Emergency Lighting: what, when & how? Richard Caple MSc MSLL Lighting Applications Manager

Transcription

1 Emergency Lighting: what, when & how? Richard Caple MSc MSLL Lighting Applications Manager

2 What is emergency lighting? Legislation and standards Emergency lighting design Emergency lighting testing requirements Technology to the rescue!

3 What is emergency lighting? Legislation and standards Emergency lighting design Emergency lighting testing requirements Technology to the rescue!

4 What is Emergency lighting?

5 What is Emergency lighting?

6 What is Emergency lighting? To facilitate safe exit from the building when the normal lighting fails To allow potentially dangerous equipment/processes to be made safe before evacuation To enable Fire Wardens & Fire and Rescue Service to search the building & locate missing people

7 What is Emergency lighting? To allow people to remain in the building if:- There is no risk Greater harm evacuating (terrorism)

8 What is emergency lighting? Legislation and standards Emergency lighting design Emergency lighting testing requirements Technology to the rescue!

9 Legislation and standards Fire precautions act 1971 Fire precautions (WP) Regulations 1997 Building Regulations Part B 2006 Regulatory Reform Fire Order 2005 BS 5266:2016 BS EN1838:2013 BS EN50172:2004 BS EN12193:1999 BS 5499:2000 BS EN :2014 BS EN62034:2012 BS ISO7010:2011 CIBSE/SLL LG12:2015

10 Legislation and standards Pre 2005: Local Fire Authority Fire certificate Post 2005: Responsible Person Risk assessment! The Responsible Person maybe the Employer, the Building Owner or the Occupier It is an offence not to comply! Fire Brigades are the enforcing Authority. They can Enforce, Prohibit and order alterations. Failure to comply can result in a fine or imprisonment.

11 Legislation and standards Retail store, Oxford Street No Risk Assessment Inadequate staff training No Fire Alarm response procedure Fire door release mechanisms fitted to the wrong side of the exit doors Fine - 400, ,000 costs

12 Legislation and standards Risk Assessment Asses and manage risks Provide appropriate protection systems (such as fire alarms and emergency lighting) Develop a policy Implement procedures Provide training Conduct drills Cary out regular maintenance

13 Legislation and standards Basic Factors How many occupants? Where are the escape routes? Immediate evacuation Policies Procedures For how long? Consultation Strategies Stay Put Strategy Who makes the decision to evacuate? Standby Generation Is Escape Lighting also needed? Risk Assessment What are the risks? How are they mitigated? Test procedures? Manual or automatic

14 Legislation and standards Consultation / Risk Assessments vital inputs in ensuring the emergency lighting is suitable and fit for purpose

15 What is emergency lighting? Legislation and standards Emergency lighting design Emergency lighting testing requirements Technology to the rescue!

16 Emergency Lighting Power Failure Emergency Situation Power Failure Non-Emergency

17 Power Failure Emergency Situation Escape Lighting Escape Route Open Area High Risk Area

18 Escape Route Lighting Applies to corridors, lobbies and staircases or open areas where escape routes have been defined via risk assessment Illumination level: 1 lux minimum along center line of route Uniformity (max:min)= 40:1 Risk asses, maybe more than 1 lux is required?

19 Open Area Lighting >60m 2 open area anti panic lighting Illumination Level: 0.5 lux minimum (excluding 0.5m border) Uniformity (max:min) = 40:1 Areas less the 60m² may need emergency lighting is deemed by the risk assessment.

20 High Risk Lighting Safe termination of hazardous activity Safe passage / rescue access Illumination level: 10% of normal mains lighting, or 15Lux, which ever is greater

21 Disability glare

22 BS5266-1:2016 Minimum of two luminaires per compartment of the escape route and each open plan area or one luminaire & Exit Sign

23 Power Failure Non-Emergency Safety Lighting (Stay Put) Standby Lighting

24 Safety Lighting Must be Risk Assessed What is the risk to people? What task are you asking them to do? Open areas 1lx Escape routes 1lx Low difficulty task 5lx Medium difficulty task 15lx High difficulty task 50lx System duration? If 3 hours, evacuate the building after 2 hours Rest mode?

25 Standby Lighting Providing full output if mains fails via UPS/generator

26 Points of Emphasis Stairs so that each flight receives direct light Changes in level Changes of escape route direction Corridor intersections First aid posts Fire alarm call points or pieces of fire fighting equipment External areas in the immediate vicinity of final exits Moving stairways and walkways Motor generator, control and plant rooms Lift cars Covered car parks Areas of refuge Toilet facilities exceeding 8m² or any multiple closet facility without borrowed light All other areas as deemed by the Risk Assessment

27 BSEN 1838

28 Illuminance for specific locations BS5266-1

29 Place of safety

30 Building Regulations Part B/Technical Handbook

31 Building Regulations Part B/Technical Handbook Be aware of diffusers that form part of the ceiling!

32 Building Regulations Part B/Technical Handbook Thermoplastic lighting diffusers can categorised as either:- TP(a) rigid 3mm thick polycarbonate, or other material a sample of which meets the requirements of the TP(a) test method described in BS Polycarbonate diffusers TP(a) flexible seldom used in luminaires TP(b) polycarbonate less than 3mm thick, or other material a sample of which meets the requirements of the TP(b) test method described in BS Most Acrylic s and PMMA diffusers

33 Why is this important? Depending on material type, there are restrictions on how much material can be used!

34 TP(a) requirements When using TP(a) classified material, there are no limits or restrictions on use, except within protected zones or stairways where no thermoplastic material of any type should be used.

