PV Standards Activities SEIA Codes and Standards Workshop. Scott Jezwinski Business Development Manager Sep 12, 2016

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1 PV Standards Activities SEIA Codes and Standards Workshop Scott Jezwinski Business Development Manager Sep 12, 2016

2 Codes and Standards - Relationship Model Code Development Process Step 1: First Draft (Public Input Stage) Step 3: NFPA Technical Step 2: Meeting Second Draft (Public Comment Stage Reference Standards Step 4: Council Appeals and Issuance of Standard Building Codes: IBC, IRC NFPA 70: National Electrical Code (NEC) (3 year cycle) UL 1703 UL 2703 UL 1741 UL Standards Development Process Step 1: Proposal and STP formation Step 2: STP Comment and Review Step 3: Balloting and Public Comment Step 4: STP Consensus and Issuance of Standard *STP - Standards Technical Panel (industry demand driven) 2

3 Key Elements of Standards Processes Stakeholder Interests: Producer Testing and Standards Organizations Supply Chain AHJ Government Consumer General Interest Commercial / Industrial Users International Delegate Consensus Collaboration Due Process Balance of Interests Appeals

UL PV Standards Timeline North American Leader 1986 UL1703 PV Modules and Panels 1999 UL1741 Inverters and Converters 1999 SU 1279 Solar Collectors 2005 UL 4703 PV Wire 2007 SU 2579 Low Voltage Fuse

4 UL PV Standards Timeline North American Leader 1986 UL1703 PV Modules and Panels 1999 UL1741 Inverters and Converters 1999 SU 1279 Solar Collectors 2005 UL 4703 PV Wire 2007 SU 2579 Low Voltage Fuse Holders 2007 SU 5703 Name Plate Rating 2008 SU 8703 Concentrator PV Modules 2010 UL 2703 Mounting Systems 2010 SU Fuse Holders 2010 UL 489B Circuit Breakers 2010 UL 6703/A Connectors 2010 SU 98B Dead Front Switches 2011 SU 1699B Arc Fault Protection 2011 UL 3703 Solar Trackers 2011 UL 3730 Junction Boxes 2011 SU 508i Disconnect Switches 2011 SU 9703 Wiring Harnesses 2012 UL Crystalline Module Type Approval 2012 UL Thin film Module Type Approval 2012 UL Concentrator Module Type Approval 2014 UL Power Converters 2000 > 2010 > 2020 International Collaborator IEC Module Type Qualification Series IEC System performance monitoring IEC /2 Module safety IEC /2 Module performance IEC Guidelines quality system IEC BOS design Qualification IEC /2/3/4 Safety of Power Converters IEC System commissioning and Inspection IEC Battery charge controller performance IEC PV array design requirements IEC PV plant guidelines IEC System voltage durability for modules IEC Snow load testing IEC Energy performance

5 UL PV Standards System Reference PV Modules UL 1703 UL/IEC UL/IEC UL/IEC IEC UL-SU 8703 BIPV UL 1703 / UL 790 Connector UL 6703 Fuse UL-SU 2579 Fuse Holder UL-SU ANSI-UL PV Modules w/ Junction Box Disconnects UL-SU 98B UL-SU 508i Circuit Breakers UL 489B Arc Fault Protection UL 1699B Combiner Box Charge Controller Inverter Roof or Ground mounted Cable for PV UL 4703 UL 9703 UL854 (USE-2) Combiner Box UL 1741 Charge Controller UL 1741 Inverter UL 1741 UL/IEC (PV+ only) IEEE 1547 Rack Mounting & Clamping Devices UL 2703 Solar Trackers UL 3703 Fire Test UL 1703 (roof mounted modules) Polymeric Materials UL 1703 UL 94 UL-SU5703 UL 746A/B/C Storage UL 1989 UL 2054 UL 9540 UL 1973 Batteries Many of the components or functions can be built into one product, such as the inverter. AC Loads Grid Tied or Stand Alone 5

