the end markets especially building and appliance glass - arising from the latest legislation reinforce our commitment to the Chemical Industry s Responsible Care program, in relation to the health and safety of our own workforce and to the protection of the environment Our R&D teams are working on continuous improvements in our technologies and final product systems to support the replacement of the traditional lead-containing products. These programs have already led to significant improvements in brightness and chemical durability for our heavy metal-free enamels. Beside that, the innovation program has resulted in our new hidurable s1de ONE enamels for decoration of the exterior side of glass facades. This system is delivering a new range of exciting special effects to the architect. Lead-Free Guarantees Our System140 and s1de ONE glass enamels are designed to be heavy metal free, which means that they do not contain intentional additions of Pb, Cd, CrVI and Hg. They are provided with the following guarantees to meet the requirements of the European RoHS Directive 2011/65/EU: Pb, CrVI, Hg: max. content 1000 ppm; Cd max. content 100 ppm

5 page 3/38 Ferro s Decoration Systems for Flat Glass System140 Lead-Free Colors Intermixable colors that meet the requirements of the European RoHS Directive 2011/65/EUROHS, including etch & metallic-effects System140 Plus System140+ cadmium-containing red, orange and yellow colors System140 Plus is an extended lead-free range, introduced by request for customers specifying bright shades, containing cadmium. A big advantage of System140 Plus is that our Cd-containing colors are well intermixable with our Cd-free colors of System140. s1de ONE Lead-free, Cadmium-free, Hi - Durable Colors Fully intermixable lead-free colors for Surface 1 This new color range is specially developed for Surface 1 application and all s1de ONE colors have extremely high chemical and weathering resistance, compared with traditional flat glass enamels. This allows them to be used for first surface applications, where the decoration is applied to exterior surfaces directly exposed to the elements. These resistant colors can also be used to produce interesting designs for kitchen work surfaces. Compared to conventional flat glass enamels applied on Surface 2 and viewed through the glass, s1de ONE enamels provide architects with a much wider range of design possibilities and special effects. Durable colors replicating effects such as wood, stone and metal are now within reach for the architectural designer. The reflection properties of these enamels provide the big advantage to remove extensively the typical mirror effect of glass facades. The surface properties of s1de ONE enable interesting design combinations to be achieved when coupled with the natural transparency and reflection of the glass. Ferro s basic color ranges are designed to provide our customers with the flexibility they need to satisfy their individual processing and market requirements. Where customers prefer to make their own inhouse color matchings, we recommend our intermixable color systems. These comprise standardised colors that are intermixable, to achieve the widest possible color range. The base Systems consist of white, black and several chromatic enamels, all of which are formulated with strict controls to minimise color drift, resulting in superior lot-to-lot consistency. Most of the markets we serve have moved to our lead-free System140 colors for environmental reasons and because of existing or impending Governmental regulation. As an additional value-added service, we are offering a computerised Datacolor matching system for our System140 as well as s1de ONE, which includes a full package of software, with colorimetric data for the standards and many color matchings. For customers who prefer us to make their color matchings for them, our local technical service teams offer the additional option of custom-color matching. LustReflex Hi-reflective coatings Screen-printable semi-mirror coatings LustReflex is a chemically durable partially transparent mirror coating which is screen-printable and roller-coatable and provides a cost-effective alternative to similar coatings applied by PVD ( sputter ) or CVD. By its very nature, LustReflex allows the application of mirror patterns in combination with other colors and designs. LustReflex can be used in glass design for appliance, architectural and furniture markets and works well in combination with System 140. Two variants are currently available - Gold LustReflex TLU0055A and Silver LustReflex TLU0050A, which because of its hardness is also suitable for outside application.

