INSECTICIDES MITICIDES OR ACARACIDES. (how long they last) Any chemical used to control a pest Many different kinds SHORT TERM VS RESIDUAL CHAPTER 13

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1 INSECTICIDES CHAPTER 13 Any chemical used to control a pest Many different kinds BROAD SPECTRUM NARROW SPECTRUM CONTACT/ SYSTEMIC CHITIN (primary structural chemical in body wall) SYNTHESIS INHIBITORS-INTERFERE WITH THE DEVELOPMENT AND MOLTING OF IMMATURES INSECT GROWTH REGULATORS-MIMIC ACTION OF INSECT S NATURALLY OCCURRING JUVENILE HORMONE. VERY SAFE BUT SLOW PHEROMONES-NATURALLY PRODUCED CHEMICALS USED BY ANIMALS TO COMMUNICATE TO EACH OTHER SHORT TERM VS RESIDUAL (how long they last) MITICIDES OR ACARACIDES 1

2 FUNGICIDES Must have contact Can be systemic FUNGICIDES 2 approaches: PROTECTANT-before disease ERADICANT-after disease HERBICIDES-pesticides used to control unwanted plants SELECTIVE VS NONSELECTIVE HERBICIDE TIMING CHECK THE LABEL PREPLANT-before crop PREEMERGENT -crop or weed POSTEMERGENT-selective PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS increases, decreases or changes normal growth or reproduction in a plant HARVEST AIDS desiccants defoliants RODENTICIDES 2

3 NEMATICIDES MOLLUSCICIDES REPELLANTS pesticides that make a site or food unattractive to a pest TYPES OF PESTICIDES insecticides herbicides fungicides nematicides acaricides molluscides PEST IS ANYTHING THAT: CHAPTER 12 injures humans, animals, crops, structures or possessions competes with humans, domestic animals or crops spreads disease insects, plant diseases, weeds, vertebrates 3

4 ID YOUR PESTS! By knowing the lifecycle of the pest, the damage it causes and when the damage occurs, it will help you to: know the best time to control the pest use less pesticide, or use other means of control avoid injury to the host avoid injury to the target areas CATEGORIES INSECTS PLANT DISEASES WEEDS VERTEBRATES INSECTS INSECTS 4

5 Three pairs of jointed legs Three body regions METAMORPHOSIS the series of changes an insect goes through as it develops from egg to adult no metamorphosis-little change from hatch and adult simple or gradual metamorphosis incomplete metamorphosis complete metamorphosis SIMPLE METAMORPHOSIS 3 distinct stages: egg, nymph and adult body matures gradually COMPLETE METAMORPHOSIS INSECT-LIKE PESTS 5

6 PLANT DISEASES FUNGI BACTERIA VIRUS NEMATODES SYMPTOMS galls leafspots wilts cankers blights death of tissue FUNGI BACTERIAL DISEASES 6

7 VIRUS DISEASES NEMATODES WEEDS can cause skin irritation hay fever harbor pests release toxins contaminate product at harvest compete for water, light and nutrients poison cause off flavors in milk and meat hinder fish growth increase road maintenance costs WEEDS ANNUALS summer-sprout in spring winter-sprout in fall BIENNIALS PERENNIALS WEED IDENTIFICATION arrangement of leaves-alternate, opposite, whorled leaf structure-simple, compound leaf shape-ovate, lanceolate, linear arrangement of flowers-inflorescence, axillary MAJOR CLASSES OF WEEDS grasses sedges broadleaves flower parts-petals, sepals 7

8 VERTEBRATES CHAPTER 11 BENEFITS OF IPM IPM the use of several strategies to prevent or minimize the damage an insect, weed or disease causes. avoids pest resistance to pesticides minimize the effects on non-target organisms minimize effects on environment maintains good public image saves $$$$ BASIC STEPS OF IPM Preventative measures Monitoring/Scouting Assessment Action PREVENTATIVE MEASURES TO PREVENT PEST BUILDUP good cultural practices structural modifications biological control physical barriers resistant varieties 8

9 PEST ID beneficial? learn lifecycle MONITERING/ SCOUTING early detection is key! ASSESSMENT: ECONOMIC OR ACTION THRESHOLD the level a pest population can reach before causing economic loss ACTION OR CONTROL MEASURES 9

10 MASTER GARDENER HELPLINE NUMBER: PLANT DIAGNOSTIC CLINIC WEBSITE: FORMULATIONS Chapter XV Pesticides are rarely used as originally manufactured. Pesticides are often diluted with water, oil and chemically inert solids to ease application Usually, can t be added directly to water or mixed in the field with solids so manufacturer must modify the product by combining it with solvents, wetting agents, stickers, powders or granules. Final product is called the pesticide formulation. Pesticides are often sold in several different formulations. Applicator should choose what is best for a particular job depending on pest, treatment area, application equipment or danger of drift or runoff. Abbreviations are often used to denote the formulation Aerosols (A) Ready to use Easy to store Easy to buy small amounts Do not lose efficacy in can Practical for small areas $$$$ Explode Kids may be attracted House, backyards SPOT TRT AND HOME GARDEN Ready to use Easily applied Drift Highly visible Easy to dislodge DUSTS (D) POISONOUS BAITS Inside buildings, outside in gardens Small amount of pesticide Easily placed over large area Attractive to kids Need to dispose of large animals Other animals at risk Used for ants, roaches, rats, mice, slugs 10

11 Like dusts but larger No drift Applied easily Used for soil treatments GRANULES (G) READY TO USE (RTU) No mixing Low concentrate Fairly $$$ Used in household for mothproofing, flying or crawling insects EMULSIFIABLE CONCENTRATES (EC) High concentrate of the pesticide, easy to transport Price per pound is low Do not need agitation in tank Not abrasive Low residue Variety of uses, adapted to many types of application equipment CORROSIVE! Easily absorbed through skin FLOWABLES (F) Finely ground suspended in liquid WETTABLE POWDERS (WP) Dry preparations with high concentration of pesticides mixed with water to form suspensions. Low cost, easy to store Most widely used of all the formulations Not easily absorbed through skin Dusty when mixing, require agitation Can be abrasive FUMIGANTS Pesticides in the form of poisonous gases Penetrates into cracks and crevices Toxic to many forms at once Must be enclosed Highly toxic Soil treatments, dwellings, state borders. 11