6 IEEE Grid Interconnection Standard UL 1741 references IEEE Interconnecting Distributed Resources with Electric Power Systems and works in conjunction with grid tied products that operate in parallel with or back-feed power to the utility grid. IEEE 1547 Interconnection System Requirements Voltage Regulation Grounding Disconnects Monitoring Islanding IEEE Interconnection System Testing Temperature Stability Response to Abnormal Voltage Response to Abnormal Frequency Synchronization Protection from EMI Surge Withstand Paralleling Device DC Injection Unintentional Islanding Reverse Power Open Phase Reconnect after disturbance Harmonics UL 1741 Interconnection Equipment Construction Testing normal and abnormal Protection against risks of injury to persons and connected equipment. Ratings, Markings and Instructions Specific DR Tests for specific technologies Production line testing Certifications address NEC and electric utility interconnection needs. 6

7 UL1741SA for Grid Support Utility Interactive Inverters UL1741 Supplement Grid Support Utility Interactive created to bridge the gap until the IEEE 1547 and IEEE Grid Support revisions are completed. Mandatory Anti-Islanding L/HVRT L/HFRT Must Trip Test Normal Ramp Rate Soft-Start Ramp Rate Specified Power Factor Volt/Var Mode Published Sep 7, 2016! 7

8 UL1741 Rapid Shutdown The 2017 NEC code panel meeting revised a proposal to include new requirements for rapid shutdown protection internal to a PV array and includes the following options:. Option 1: List and label or field-label PV array as a rapidshutdown PV array. Option 2: Limit control conductors within the array boundary to 80 V or less within 30 seconds of rapid-shutdown initiation. Option 3: Install nonmetallic PV array with no exposed wiring and array more than 8 feet from any grounded metal parts Implementation of Option 1 requires development of a safety standard for evaluation and certification of rapid-shutdown products for use in PV arrays. To allow time for this standard s development process, CMP 4 added a delayed adoption date, specifying that (B)(2) shall become effective January 1,

9 UL 1703 PV Module Safety UL Standard for Safety for Flat-Plate Photovoltaic Modules and Panels, UL 1703 Standards Technical Panel Topics (for standard revisions) Mechanical loads and groupings Currently every rack has to be evaluated with all modules it is intended to be used with. Objective is to define groups similar to fire types. Frames used as grounding conductors Currently module frames not evaluated for conducting fault currents ( only continuity, bonding resistance ). Examining a daisy chain grounding scenario that enables an electrical safety concern. Move fire testing requirements to UL 2703 moving system tests only, module tests for typing stay in IEC Ed 2 Harmonization IHC considerations for adoption. Proposed 1500v revision - may require addition of new ( balloted with comments) Revision to HF10 - additional clarification (balloted with comment) 9

10 UL 2703 Racking Systems Safety UL Standard for Safety for Mounting Systems, Mounting Devices, Clamping/Retention Devices, and Ground Lugs for Use with Flat-Plate Photovoltaic Modules and Panels, UL 2703 Standards Technical Panel Topics (for standard revisions Bonding and grounding Includes the 1703 frame grounding issue, plus want to type bonding and grounding attributes for the module frame. Mechanical loading same as with 1703 ( groupings and types) Manuals and markings address AHJ requirement for evidence the system being installed complies with all requirements of Corrosion resistance expanding beyond current galvanic table to account for new allows and developing a test for interfaces not covered in the table. 1500v limits for clarification, no additional testing required unless polymers used ( ie. a terminal box for attaching electronics). 10

11 International Standards Development International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) Standards Development Process IEC IEC Step 1-2: Preliminary & Proposal Stage Step 3: Preparation Stage Step 4-5: Committee & Enquiry Stage Step 6: Approval Stage Step 7: Publication Stage (50+ PV related) Each member country has a National Committee Member One country - one vote US National Committee serves as conduit for US positions 11

12 IEC Edition 2 PV Module Safety IEC Photovoltaic (PV) module safety qualification is the international standards for Photovoltaic (PV) module safety qualification, first published in Oct IEC Part 1: Requirements for construction Construction requirements to assess the prevention of electrical shock, fire hazards, and personal injury due to mechanical and environmental stresses. IEC Part 2: Requirements for testing Outlines the requirements of testing and the testing sequence intended to verify the safety of PV modules whose construction has been assessed by IEC Test sequence coordinate with those of IEC series so that a single set of samples may be used to perform both the safety and performance evaluation of a photovoltaic module design. IEC has many similar construction and test requirements to ANSI/UL 1703, first published in August of