6 page 4/38 Mixability and Color Shades 1. System140 Intermixable Product Range Product Color Shade Reference Base colors Light Green Blue-Green Green Dark Blue Royal Blue (semitransparent) Traffic Blue Yellow Lemon Yellow Maize Yellow Black (recommended mix black) Dark Grey Chocolate Brown Red-Brown White (recommended mix white) Intensive Colors High Opaque Black Very High Opaque Black High Opaque White Transparent Colorless White Imitation Etch Standard Etch Use (90T) * Special Etch Screen for etches Metallic effect colors Gold (48T) mesh Sterling Silver per cm screen Bronze recommended Red for metallics Silver (* Etch has optimum light diffusion; enhanced, wider firing range) 2. System140 Plus Brilliant Cadmium-Containing Intermixable Colors Product Color Shade Reference Opaque colors Yellow Carmine Red Traffic Red Pure Orange System140 colors are free of intentional added lead and cadmium They are intermixable in all proportions. Black is recommended as a mixing black White is recommended as a mixing white. With our intermixable lead-free colors, a minimum number of standards can create the widest range of color shades. In all cases, we always recommend that our standards and mixes are test fired before committing them to production scale-up. System140 delivers a range of colors with optimum opacity and gloss after firing. Intermixing with transparent flux can create more gloss and increases in translucency (lower opacity). We urge caution when creating translucent mixes and/or using our Cd-containing colors from System140 Plus, and always recommend full testing and firing under production conditions, with fullsized glass, prior to final approval.

7 page 5/38 Processing parameters - e.g. applied film layer thickness, drying and furnace set-up conditions (glass loading, atmosphere, firing position) - can each influence the color shade after firing. Especially Cd-containing colors are sensitive to both kiln set-up and residues at the glass surface. Color tone is also influenced by the surface treatment of the glass. For float glass, decorating on the Sn-side (tin bath side) results in a different color shade than on the air-side of the glass. Enamels are made in batch processing with certain specified tolerances. Based on that, small color shade variations from batch to batch are possible. For large projects we therefore offer to produce the complete needed enamel quantity in one batch to prevent such variations. Ferro System140 represents the state-of-the-art in environmentally-friendly decoration of flat glass, for architectural, appliance and furniture glass 3. s1de ONE Basic Intermixable Product Range Product Color Shade Reference Base colors Green Royal blue (semitransparent) Yellow Black Red-brown White Imitation Etch Etch use (90T) screen We recommend in general that customers test the s1de ONE colors under specific factory production conditions. By using combinations of the standard free intermixable colors, our s1de ONE colors can be used to re-create interesting special effects, most notably wood and stone imitations. All the colors have been tested according with the test norms applicable for architectural glass. Test results are available from our technical service teams. Additionally, the base colors have been tested for exterior exposure using typical architectural durability tests, such as the EN norm. Based on these tests, a warranty statement can be provided for exterior decorations on building glass. 4. System140 Recommended Mixtures Using our unique Datacolor computer color matching system, we have built a comprehensive portfolio of mixings based on the intermixable System140 lead-free colors. Matchings for some important RAL and NCS shades are included in the following pages. The mixing recommendations for the referenced RAL and NCS numbers are indicative based on laboratory experimentation. In general for such recommendations, recipes based on different basic enamel combinations might exist. We recommend that the mixed shades be tested under customer specific conditions of application and firing. Actual results will depend on production conditions like glass type, enamel layer thickness, firing conditions, etc. The tests have been made on 6 mm thick glass.

8 page 6/38 RAL Shades matched through 6 mm float glass RAL Shade P 1 % P 2 % P 3 % P4 % Comment 1000 Green beige , , ,00 dependend on glass 1001 Beige , , ,50 ok Product code 1002 Sand yellow , , ,80 ok 1003 Signal yellow , ,50 ok 1004 Golden yellow 1005 Honey yellow , , ,50 best possible 1006 Maize yellow , , ,00 best possible 1006 Maize yellow ,00 ok, Cd- free Daffodil yellow , ,00 best possible 1011 Brown beige , , ,70 best possible 1012 Lemon yellow , , ,00 best possible 1012 Lemon yellow , ,60 best possible 1013 Oyster white , , ,00 best possible VJN Ivory , , ,90 best possible 1015 Light ivory , , ,50 best possible 1016 Sulfur yellow , ,00 best possible VJN Saffron yellow , , ,00 best possible 1018 Zinc yellow , , ,00 best possible 1019 Grey beige , , , ,70 best possible VJN Olive yellow , , , ,00 best possible 1021 Rape yellow VJN ,00 best possible VJN raffic yellow , ,00 ok 1024 Ochre yellow , , ,10 best possible 1026 Luminous yellow Currently not feasable 1027 Curry , , ,00 better feasible 1028 Melon yellow 1032 Broom yellow 1033 Dahlia yellow 1034 Pastel yellow , , ,00 best possible 1035 Pearl beige , ,00 ok VJN Pearl gold , ,00 ok VJN Sun yellow 2000 Yellow orange , , ,00 best possible VJN Red orange , ,80 best possible 2002 Vermilion , ,00 ok VJN Pastel orange , ,00 best possible 2004 Pure orange ,00 ok 2005 Luminous orange currently not feasible 2007 Lumin. bright orange currently not feasible

