2/5/2009. Top 10 Garden Pests. Integrated Approach to Pest Management

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1 Outline Insights into Gardening, 2009 Garden Pests of the Willamette Valley Gail Langellotto, Ph.D. (Entomlogy) OSU Department of Horticulture Top 10 Garden Pests Integrated Approach to Pest Management Top 10 Garden Pests 1. Aphids 2. Scales 3. Mites 4. Spiders 5. Bees/Hornets/Wasps 6. Vine Weevils 7. Caterpillars 8. Slugs 9. Deer 10.Moles # 1: Aphids Aphid Infestation on Hybrid Tea Rose Aphid Damage # 1: Aphid Enemies # 2: Scales Aphid Mummies Green Lacewing Larvae Parasitoid Emerging from Aphid Mummy Ground Beetle Syrphid Fly Larvae Minute Pirate Bug 1

2 # 2: Scales # 3: Mites Spider Mite Damage #4: Spiders #4: Spiders Arachnids. Two distinct body divisions, 4 pair legs First pair of appendages are chelicerae All possess venom glands and spinnerets Chelicerae Pedipalps (male) Spinnerets Photo Images Courtesy of: Dept. of Entomology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln #4: Spiders #4: Spiders 2

3 #4: Spiders #5: Bees/Hornets/Wasps Yellow Jacket Nest Paper Wasp Yellowjacket Paper Wasp Nest #5: Bees: Honey bees NOT A PEST!!! #6: Vine Weevils Root weevil larva Root weevil pupa Black Vine Weevil Damage Root weevil adult 3

4 #6: Vine Weevils #7: Caterpillars - Larvae Root weevil larva Root weevil pupa Root weevil adult #7: Caterpillars Life Cycles #7: Caterpillars - Adults Juveniles Not winged / can t fly Not sexually mature Monarch Butterfly Larva Adults Winged / can fly Sexually mature Monarch Butterfly No Wings Wings Potato Leafhopper Nymph Potato Leafhopper Adult Wing Pads Image Sources: (Lepidoptera: (Hemiptera: Wings #8: Slugs and Snails #8: Slugs and Snails Brown Garden Snail 4

5 #8: Slugs and Snails #8: Slugs and Snails For slugs and snails Raised boards Homemade or commercial beer traps Beer Trap Board Trap Beer Trap #9: Deer: Black Tailed Mule Deer #9: Deer: Black Tailed Mule Deer 7 pounds of food per day Eat of 500 kinds of plants Lush greens and buds 2-4 quarts of water per day Most active in early morning and evening Bed in shelters most of the day Ruminants must regurgitate and chew cud #9: Reducing Deer Damage Tolerate Dogs, running loose in the yard Resistant Plants Fencing #9: Deer-Resistant Plants Oregon oxalis Hellebore* Iris Narcissus, Daffodil* Rosemary Tulip Lupine* Reduce Deer Damage in Your Yard, OSU Extension Publication EC Deer-Resistant Ornamental Plants, OSU Extension Publication EC

6 #9: Deer-Resistant Plants Beauty Bush Oregon Grape Western Spice Bush Juniper Common Lilac #9: Deer Fencing Vertical 8 feet high, mesh 5 foot high, solid Slanted 4 feet high, 45 0 Individual Fences Deer-Resistant Ornamental Plants, OSU Extension Publication EC Reduce Deer Damage in Your Yard, OSU Extension Publication EC #9: Deer Repellents #10: Moles Trunk wraps Deer repellents commercial homemade Flashing lights (holiday lights) Townsend s Mole Pacific Mole Step by Step Instructions to Tree Protection: Reduce Deer Damage in Your Yard, OSU Extension Publication EC Photos: Information: Controlling Moles. Kuhn and Edge #10: Moles #10: Moles Pocket Gopher Mound Effective Mole Control Comer and Rodewald Mole Hill Controlling Nuisance Moles. Richard Pierce

7 IPM Integrated Pest Management 1. Identify before acting 2. Monitor the problem. 3. Establish an acceptable threshhold 4. Manage using all available strategies t (least toxic, preferred) 1. Cultural Resistant Plants 2. Physical Copper Barriers, Fences 3. Biological Aphid Enemies 4. Chemical Number of Species Currently Controlled with Pesticides Diseases 137 Insects 304 Mites 34 Nematodes 23 Weeds 102 Diamondback Moth on Cabbage Triangles = Sprayed Circles = Unsprayed Parasitoids on Cabbage Triangles = Sprayed Circles = Unsprayed Biological Control Biological control is the use of living organisms parasites, predators, or pathogens to maintain pest populations below economically damaging levels, and may be either natural (conservation) or applied (augmentative). The 3 P s: Predators, Parasitoids, Pathogens 7

8 Parasitized Insects Aphid Mummies Parasitized Cabbage Moth Larvae Parasitized Beetle Larvae Parasitoid Emerging from Aphid Mummy Augmentative Biological Control Increase local abundance of predators and parasitoids by releasing the biological control agents into the garden Use of biological control agents as you would a chemical pesticide id Conservation Biological Control Few studies have been conducted in garden systems Exception: Shrewsbury and Raupp (2006). Do top-down or bottom up forces determine Stephanities pyriodes in urban landscapes? Two Dimensional System Three Dimensional System Stapling Egg Cards Egg Cards Lacewing Eggs 8

9 Diversity and Pests Raupp et al Plant species diversity and abundance affects the number of different arthropod pests in residential landscapes. Field Guide to Natural Enemies pdf of field guide is posted on website 9