13 IEC Edition 2 - Notable Changes Some of the changes in IEC edition 2: Numerous key definitions ( many are insulation related) Structural changes to separate construction and component requirements into part 1 and testing into part 2. Implementation of higher system voltage requirements (1500v) Updates related to technology and material advances such as cemented joints Requirements aligned with IEC horizontal standards IEC introduces the concept of equipment Classes, involving constructional arrangements for the equipment in combination with the method of installation IEC series defines and uses the concept of insulation coordination, introduced in power system to arrange electrical insulation levels Test sequences are similar/same as those from IEC series with safety focus primarily on protection against electric shock as well as fire hazard. 13

IEC 61215 series PV Module Performance IEC 61215-1 Terrestrial photovoltaic (PV) modules Design qualification and type approval Part 1: Test requirements, Part 2: Test procedures Previous New Figure

14 IEC series PV Module Performance IEC Terrestrial photovoltaic (PV) modules Design qualification and type approval Part 1: Test requirements, Part 2: Test procedures Previous New Figure from COMBINED STANDARD FOR PV MODULE DESIGN QUALIFICATION AND TYPE APPROVAL:NEW IEC SERIES Bengt Jaeckel, et al Only differentiated between c-si and TF modules. Technology specific distinction is made within the thinfilm category knowing that each TF technology has its own and unique properties. 14

15 IEC series - Notable Changes Some of the changes for IEC series: Unique test identifiers, Module Quality Tests (MQTs) vs Module Safety Test (MST) Unique sequence identifiers, Sequences A, B NOCT replaced by NMOT (MQT 5), reduces variance in reported nameplate values Hotspot test (MQT 9) is technology dependent each technology can display different sensitivity to hot-spot heating UV test (MQT 10), modules now operate at Pmpp conditions during test New J-Box Tests, MQT 14.1 and 14.2 were created Stabilization (MQT 19): Preconditioning (c-si) and Lightsoaking (TF) redefined as Stabilization (Modules are operated at Pmpp conditions to make it consistent with MQT 10) 15

16 IEC series - Availability Published in March 2016: IEC Part 1: Test requirements IEC Part 1-1: Special requirements for testing of crystalline silicon photovoltaic (PV) modules IEC Part 2: Test procedures (Note: US adoption will occur by the end of 2017) Under development: IEC Part 1-2: Special requirements for testing of thin-film Cadmium Telluride (CdTe) IEC Part 1-3: Special requirements for testing of thin-film amorphous silicon IEC Part 1-4: Special requirements for testing of thin-film CIS and CIGS (CuIn,Ga)(S,Se)2 16

17 Harmonization What does it mean? ISO definition: Standards on the same subject approved by different standardizing bodies that establish interchangeability of products, processes and services, or mutual understanding of test results or information provided according to these standards. 17

18 Standards Harmonization Process IBC & IRC IEC NEC IEC UL Standards Harmonization Process UL UL Step 4: International Harmonization Committee (IHC) Step 1: Proposal and STP formation Step 2: STP Comment and Review Step 3: Balloting and Public Comment STP Consensus and Issuance of Standard Considerations: Codes Component requirements Normative references Technical issues Permissions Other *STP - Standards Technical Panel 18

19 UL1703 / IEC Harmonization Background: In 2005, the first draft harmonization document was presented to the STP for adoption, determined that the current versions of the IEC Standards were not yet ready for U.S. Worked with IEC Technical Committee, Working Group (TC 82, WG2) to draft new editions of both IEC and IEC Decision was repeated in 2007, 2010, and again in 2012 at which time the STP formed a formal International Harmonization Committee (IHC). IHC voted to continue waiting until the second editions of IEC are published. In preparation, the STP voted to adopt the current versions of IEC and IEC as they were at the time. The U.S. National Committee contributed sound technical comments on the latest draft of the IEC second-edition proposals The U.S. National Committee lead the development of the second edition of IEC in conjunction with an active international writing team to ensure that the construction requirements mesh well with the test requirements. IEC published Aug 1, 2016 International Harmonization Committee (IHC) meeting regularly Expected publication in 1Q