9 page 7/38 RAL Shade P 1 % P 2 % P 3 % P4 % Comment 2008 Bright red orange Product code 2009 Traffic orange ,00 ok Signal orange , ,00 ok 2011 Deep orange 2012 Salmon orange , , ,00 best possible 2013 Pearl orange , ,00 ok 3000 Flame red , ,00 ok VJN Signal red , ,00 ok VJN Carmine red , ,00 ok VJN Ruby red , ,00 best possible VJN Purple red , , , ,00 best possible 3005 Wine red , , ,00 best possible 3007 Black red , , , ,00 ok 3009 Oxide red , ,00 best possible VJN Brown red , , ,00 ok 3012 Beige red , , best possible 3013 Tomato red , , , ,40 ok 3014 Antique pink , , ,00 best possible 3015 Light pink , ,00 best possible 3016 Coral red , , , ,80 ok 3017 Rose , , ,00 best possible 3018 Strawberry red , , ,00 best possible VJN Traffic red ,00 ok Salmon pink , , ,00 best possible 3024 Luminous red currently not feasible 3026 Luminous bright red currently not feasible 3027 Raspberry red , , ,00 best possible VJN Pure red , ,00 best possible 3031 Orient red , , , ,00 best possible 3032 Pearl ruby red 3033 Pearl pink , ,00 ok 4001 Red lilac currently not feasible 4002 Red violet , ,00 best possible 4003 Heather violet currently not feasible 4004 Claret violet currently not feasible 4005 Blue lilac currently not feasible 4006 Traffic purple currently not feasible 4007 Purple violet , , ,00 best possible 4008 Signal violet currently not feasible

10 page 8/38 RAL Shade P 1 % P 2 % P 3 % P4 % Comment 4009 Pastel violet , , ,00 ok Product code 4010 Telemagenta currently not feasible 4011 Pearl violet currently not feasible 4012 Pearl blackberry currently not feasible 5000 Violet blue , , ,00 best possible 5001 Green blue , , ,00 ok 5002 Ultramirine blue currently not feasible 5003 Sapphire blue , ,20 best possible 5003 Sapphire blue , , ,00 best possible 5004 Black blue , ,00 best possible 5005 Signal blue , ,00 ok VJN Brillant blue , , ,00 ok 5008 Grey blue , , , ,30 ok 5009 Azure blue , , , ,20 ok 5010 Gentian blue , ,00 ok VJN Steel blue , , ,00 ok 5012 Light blue , , ,00 best possible VJN Cobalt blue currently not feasible 5014 Pigeon blue , , ,00 ok VJN Sky blue , ,00 best possible VJN Traffic blue , , ,00 ok VJN Turquoise blue , , ,00 ok 5019 Capri blue , , , ,20 ok VJN Ocean blue , , ,00 ok 5021 Water blue , , ,60 ok 5022 Night blue currently not feasible 5023 Distant blue , , ,00 best possible 5024 Pastel blue , , ,00 better feasible 5025 Pearl gentian blue , , ,00 ok 5026 Pearl night blue currently not feasible 6000 Pastina green , , ,40 ok VJN Emerald green , , ,60 best possible 6002 Leaf green , , , ,00 ok 6003 Olive green , , , ,70 ok 6004 Blue green , , ,00 ok VJN Moss green , , ,00 best possible 6006 Grey olive , , ,90 ok 6007 Bottle green , , ,00 best possible 6008 Brown green , , ,40 best possible 6009 Fir green , , ,00 ok 6010 Grass green , , ,00 best possible VJN 1054