35 TP(b) requirements for circulation spaces The total area of diffuser panels must not exceed 15% of the total floor space. The maximum area of one diffuser must not exceed 5m². Where a number of smaller panels are used (most types of luminaire) then a 5m x 5m group of panels must have a 3m gap between the next group, as shown in below.

36 TP(b) requirements for Rooms The total area of diffuser panels must not exceed 50% of the total floor space. The maximum area of one diffuser must not exceed 5m². Where a number of smaller panels are used (most types of luminaire) then a 5m x 5m group of panels must have a 3m gap between the next group, or in England, Wales and Scotland, the below diagram defines an alternative spacing method where the distance between luminaires must be equal to or greater than the longest dimension of the thermoplastic diffuser.

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38 Exit Signage

39 Exit Signage Required to ensure ESCAPE ROUTES are apparent from any location MAINTAINED where occupants may be unfamiliar with building Should be conspicuous Consider smoke accumulation

40 Exit Signage At all normal exits At all emergency exists Along escape routes Anywhere else if the route to the nearest exit is not clear

41 Clear and unambiguous instructions! Which way?

42 Clear and unambiguous instructions! Sign types should not be mixed within a building Older types of sign formats may still be used for existing buildings New buildings should use ISO7010 format as referenced in BS5266 ISO7010 sign format Which way?

43 ILLEGAL since 1999 BS EN :2013 European Signs Directive 1996 HTM 65 NHS Hospitals (Withdrawn) ISO 7010 specified in BS EN :2016

44 Sign viewing distances Externally lit Externally lit = 100 x Sign Height = 15m (150mm tall sign) Internally lit Internally illuminated = 200 x Sign Height = 30m (150mm tall sign) Which way?

45 Up or down arrow?

46 What is emergency lighting? Legislation and standards Emergency lighting design Emergency lighting testing requirements Technology to the rescue!

47 Emergency Lighting Testing Requirements Inspection & testing Regular testing & servicing is essential Competent Person should have authority to ensure correct testing, maintenance & logging

48 Emergency Lighting Testing Requirements Commissioning! Full rated duration test (after 24 hours of charging)

49 Emergency Lighting Testing Requirements Inspection & testing Daily Central battery cabinets only Visual inspection to ensure the system is in a ready condition Monthly Short duration test To ensure that all emergency luminaires illuminate correctly (lamps and batteries are working) Annually Full duration test To ensure that all emergency luminaires illuminate correctly and fully achieve duration required (3 hours)

50 Record keeping Competent Person signs regular Test Certificates

51 Emergency Lighting Testing Requirements Record keeping All testing records must be kept off site!

52 What is emergency lighting? Legislation and standards Emergency lighting design Emergency lighting testing requirements Technology to the rescue!

53 Technology to the rescue! LED Technology Good light output Long life Low power consumption Controlled with lenses Greater spacing = fewer points

54 Technology to the rescue! 100,000 hr 4w LED strip vs. 4,000 hr T5 8w fluorescent

55 Technology to the rescue! Automatic testing systems

56 Technology to the rescue! Option 1 : Manual testing Pros : Easy to specify and install equipment, attractive capital costs Cons: Time consuming testing, high labour costs, un-proactive Option 2 : Autotest Pros : Reliable testing, reduced labour costs Cons: Higher capital costs, still requires visual inspection, partly proactive Option 3 : Autotest + networked system Pros : Reliable testing, minimal labour costs, proactive, off site record keeping Cons: High capital costs, potentially high installations costs

57 Technology to the rescue! Option 1 : Manual test Labour intensive testing regime, high maintenance costs plpa (Inclusive of labour for testing and maintenance) Option 2 : Autotest Reduced testing labour, high maintenance costs plpa (Inclusive of labour for testing and maintenance) Option 3 : Autotest + Networked system No manual testing, reduced maintenance costs plpa (Inclusive of labour for testing and maintenance)

58 Technology to the rescue! Wireless automatic testing systems

59 Technology to the rescue! Possibility for full, off site, record keeping

60 Final thoughts Impact of the Grenfell Tower disaster Greater importance of Fire Risk Assessments Risk assessments, safety lighting + new risks (such as threat of terrorism) will drive the use of automated intelligent systems Communication between emergency lighting system and fire alarm system?

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