20 UL1703 / IEC Part 1 Differences IEC , Photovoltaic (PV) module safety qualification Part 1: Requirements for construction Specific topics to assess the prevention of electrical Similar to UL1703 shock, fire hazards, and personal injury due to mechanical and environmental stresses. Defines the basic requirements for various application Significant difference from classes of PV modules but cannot be considered to UL 1703 encompass all national or regional building codes. This standard is not applicable to modules with Similar to UL 1703 integrated AC inverters (AC modules). Defines the basic safety construction requirements and additional tests that are a function of the module enduse applications. Component requirements are intended to provide evidence of performance of that component appropriate to its application in the module construction and environment. Similar to UL 1703, however, adds defined use parameters Similar to UL 1703, but with different component standard references and requirements 20

21 UL1703 / IEC Part 2 Differences IEC , Photovoltaic (PV) module safety qualification Part 2: Requirements for testing Test sequence can coordinate with those of IEC Difference from UL 1703 series, so that a single set of samples may be used to perform both the safety and performance evaluation of a photovoltaic module design. Provides the testing sequence intended to verify the Significant difference safety of PV modules whose construction has been from UL 1703 assessed by IEC The test sequence and pass criteria are designed to Similar to UL 1703 detect the potential breakdown of internal and external components of PV modules that would result in fire, electric shock and personal injury Defines the basic safety test requirements and additional tests that are a function of the module enduse applications Test categories include general inspection for electrical shock hazard, fire hazard, mechanical stress, and environmental stress. Significant difference from UL 1703 Difference from UL

22 UL1703 / IEC Harmonization and National Differences IEC IEC UL 1703? 22

23 IEC System Management Structure & Committees Standards Development Conformity Assessment (certification) IEC Renewable Energy System

IECRE System Hierarchy Figure from George Kelly NREL PV Reliability Workshop 26 Feb 2015, NCB CBTL Equipment Design Qualification Type Testing

IECRE 04 Rules of Procedure for the Certification of Photovoltaic Systems according to the IECRE-PV Schemes REMC OD-401 Conditional PV project

24 IECRE System Hierarchy Figure from George Kelly NREL PV Reliability Workshop 26 Feb 2015, NCB CBTL Equipment Design Qualification Type Testing Manufacture quality WE Wind Energy ME Marine Energy PV - Photovoltaics Projects Installation Commissioning Operations Recent PV Scheme Publications IECRE 04 Rules of Procedure for the Certification of Photovoltaic Systems according to the IECRE-PV Schemes REMC OD-401 Conditional PV project certificate PV-OMC OD-402 Annual PV plant performance certificate PV-OMC OD-406 PV-OMC IECRE Certification Body (RECB) and IECRE Inspection Body (REIB) Application form PV-OMC 24

25 IECRE System - Aspects for PV Plants Conformity assessment will be performed and certificate issued for an individual PV power plant on a specific site. The Certificates are aligned to important and well known lifecycle milestones. Figure from PV-OMC/016/DFA

26 IEC to US National Standards Candidates IEC /-2: Photovoltaic (PV) module safety qualification. * IEC 62093: Balance-of-system components for photovoltaic systems - Design qualification natural environments * IEC 62738: Design guidelines and recommendations for photovoltaic power plants IEC 62446: Grid connected photovoltaic systems - Minimum requirements for system documentation, commissioning tests and inspection * IEC /-1.1/-2 : Terrestrial photovoltaic (PV) modules Design qualification and type approval * IEC 62548: Photovoltaic (PV) arrays - Design requirements IEC 62891: Indoor testing, characterization and evaluation of the efficiency of photovoltaic grid-connected inverters IEC 62509: Battery charge controllers for photovoltaic systems - Performance and functioning IEC 61724: Photovoltaic system performance monitoring - Guidelines for measurement, data exchange and analysis * Activity forming STP, requesting copyright, submitting PINS 26

27 How can you participate? Goto: Main Page: 27

28 THANK YOU.

Update on the new IEC standards and their impact on quality of PV modules

1 Update on the new IEC standards and their impact on quality of PV modules Review of the major changes in the last editions of the standards series IEC 61215 - Terrestrial photovoltaic (PV) modules Design