11 page 9/38 RAL Shade P 1 % P 2 % P 3 % P4 % Comment 6011 Reseda green , , ,00 best possible Product code 6012 Black green , , , ,50 ok 6013 Reed green , , , ,00 ok 6014 Yellow olive , , ,00 best possible 6015 Black olive , , ,00 ok 6016 Turquoise green , ,30 ok 6017 May green , ,00 ok 6018 Yellow green , ,00 better feasible VJN Yellow green , , ,00 ok 6019 Pastel green , , ,50 best possible 6020 Chrome green , ,00 best possible VJN Pale green , , , ,00 best possible VJN Olive drab , , ,00 ok 6024 Traffic green , ,00 ok 6025 Fern green , , ,00 ok 6026 Opal green , , ,00 ok 6027 Light green , , ,00 better feasible 6028 Pine green , , ,50 ok 6029 Mint green , ,00 ok 6032 Signal green ,00 ok Mint turquoise , , ,00 ok 6034 Pastel turquoise , , ,00 ok 6035 Pearl green currently not feasible 6036 Pearl opal green currently not feasible 6037 Pure green currently not feasible 6038 Luminous green currently not feasible 7000 Squirrel grey , , , ,20 ok 7001 Silver grey , , , ,00 ok VJN Olive grey , , , ,00 ok 7003 Moss grey , , , ,50 ok 7004 Signal grey , , , ,80 ok 7005 Mouse grey , , , ,00 ok VJN Beige grey , , , ,10 better feasible 7008 Khaki grey , , , ,00 ok 7009 Green grey , , , ,60 ok 7010 Tarpaulin grey , , , ,00 ok 7011 Iron grey , , , ,80 ok 7012 Basalt grey , , ,00 ok VJN Brown grey , , , ,00 ok

12 page 10/38 RAL Shade P 1 % P 2 % P 3 % P4 % Comment Product code 7015 Slate grey , , ,00 ok VJN Anthracite grey , , ,00 ok VJN Black grey , ,00 ok VJN Umbra grey , , , ,60 ok 7023 Concrete grey , , , ,00 best possible 7024 Graphite grey , , , ,80 ok VJN Granite grey , , ,00 ok 7030 Stone grey , , , ,00 ok 7031 Blue grey , ,00 ok VJN Pebble grey , , ,00 ok VJN Cement grey , , , ,30 ok 7034 Yellow grey , , , ,50 better feasible VJN Light grey , , ,50 dependend on glass 7036 Platinum grey , , , ,00 ok VJN Dusty grey , , , ,00 ok 7038 Agate grey , , , ,00 ok VJN Agate grey , , ,00 ok VJN Window grey , , , ,00 ok VJN Traffic grey A , , ,00 ok VJN Traffic grey B , , , ,00 ok VJN Silk grey , , ,00 ok 7045 Telegrey , , , ,00 ok 7046 Telegrey , , , ,00 ok VJN Telegrey , ,00 dependend on VJN 5272 glass 7048 Pearl mouse grey , , ,00 ok VJN Green brown , , ,80 ok 8001 Ochre brown , , ,10 best possible VJN Signal brown , , ,00 better feasible 8003 Clay brown , , ,30 best possible 8004 Copper brown , ,00 ok 8007 Fawn brown , , ,00 best possible 8008 Olive brown , , , ,00 ok 8011 Nut brown , , ,00 ok 8012 Red brown , , , ,00 ok 8014 Sepia brown , , ,00 ok VJN Chestnut brown , , ,00 ok 8016 Mahogany brown ,00 ok Chocolate brown , ,00 ok 8019 Grey brown , , , ,00 ok VJN Black brown , ,00 ok 8023 Orange brown , ,00 ok

13 page 11/38 RAL Shade P 1 % P 2 % P 3 % P4 % Comment 8024 Beige brown , , , ,20 ok Product code 8025 Pale brown , , ,00 ok VJN Terra brown , , ,30 ok VJN Pearl copper , , ,00 ok VJN Cream , , ,00 best possible VJN Grey white , , ,40 ok VJN Signal white ,00 best possible Signal black ,00 ok Jet black ,00 ok White aluminium , , ,00 ok VJN Grey aluminium , , ,00 ok VJN Pure white , , ,00 best possible VJN Graphite black , ,00 ok 9016 Traffic white ,00 best possible Traffic black ,00 ok Papyrus white , , ,00 ok 9022 Pearl light grey , , ,00 ok 9023 Pearl dark grey , , ,00 ok For other glass thickness than 6 mm or matching on iron free glass, mix recommendations are as well available. Please ask our sales technician.

