FRAMING URBAN SPRAWL IN WUHAN AND ARNHEM Urban Growth without Sprawl, A way Towards Sustainable Urbanization

Transcription

1 44th ISOCARP Congress Urban Growth without Sprawl, A way Towards Sustainable Urbanization Dalian, China September 2008 Wu Zhiling, president WPDI, Wuhan, China Jos Verweij, urban planner, Arnhem, Netherlands Bert smolders, urban planner, Arcadis, Netherlands FRAMING URBAN SPRAWL IN WUHAN AND ARNHEM

2 1. Introduction 2. Managing urban sprawl -in Wuhan -in the urban region Arnhem-Nijmegen 3. New coalition: managing urban sprawl and climate change 4. Innovative concept: metropolitan agriculture

3 1. Introduction 1. Introduction

4 Wuhan: -city in east-central China on the Yangtse River -capital of Hubei province -8 million inhabitants -commercial, scientific basis and transportation center of central China -airport international hub -new high speed train axis Guanzhou-Wuhan-Beijing WUHAN

5 Wuhan Masterplan River-city: Yangtse River 1 Municipality 1 Urban Core zone 9 public centres 2 nd level 30 public centres 3 rd level many smaller villages POLYCENTRICITY ⅲ Urban Spatial Structure

6 GREEN-BLUE FRAMEWORK Houguan Lake Fu Lake Qingling Lake, Wu Lake Tangxun Lake East Lake

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8 Successful city: -position and ranking in (international) networks -hardly a matter of size (Isocarp 2004; Management of Urban regions) Chances: Relatively small cities, all strong position in international networks Geneva, Frankfurt, Atlanta specialized international centers Antwerp global hub: transportation, diamond trade avoiding urban expansion/ urban sprawl ànd being successful city combining open space and built up area: liveable city polycentricity

9 ESPD (EU Spatial Development Perspective): key focus on: poly-centricity rural-urban relationships

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12 Wuhan Masterplan Masterplan Urban Region Arnhem-Nijmegen River-city: Yangtse River Two River-cities: Rijn River and Waal River 1 Municipality 20 Municipalities 1 Urban Core zone 2 Urban nodes: cities Arnhem and Nijmegen 9 public centres 2 nd level 18 small towns 30 public centres 3 rd level many smaller villages

13 ⅲ Urban Spatial Structure Common concept: POLY-CENTRICITY Strong concept: -city s assets: use the specific potential of all different urban nodes and villages -grip and control over urban sprawl ongoing mono-centric development and urban dispersion

14 Common concept: STRONG GREEN- BLUE FRAMEWORK supporting polycentricity / avoiding sprawl ecology, urban recreation: sustainable and livable city

15 界 ww w. 城 ci 市 ty 规 up 划.o 与 rg 交 通 网 CLIMATE Heat islands Coalition of strategies: 都 市 世 1. anti-sprawl 2. managing climate-change

16 CLIMATE: extreme temperatures Opportunities Arnhem, Wuhan: -the green-blue framework, cooling the city: -open green wedges -open riverzone -differences in height Cool City

17 界 ww w. 城 ci 市 ty 规 up 划.o 与 rg 交 通 网 CLIMATE: extremes in water discharge Opportunities Arnhem, Wuhan: 都 市 世 -green-blue framework: storage of water

18 Regional park Lingezeegen: size 1500 ha.: 4x Central Park New York investment government: 1 billion yuan Framing urban sprawl: ~avoiding one urban field ~differentiation: red-green-blue Recreation ~ inhabitants in the in-betweenarea ~ inhabitants in the urban region Water ~storage, purification (reed-wetlands) Combination with agriculture ~purchasing land by government:1/3 ~ 2/3 private land (mostly farmers) Diversification agriculture ~combinations with recreation ~selling products, home-made ~organic farming

19 New innovative concept: AGROPARK METROPOLITAIN AGRICULTURE : the benefits of the metropolitan area; >a market for food- and energy production >urban logistic system (fresh food next morning in the supermarket) >a threat for traditional agriculture opportunity for new agriculture >Dutch experience (Alterra, Wageningen University Research) design agroparks in the Netherlands, India, China

20 Greenport Shanghai Agropark Concept Agropark: Dongtan Ecocity near Shanghai: masterplan Greenport Shanghai Agropark. Opportunities for the green-blue framework in Wuhan? 26 km2: Agro Food Park Trade Centre Demonstration Centre

21 界 ww w. 城 ci 市 ty 规 up 划.o 与 rg 交 通 网 Wuhan Masterplan Wu Lake Fu Lake Houguan Lake East Lake Tangxun Lake 都 市 世 Qingling Lake, Wuhan masterplan: - 6 major open wedges as blue green structure for the city - Strong urban pressure on the open green areas East Lake area is one of the green wedges: km2 with 250 km2 large lakes and farmland - north, west, south are urban zones

22 Greater East Lake Area The open middle-zone faces serious challenges: urban development: None or limited zone for urban development (Wuhan Masterplan). environmental: Heavy water and water soil pollution lakes from agricultural sources and from residential areas (no sewerage). costs: Restoration of the water-system: 8.6 billion yuan economics: Poor prospects for farm-families recreation: Water-quality does not meet standards swimming water; Accessibility for recreation is in need of amelioration for different target groups

23 Pilot project Agropark East Lake Towards a sustainable green wedge East Lake with co-development of agropark and eco-city. Challenge is a realistic and sustainable new concept: Protect open space against urban sprawl Give impulse to transition of present local (agricultural) economy Use potential resources for recreation Meet environmental standards for land use and water quality; Develop a sustainable energy supply for residential and rural area Pilot area 10 km2

24 Perspective: different modules agropark form greenport Wuhan Agro-park Eastlake as one of the links in a future network of modules of agroparks, within the 6 green wedges, forming Greenport Wuhan Connected by a smart infrastructure system of ring-roads Integrated in a new chain of food production, food processing, demonstration and trade in Greenport Wuhan Fu Lake Houguan Lake Qingling Lake, Wu Lake East Lake Tangxun Lake Modules of Greenport Wuhan

25 44th ISOCARP Congress Urban Growth without Sprawl, A way Towards Sustainable Urbanization Dalian, China September 2008 Polycentricity and green-blue framework: -controlling urban sprawl -adaptation to climate change: managing heat, water Agropark-concept reinforcing the green-blue framework new urban-rural coalition: - food production - stopping the rural exodus