14 page 12/38 NCS Shades NCS S Ref. P 1 % P 2 % P 3 % P4 % Comment 0010-B70G , , , B70G , , B70G , , , N , , , N , , , , R80B , , , , R70B , , , , B30G , , , B70G , , , , N , , ,00 S 0502-B , ,00 low iron glass * S 0502-G , ,00 low iron glass * S 0502-Y , ,00 low iron glass S 0505-B20G , ,30 S 0505-R , ,00 S 0505-Y50R , , ,00 low iron glass S 0507-R80B , ,00 S 0510-B30G , ,00 low iron glass S 0510-B50G , ,00 S 0510-B90G , ,60 S 0510-G10Y , ,00 S 0510-R60B , ,00 S 0520-G80Y , ,00 low iron glass S 0520-R80B , ,00 S 0525-R90B , ,00 S 0530-G30Y , , ,50 S 0530-R90B , ,00 S 0540-B10G , ,00 S 1000-N , ,80 low iron glass S 1002-G , ,00 low iron glass S 1005-B20G , , ,50 S 1005-G , ,00 low iron glass S 1005-R80B , ,00 low iron glass S 1005-R80B , , ,00 S 1010-B10G , ,00 low iron glass S 1010-B50G , ,00 S 1010-B70G , ,00 S 1010-B90G , , ,50 S 1010-G10Y , ,00 Product code

15 page 13/38 NCS S Ref. P 1 % P 2 % P 3 % P4 % Comment S 1010-G90Y , ,00 low iron glass S 1010-R60B , , ,00 S 1020-B , , ,00 S 1020-B10G , ,00 low iron glass S 1020-B90G , ,00 S 1020-Y , , ,60 low iron glass S 1020-Y30R , ,00 low iron glass S 1030-B , ,00 S 1030-B10G , ,00 low iron glass S 1030-B50G , , ,20 S 1030-B50G , , ,90 low iron glass S 1030-Y10R , , ,00 low iron glass S 1030-Y20R , , ,00 low iron glass S 1030-Y60R , , ,00 low iron glass S 1050-B40G , ,00 S 1060-Y10R , ,50 low iron glass S 1070-Y80R , , ,80 S 1075-G60Y , , ,80 S 1080-G40Y , ,00 S 1080-R , ,00 S 1080-Y50R , ,00 low iron glass S 1080-Y80R , ,00 low iron glass S 1085-Y90R ,00 S 1505-G10Y , , ,00 S 1580-Y80R , ,00 low iron glass S 1580-Y90R ,00 S 2002-R50B , , ,00 low iron glass S 2005-G10Y , , ,00 S 2005-G20Y , , ,00 S 2005-G80Y , , ,20 low iron glass S 2005-R80B , ,00 low iron glass S 2005-R80B , , ,00 * S 2005-Y30R , , ,00 S 2005-Y70R , , ,00 S 2005-Y70R , ,00 low iron glass S 2010-B10G , , ,00 S 2010-B50G , ,00 S 2010-B90G , , ,00 S 2010-G10Y , , ,10 Product code

16 page 14/38 NCS S Ref. P 1 % P 2 % P 3 % P4 % Comment S 2010-G20Y , , ,10 S 2010-G30Y , , ,50 S 2010-G60Y , , , ,25 S 2010-R80B , , ,70 S 2010-R80B , , ,00 low iron glass S 2020-B , , ,00 S 2020-B30G , ,00 S 2020-B70G , , ,00 S 2020-B90G , , ,00 S 2020-G10Y , ,00 S 2020-G30Y , , , ,00 S 2020-Y70R , , ,00 low iron glass S 2030-B , ,00 S 2030-R , ,00 low iron glass S 2030-R90B , , ,80 S 2030-Y90R , ,00 S 2040-G30Y , , ,00 S 2040-G50Y , , , ,80 * S 2040-Y10R , , ,00 S 2050-B , ,00 S 2050-B70G , , ,10 * S 2050-B80G , , ,60 * S 2050-G50Y , , ,00 S 2050-G70Y ,00 S 2050-R80B , ,00 S 2060-G30Y , , , ,00 S 2060-R80B , , ,00 S 2060-Y70R , , ,00 low iron glass S 2070-G40Y , ,00 S 2070-G60Y , , ,40 S 2080-G30Y , , ,00 S 2555-B60G , , ,20 low iron glass * S 2565-G , ,00 S 3005-G20Y , , , ,50 S 3005-G80Y , , , ,20 low iron glass S 3005-R80B , , ,40 S 3005-Y50R , , ,00 S 3005-Y50R , , ,00 low iron glass S 3010-G10Y , , , ,30 S 3010-G60Y , , , ,00 S 3010-R , ,00 low iron glass Product code

17 page 15/38 NCS S Ref. P 1 % P 2 % P 3 % P4 % Comment S 3010-Y10R , , , ,20 S 3010-Y30R , , , ,00 S 3010-Y50R , , , ,20 S 3010-Y70R , , , ,10 S 3020-B90G , , , ,80 S 3020-G20Y , ,00 low iron glass S 3030-G10Y , , ,70 S 3040-Y80R , ,00 S 3050-B30G , , ,00 S 3050-G30Y , ,00 S 3060-G30Y , , , ,00 S 3060-G60Y , , , ,20 S 3070-G30Y , , ,00 S 3502-B , , , ,00 S 3502-Y , , , ,20 S 4000-N , , , ,50 low iron glass * S 4005-G20Y , , , ,80 S 4010-B10G , , , ,70 S 4010-R70B , , , ,90 low iron glass S 4010-R90B , , , ,00 S 4010-Y30R , , , ,00 S 4020-B , , , ,50 S 4020-B70G , , , ,30 S 4020-Y30R , , , ,90 S 4020-Y80R , , ,10 S 4030-G70Y , ,00 S 4030-R90B , , ,00 S 4040-B30G , , ,80 S 4040-B60G , , , ,20 S 4040-G20Y , , ,00 S 4040-G60Y , ,00 S 4040-Y80R , ,00 S 4050-B10G , , , ,00 S 4050-B70G , , ,00 low iron glass S 4050-G40Y , , , ,00 S 4050-R80B , , ,00 low iron glass * S 4050-Y70R , ,00 S 4050-Y80R , , , ,50 low iron glass S 4500-N , , , ,50 low iron glass * Product code

18 page 16/38 NCS S Ref. P 1 % P 2 % P 3 % P4 % Comment S 4550-G10Y , , ,40 S 4550-G60Y , , ,80 S 5005-G20Y , , , ,50 S 5005-R50B , , , ,00 * S 5005-R80B , , , ,10 * S 5010-B30G , , , ,40 S 5010-G70Y , , , ,10 S 5010-R90B , , , ,30 S 5020-B70G , , , ,80 S 5020-R90B , , ,50 low iron glass S 5030-G30Y , , ,00 S 5030-Y70R , , ,00 low iron glass S 5040-G , , ,00 S 5040-G70Y , , ,30 * S 5502-Y , , , ,00 S 6005-B80G , , , ,00 S 6005-Y20R , , , ,90 low iron glass S 6010-B70-G , , , ,90 S 6010-G10Y , , , ,10 S 6010-G30Y , , , ,50 S 6010-Y30R , , ,00 S 6020-B , , , ,50 * S 6020-R60B , ,00 S 6030-B , , ,00 S 6030-B10G , , , ,00 S 6030-R30B , , , ,00 low iron glass S 6030-Y70R , , ,00 S 6030-Y90R , , , ,00 low iron glass S 6502-B , , , ,50 S 7000 N , , , ,50 S 7005-R50B , , , ,00 S 7005-Y50R , , , ,70 S 7010-G70Y , , , ,80 S 7010-R30B , , ,00 S 7020-Y50R , , ,10 S 7500 N , , , ,60 S 7502-Y , , , ,00 S 8000-N , , , ,40 S 8005-G20Y , , ,70 * S 8005-R50B , , ,70 S 8010-B10G , , ,00 Product code

19 page 17/38 NCS S Ref. P 1 % P 2 % P 3 % P4 % Comment S 8010-R50B , , ,00 S 8500-N , , , ,00 S 8502-R , ,00 S 8502-G , ,00 Product code * approximate match For system s1de ONE a lot of mix recommendations are already available. For color matchings, please ask our sales technicians.

20 page 18/38 Basic Properties of the Systems 1. Thermal Expansion Coefficient Linear coefficient of thermal expansion for each of our systems is in the range K -1 ( C), dependant on factors such as pigment type and content. The expansion of all our flat glass systems is designed to provide a good fit with the properties of float glass. If applied onto glass with low thermal expansion coefficients (< K -1 ), the colors will tend to crack. 2. Firing Temperature Our colors are specially formulated for typical glass tempering cycles, with furnace temperatures set at C and with a total cycle time of 40 secs. per mm. of glass thickness. This results in typical glass temperatures of C. Under typical glass tempering cycles fast heating and high temperatures for a short time dense and glossy color surfaces are obtained. An oxidising atmosphere is necessary to achieve good properties of the fired layer. However, if the firing is too fast, gas bubbles and pinholes may appear in the fired color surface. This will result in paler shades and the surface will become less scratch resistant and less durable. To eliminate this defect, principally there are the following possibilities: Improve the drying of the enamel layer before firing, to optimise medium burn-off Increase the heat work during firing (increase firing temperature and/or the fire time and/or adjust the ratio between radiation and convection ) Reduce the firing temperature of the glass enamels with addition of transparent flux. For System140 we suggest Chemical, Weathering and Mechanical Durability There are many tests available to judge the chemical and mechanical resistance of glass enamels and their evaluation and interpretation is a very complex issue. The test results will depend, not only on the chemical formulation of the enamel, but also on the type of glass, the layer thickness of the enamel and the firing cycle used. The type and concentration of the chemical agent used to simulate the effect of the environmental attack will of course also significantly effect the degree of resistance observed. The international flat glass market has adopted a series of standardised tests to qualify and quantify the atmospheric attack on fired ceramic enamel systems. Following these standards, representative selections of our colors from each basic system have been subjected to the following tests: To evaluate weathering resistance, the following tests have been done: Weathering test according to ANSI Z.26.1 test 16 [literature ref.1] Condensation water test atmospheres, as DIN (increased temp. of 52 C) [2] Temperature change test, -40 C to +90 C, 5 cycles Moist air sulphur dioxide Kesternich Test, to ISO 6988 (DIN SFW 2,0S) [3] Abrasion resistance test, according ANSI Z 26.1 test 17 and test 18 [4,9,10] Water leachability, as per DIN Part 4 [5] 10% citric acid test, ASTM C [12,13] 3.5% HCl test, ASTM C [12,13] Sulphide resistance test Na2S in acetic acid, ASTM C N H2SO4, 2hrs [12,13] 0.1N NaOH, 2hrs [14] To evaluate mechanical resistance, especially relevant for spandrel glass panels: Mechanical strength according to DIN 18516, Part 4 [6] Bending test as per DIN , part 1 [7] Ball drop test, to DIN [8]

21 page 19/38 Weathering and Mechanical Resistance Test Data Results from Intermixable System140 are shown in the attached tables. Summarising the chemical tests, a slight visual attack is evident on the enamel side of the glass for both leaded and lead-free systems. However, this does not classify the colors as non-resistant. when evaluating the colors through the glass, which corresponds to the standard exposure e.g. for tempered spandrel panels, all of the tested colors from our systems are fully resistant. The resistance data indicated in this brochure is intended as a guide only, and we always recommend checking in customer s specific conditions of application and firing, prior to use. clean. However, the metallic colors included in System140 can typically be cleaned with solvents, after exposure to dirt. For domestic appliance glass, furniture glass and glass for general internal use, glass decorated on either Surface 1 or 2 can generally be used. However, we do not typically recommend the use of System140 decorated glass for outside use, where the glass enamel is exposed directly on the external surface. For these first surface (Surface 1) architectural applications, we have specially developed our s1de ONE range. We recommend checking with our technical experts for specific advice on application and use. Refer also Appendix 1 Test Procedures Glass enamels with a rough surface (e.g. metallic colors) are more vulnerable to dirt and difficult to

22 page 20/38 + = no attack; o = some attack; - = not resistant Test and Standard Purpose System140 result Condensation Water Test. DIN KK Weathering Test. ANSI Z26.1 Test 16 Temperature Change Test Resistance to humidity /corrosion. High temp. (52 C) used c.f. standard DIN UV-Radiation exposure with temp. change, by Xenon-lamp Illumination Exposure to extremes of temp. change Evaluation through glass: +: ,124000, ,144001, , , , , , o : : Evaluation on enamel: +: , ,154030, o : , , , , , : Evaluation through glass: +:114000, ,144001, , , , , o : : Evaluation on enamel: +: , o : , , , , , : Evaluation through glass: +: , ,144001, , , , , o : : Evaluation on enamel: +: , ,144001, , , , , o : : Taber Abrasion Test ANSI Z26.1 Test 17,18; DIN Bending Strength DIN ,4 DIN ,1 DIN ,1 Ball Drop Test DIN Resistance to abrasion Glass Breakage Analysis Impact Resistance The fired enamel layer is extremely abrasion resistant; rollers selected for this test simulate the durability against motor vehicle or pedestrian traffic. For architectural application, the durability is guaranteed for the air-side of the glass DIN specifies a bending strength for decorated tempered glass of min. 75N/mm 2 Typical test result as per DIN , part 1: =117, =121, = =147N/mm 2 Typical result as per DIN , part1: =125Mpa, =127MPa Typical test result according DIN : =84.6cm (min. value as per norm DIN =60cm.)

23 page 21/38 Test and Standard Purpose System140 result Chemical Durability appliance/ furniture glass DIN Sulphide Resistance ASTM C Resistance to acids and alkalis in commercial cleaners Resistance to attack by H2S Atmosphere 10% citric acid, 2 hrs,20 o C attack scale % HCl, 2hrs, 20 C attack scale N H2SO4, 2hrs, 20 C attack scale N NaOH, 2hrs, 20 C attack scale All colors from the standard range have been evaluated and show no visible sign of attack Leachability by water DIN S4 Potential to pollute/ effects of exposure when stored The following elements have been analysed: Pb, Cd, Cr, Fe, Cu, Ni, Zn, V, Mo, Co, Ba, Sn. Result : < 0.1mg/l Chemical Durability Test Data Results from the Intermixable System140 are shown in the below table.tests were made to evaluate the resistance of this System to alkali, sulphide and acids hydrochloric, sulphuric, acetic and citric. In all case, the chemical durability was measured at level 3 or better, at least as good as leaded products for flat glass. Chemical Resistance Valuation 5 4,5 4 3,5 3 2,5 2 1,5 1 0, Color NaOH 0,1N 2h H2SO4 0,1N 2h HCl 3% 2h Citric Acid 10% 2h Acetic Acid 10% 2h H2S ASTM C Valuation: 1 = No attack 2 = Iridescent surface 3 = Obvious matting, but without strong effect on colour, resp. surface changes 4 = Strongly affected colour, resp. surface changes 5 = Glass enamel disappeared; the substrate is exposed or partly exposed

24 page 22/38 Methods of Use & Recommendations Our colors from all systems are developed and controlled for the following application processes: - Direct screenprinting - Roller coating - Curtain-coating - Spraying temperature itself. Any change in paste viscosity will effect the applied thickness which in turn influences color opacity and color shade. To ensure prints of consistent quality, opacity and color shade, it is recommended to control the ambient temperature of the printing room and to maintain the printing machine parameters as constant as possible. 1. Availability Colors are available either as powders or ready prepared in a medium suitable for one of the above application processes. Mediums suitable for all applications can also be provided separately (see mediums section). 2. Storage and Shelf Life Color powders must be stored in dry conditions, in sealed tins. Medium and color paste systems should be stored in dry conditions and at temperatures not below 5 C (40 F) or above 35 C (95 F); the ideal storage temperature is 8-15 C (45-60 F). Partly used tins must be tightly sealed after use. Pastes must be stirred thoroughly before printing. If stored as recommended, color pastes of system s1de ONE are guaranteed with a minimum shelf life of 6 months. Pastes of System140 and medium are guaranteed with a minimum shelf life of 12 months after the production date. 3. General Processing Conditions The viscosity of the enamel pastes is strongly influenced by the ambient temperature in the processing shop and therefore the paste 4. Screenprinting Pastes For mixing with our color powders, we recommend our screenprinting mediums , , or (see also Mediums section). Recommended mixing ratio is 100 parts by weight of color powder: parts of medium, followed by triple roll milling. If necessary, pastes can be thinned by adding the relevant oil, and stirring, to the required printing viscosity. Alternatively, screenprinting pastes can be supplied ready prepared in either oil-based or water-mixable medium systems. Typical dispersions of our pastes are <20 m. Our pastes are supplied as a concentrate with a high viscosity; pastes should be let down with our recommended medium or thinner, to reach the printing viscosity required for the particular glass part or job. For direct screenprinting on flat glass, mesh sizes from 36T to 90T are widely used with our products. Due to the required thin layers required for the decoration of white etch imitation, we recommend etch application by screenprinting. The best effects and surface quality is achieved using a 90T screen. If coarser screens are used e.g. 48T (or coarser), noticeable differences in color shade can occur due to the increased layer thickness.